Académique Documents
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Culture Documents
Control
Process Control)
Fall 1393
Bonab University
Principles and Basic Definitions Process
Control
• Reference:
1388 سید علی اکبر صفوی:اصول و روشهای کنترل صنعتی
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Example: Oil refinery Process
Control
• Input material:
• Crude oil
• Fuel
• Air
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Control system duties Process
Control
• Basic principles:
• Safe operation
• Stabilizing production rate
• Output products quality
• Example:
• In crude oil distillation, rate and quality are
inter-related
• Main tasks of control system:
• Displaying status of process using variable
measurements
• Changing the process variables in order to
improve the conditions
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Overview of a process control problem: Part of Oil refinery Process
Control
• Stage-1:introductory notes:
• CE: Goals?
• PE: Oil gets to column at T* (oil type changes
every 2-3 days T* change) – also Tm
• CE: OK, so from 2 output parameters T is
defined by the column, and we care more about
Fo
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Finding an effective solution Process
Control
• PE: Yes
• CE: So, control goal = regulate output T, and since every 2-3 days set-point changes servoing
as well?
• PE: Yes
• CE: What input variable is under your control?
• PE: Air flow, Fuel* flow
• CE: So, other inputs like crude oil flow & its temp are disturbances?
• PE:Yes
• CE: Is there another important process variable that I should know?
• PE: Yes, fuel tank pressure (Pt), the heat energy it brings to boiler (λf)
• CE: What instrumentation? What actuators are available?
• PE: Thermocouple (Ti, T); flowmeter (Fi, Qf), control valve on fuel, a pyrometer to measure
surface temp for boiler, and alarm
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Finding an effective solution - Stage-2: (modeling) Process
Control
• Stage-2: (modeling)
• CE: Do you have a model of the process?
• PE: No, but the operator knows the behavior well. We have tried Manual control not very
satisfactory:
• The strip chart recorder shows a sample output temp
• This is response to step change in Fi
• Lots of oscillation around the set-point
• The control is not fast and accurate
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Stage-3: Control scheme Process
Control
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Stage-3: Control scheme Process
Control
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Stage-4: controller design Process
Control
• Input variables
• Can independently affect the system
• Those who are readily available: control
variables
• Output variables
• Information about the inner states
• State variables
• The minimum variables that completely
define the inner states (detectors)
• Variables:
• Measureable online
• Non-measureable (at least not with enough
frequency, say chromatography)
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The hardware needed for the control system Process
Control
• Sensors
• Measuring elements: Temp, pressure, liquid
level, flow…
• Controllers
• System heart: the only intelligent element
• With hydraulic, pneumatic, electric signals
• Transmitters
• Sensors to controller
• Controller
• Final elements (actuators)
• The control command is applied to system with
these elements (valves, fans, pumps,…)
• Other hardware elements
• D/A, A/D
• Transforming signals (say, pneumatic)
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Open-loop & Feed-forward schemes Process
Control
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Example: Complexity & Inter-dependency of variables Process
Control
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A useful summarizing video Process
Control
• Loop tuning
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