INTRODUCTION:

The project “AC Motor Speed Controller Circuit ” which is used to

control the speed of AC motor. The circuit uses the principle of changing firing
angle of TRIAC in order to control the speed of motor. Also, the project uses
various switch in order to control the speed whereas LED bar graph is used to
indicate the speed of motor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S,no Components Values No.required

1 Resistors (all ¼- R1, R7, R10 = 220 Ω Each one
watt, ± 5% Carbon) R2 – R6, R9 = 10 KΩ. R8,
R11 =1KΩ R12 = 100Ω

2 Capacitors C1 = 1000 µF Each one

C2 = 1 µF .C3, C4 = 33 pF.
C5 to C9 = 10 µF.C10 = 0.1 µF

3 IC1 = LM7805 5V Series voltage regulator 1

4 IC2 = AT89C51 Microcontroller 1

5 IC3 = MAX232 Interface IC 1

6 IC4 = MOC3011 Random-phase Triac Driver 1

Output Optocoupler
7 T1, T2 = 2N3904 NPN bipolar junction 1
transistor

8 TRIAC1 = BT138 Series TRIAC 1

9 1N4007 Rectifier Diode 1

10 Switches SW1-SW3 (Push to on)

11 Miscellaneous
 AC MOTOR SPEED CONTROLLER CIRCUIT :
The circuit diagram is divided into three main section.

1. Firing angle control circuit

2. Zero crossing detector circuit
3. Speed indicating circuit

FIRING ANGLE CONTROL CIRCUIT :

. This section consist of a microcontroller (At89c51) and opto-coupler
(MOC3011). The opto-coupler is used to trigger TRIAC; whereas
microcontroller is used to control the angle and indicating circuit. The output of
zero crossing detector is given to external interrupt 0 (INT0) pin 12. Pin no.39 is
connected to the input of opto-coupler whereas output is connected to gate of
TRIAC.

The switches SW1, SW2, and SW3 is connected to pin 1, 2 and 3 respectively
where diode D9, D8 and D7 are connected as shown . The function of each
switch is shown in theTable .

Switches Functions
Switch 1 (SW1) To switch on/off TRIAC
Switch 2 (SW2) To Increase delay by 1 mS
Switch 3 (SW3) To Decrease delay by 1
mS
ZERO CROSSING DETECTOR CIRCUIT :
The zero-crossing detector circuit. consists of voltage regulation section
and zero crossing section. The input of 220V AC is given to primary winding of
transformer T1 which is stepped down to 9V AC and changed to pulsating DC
using bridge rectifier circuit. One output of rectifier is given to voltage regulator
IC (IC1) through Diode D6. The output of regulator IC is pure 5V DC which is
given to the collector of transistors T1 and T2 as biasing voltage.

Similarly, another output of rectifier through diode D5 is given to the base

of transistor T1 through the voltage divider circuit comprise of resistors R2 and
R3.

The output of transistor T1 is given to the base of transistor T2 where both

the transistors acts as switch. The output of transistor T2 is given to pin 12 of
IC2.

INDICATION CIRCUIT :
The indicating circuit consists of a bar-graph display and a current
limiting resistor R7. This is used to indicate the condition of motor as well as
speed of motor.The LED connected to the pin no 16 of IC2 is to indicate zero
crossing detector circuit status. This blinking LED represent zero crossing
detector circuit is working ok.

The LED connected to pin 17 is used to indicate the motor power. When
this LED is on it mean motor, power is enable if LED is off it means power is
disable.