Worksheet on chapter one and two

2.1. A 6600/400 V, 50 Hz single-phase core type transformer has a net cross-

sectional area of the core of 428 cm2. The maximum flux density in the core
is 1.5 T. Calculate the number of turns in the primary and secondary
windings. Ans. 462, 28
2.2. A single phase, 50 Hz, 220/3000 V, transformer has a net cross-sectional area
of the core 400 cm2. If the peak value of flux density in the core is 1.239 T,
calculate the suitable values for the number of turns in primary and
secondary windings
2.3. Single-phase 50 Hz transformer has 80 turns on the primary winding and 280
in the secondary winding. The voltage applied across the primary winding is
240 V at 50 Hz. Calculate (i) the maximum flux density in the core and (ii)
induced emf in the secondary. The net cross-sectional area of the core can be
taken 200 cm2.

Ans.(i) 0.675 Wb/m2; (ii) 840 V

2.4. The values of the resistance of the primary and secondary windings of a
2200/200V, 50 Hz single phase transformer are 2.4 and 0.02  respectively.
Find (i) equivalent resistance of primary referred to secondary, (ii)
equivalent resistance of secondary referred to primary, (iii) total resistance
of transformer referred to secondary and (iv) total resistance of transformer
referred to primary.
2.5. Short circuit test performed on 20 kVA, 2000/200 V, 50 Hz, single phase
transformer gave the following readings:

With 100 V applied to the primary, full load current circulated in the short
circuited secondary with power drawn of 300 W. Calculate the secondary terminal
voltage on full- load (i) at unity power factor, (ii) at pf of 0.75 lagging and (iii) at

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 Worksheet on chapter one and two

pf of 0.8 leading. Find also the percentage regulation in each case.

Ans.:(i) 197 V, 1.5 % (ii) 191.4 V, 4.28% (iii) 203.3 V, -1.66%

2.6. The iron and full load copper losses in a 40 kVA single phase transformer are
450 and 850 W respectively. Find (i) the efficiency at full load when the
power factor of the load is 0.8 lagging, (ii) the maximum efficiency and (iii)
the load at which the maximum efficiency occurs.
2.7. Calculate the efficiency at full load, half load and one-fourth load at (i) unity
pf and (ii) 0.71 pf lagging, for a 80 kVA, 1100/250 V, 50 Hz, single phase
transformer, whose losses are as follows:

Iron losses= 800 W

Total copper losses with 160 A in the low voltage winding is 200 W.

Ans.:(i) 98.04%, 97.57 %, 95.92 % (ii) 97.25 %, 96.61 %;, 94.36 %.

2.8.The parameters of the equivalent circuit of a 10 kVA, 2000/ 400 V, 50 Hz,

single phase transformer are as follows:

Primary winding: r1=5.5 ; x1=12 

Secondary winding: r2 =0.2 ; x2 = 0.45

If the primary supply voltage is 2000 V, calculate the approximate value of the
secondary voltage at full load 0.8 power factor lagging. Ans.:377.6 V

2.9. A 10-kVA 2200/460-V transformer is connected as an autotransformer to

step up the voltage from 2200 V to 2660 V. When used to transform 10
kVA, determine the kVA load output.
Ans.:57.8 kVA
2.10. Three transformers connected -Y step down the voltage from 12600 to 600
V and deliver a 55-kVA load at a power factor of 0.866 lagging.Calculate :

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 Worksheet on chapter one and two

(a) The transformation ratio of each transformer.

(b) The kVA and kW load in each transformer.
(c) The load currents.
(d) The currents in the transformer windings.
Ans.: (a) 33k ; (b) 18.3kVA , 15.88kW; (c) 48.1 A ; (d) I2=48.1A, I1=1.46

2.11. A 50-hp 440-V three-phase motor with an efficiency of 0.88 and a power
factor of 0.82 on full load is supplied from a 6600/440-V -Y connected
transformer. Calculate the currents in the high- and low-voltage transformer
windings when the motor is running at full load.

