Alben P.

Sagpang
University of Mindanao - Davao City
alben_sagpang@umindanao.edu.ph
What to expect from this session

• Day 2 (Sun) – series of:

– discussion…
– hands-on…
– presentation and processing of outputs…
Typical sections of research article
and steps in the research process
Research process
Writing purpose statement (i.e., intent of
the study) for qualitative study
• Possible format:
The purpose of this _________ (strategy of inquiry, such as
ethnography, case study, or other type) study is (was or will be) to
____________ (e.g., understand, explore, develop, discover) the
_____________ (central phenomenon being studied) for
_____________(the participants, e.g., individual, groups, organization)
at _________________. At this stage of research, the
_________________ (central phenomenon being studied) will be
generally defined as _________________ (provide a general
definition).
• Example:
The purpose of this multiple case study is to explore affective, social,
and educational factors that may have contributed to the development
of reading disabilities in four adolescents at a junior high school in the
Philippines.
Purpose statement, research questions, &
research design in Haldenby et al. (2007) quali
study
• Purpose statement
The overall purpose of this study was to explore the
experience of homelessness among adolescents

• Research questions
(a) How is homelessness experienced by adolescents?
(b) How does gender shape these experiences?
(c) How is health perceived and experienced by homeless
adolescents, and what are the barriers they encounter with
respect to the health care system? and
(d) How does current Canadian policy shape these
experiences?
• Research design
Critical narrative analysis (under narrative research design)
Purpose statement, research questions, &
research design in Lassetter et al. (2007)
quali study
• Purpose statement
The purpose of this qualitative, descriptive study was to
capture the everyday lives of parents raising a child with a
disability.

• Research questions
(a) How do parents raising children with disabilities perceive
their everyday lives? and
(b) Can information and meaning be distilled by using
photography as a research tool with parents raising children
with disabilities?

• Research design
Qualitative, descriptive study (under generic qualitative
research design)
Types of quantitative & qualitative
research designs and their primary use
Types of quantitative & qualitative
research designs and their primary use
Contrasting characteristics of 5
qualitative approaches (Creswell, 2012)
Reporting structures for each approach
 Types of data
• Observations • (Official/personal)
– Anecdotal records documents/archive data
– Logs
– Journals/diaries
– Completed observation checklist
– Field notes
– Letters
– Government orders/memoranda
• Interviews
– Face-to-face interviews • Audio-visual materials
– Individual interviews – Sounds
– (Focus) group interviews – Photographs
– Telephone interviews – Videotapes
• Physical data – Films
– Art objects
Writing exercise 4
Specifying the purpose statement, research
questions/objectives, research design, data type, data
gathering techniques, research participants, and research site
• For 20 min, do the ff.
1) Specify the purpose statement
2) Specifying the research questions/objectives (as a way of
narrowing down the purpose statement)
3) Identify the type(s) of data needed to answer the
research questions
4) Identify the technique(s) of gathering the type(s) of data
5) Identify the research participants, and
6) Identify the research site
 Writing exercise 4
Specifying the purpose statement, research
questions/objectives, research design, data type, data
gathering techniques, research participants, and research site
• Sample outputs in table format
• Research design: Critical narrative analysis (under narrative research
design)
purpose research Data type(s) Data Research Research
stateme questions/objectives gathering partici- site
nt technique(s) pants
To (a) How is homelessness Individual Semi- 6 female Community
explore experienced by interviews structured and 7 male center in
the adolescents? interview adolescent Southweste
experie (b) How does gender shape Group s who are rn Ontario,
nce of these experiences? interviews homeless Canada
homeles (c) How is health perceived
sness and experienced by (Note: field Observation
among homeless adolescents, and notes were used
adolesc what are the barriers they after interviews
ents encounter with respect to to revise the
the health care system? interview guide
and as the study
(d) How does current progressed)
Canadian policy shape
these experiences?
Writing exercise 5
Writing up the information generated from Writing Exercises 1
through 4
• For 30 min, write up the information generated
from Writing Exercises 1 through 4
Research process
Writing exercise 6
Gathering and analyzing qualitative data
• For 1 hour, gather and analyze qualitative data.
• For the purpose of the workshop:
– Let us use interview technique.
– Select one interviewer (the rest are “research participants”)
– Design an interview protocol (i.e., interview guide, may be 2-3
questions, which should align with research questions))
– Conduct the interview. Record the interview.
– Transcribe the interview and write the interview data in
Excel
– Analyze the interview data. This involves coding and creation
of themes/categories
– Write up the results of the data analysis