2.12 A 13,200-V three-phase generator delivers 10000 kVA to a three-phase

66,000-V transmission line through a step-up transformer. Determine the kVA,
voltage, and current ratings of each of the single-phase transformers needed if they
are connected:

(e) - (b)Y - (c) Y –Y (d) -Y

Ans.: (a) 3333kVA, V1=13.2kV, V2=66kV, I1=253A, I2=50.5A; (c) 3333kVA,
V1=7.62kV, V2=38.1kV, I1=437.5A, I2=87.5A

2.13. A Y- transformer bank supplies a balanced load of 500 kW, 1100 V, 0.85 pf
lagging. Determine the primary and secondary voltages and currents . the primary
line voltage is 11000 V.

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 Worksheet on chapter one and two

Chapter one

1.1. A coils of 200 turns is wound uniformly over a wooden ring having a mean
circumference of 600 mm and a uniform cross sectional area of 500 mm2. If the
current through the coil is 4 A, calculate:

(a) the magnetic field strength,

(b) the flux density, and
(c) the total flux
Ans.: 1333 A/m, 1675×10 -6 T, 0.8375
Wb

1.2. A coil of 1000 turns is wound on air-core toroid as shown in Figure 1.26. The
current in the coil is 5A. Do=7 cm, and Di =5 cm. calculate the flux density inside
the coil, assuming that it is uniformly distributed over the coil cross section.

1.3. A coil of 1000 turns is wound on an air-core toroid as shown in Figure 1.26, where
Di=4 cm and Ds= 0.5 cm. If the flux in the cross section is 0.8 Wb, calculate I.
Assume that the flux is confined to the inside of the coil and is uniformly
distributed across the cross section. Ans.: 4.58 A

Figure 1.26 magnetic circuit for problem 1.3.

1.4. Consider the toroid shown in Figure 1.26, given that Di= 13 cm, and Ds=1.5 cm.
the cast steel material has the magnetic characteristics of the B-H curve shown in

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 Worksheet on chapter one and two

Figure 1.7. if the coil has 150 turns, calculate I so that the magnetic flux density is
1.5 T.

1.5. The toroid shown in Figure 1.26 has circular cross section and a cast iron core. The
inner diameter is 4 cm, the outer diameter is 6 cm. If the flux in the core is 0.059
mWb, find the current in coil.Take N=500 turns. Ans.: 1.38 A

1.6. A coil having 200 turns is wound on the toroid of Figure 1.26. A 1.5mm air gap is
cut in the cast steel and a current of 2 A is passed through the coil. Di = 13 cm and
Ds= 1.5 cm. Assuming no leakage flux, calculate the flux density in the air
gap.Take μr=1200.

1.7. An air-gap 1 mm wide is cut in the toroid of Problem 1.4. What is the current now
required to produce flux density of 1.5 T ? Ans.: 17.0 A
-3
1.8. Calculate the MMF needed to produce a flux of 1.3 10 Wb in the air gap of
Figure 1.27. Ans.: 1801 At

1.9. A magnetic circuit has the dimensions shown in Figure 1.28 (all dimensions in
centimeters except as indicated). Find I if the air-gap flux is 645 Wb.Ans.1.82 A

Figure 1.28 magnetic circuit for

Figure 1.27 magnetic circuit for problem 1.9.
problem 1.8.

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 Worksheet on chapter one and two

1.10. A magnetic core is made up of two parts, a sheet steel portion plus a cast steel
portion (Figure 1.29). The effective length of the cast steel is 8 cm, and of the
sheet steel, 20 cm. The core has a uniform cross section of 15 cm2. Find the
number of ampere-turns of the coil required to produce a flux of 2.1 mWb in the
core.

Figure 1.29 magnetic circuit for problem 1.10.

1.11. A magnetic circuit made of cast steel has the dimensions shown in Figure 1.30.
The cross-sectional area is 4 cm2 for all parts in the magnetic path. The air gap is
1.5 mm wide. Find the number of ampere-turns required on the center leg to
produce a flux of 0.52 mWb in the center leg. Ans.: 1942
At

Figure 1.30 magnetic circuit for problem 1.11.

1.12. A magnetic circuit consists of a cast steel yoke which has a cross-sectional area of
2 cm2 and a mean length of 12 cm. There are two air gaps, each 0.2 mm long.
Calculate the ampere-turns required to produce a magnetic flux of 50 Wb in the
air gaps.