Nama : INDRAWATI

NIM : 17.4210.1753
MK : Perancangan Alat Proses
Design an exchanger to sub-cool condensate from a methanol condenser from 95˚C to 40˚C. Flow rate of
Methanol 100.000 kg/h. Brackish water will be used as the coolant with a temperature rise from 25˚ to 40˚C
Penyelesaian :
Only the thermal design will be considered.
This example illustrates Kern’s method.
Coolant is corrosive, so assign to tube-side.
Heat capacity methanol = 2,84 kJ/kg˚C
100.000
Heat load = 3600
x 2,84 (95-40) = 4340 kW

Heat capacity water = 4,2 kJ/kg˚C

4340
Cooling water flow = 4,2 (40−25) = 68,9 kg/s

(𝑇1−𝑡2)−(𝑇2−𝑡1) (95−40−(40−25)
Δ Tlm = (𝑇1−𝑡2) = (95−40) = 31˚C
𝑙𝑛 𝑙𝑛
(𝑇2−𝑡1) (40−25)

Use one shell pass and two tube passes

(𝑇1−𝑇2) (95−40)
R= = = 3,67
𝑡2−𝑡1 (40−25)

(𝑡2−𝑡1) (40−25)
S = (𝑇1−𝑡1) = (95−25) = 0,21

Dari gambar 12.19 didapat Ft = 0,85 sehingga ΔTm = Ft x ΔTlm = 0,85 x 31 = 26˚C
Dari gambar 12.1 didapat U = 600 W/m²˚C
𝑄 4340 𝑥 1000
Provisional area A = 𝑈 𝑥 𝛥𝑇𝑚 = 600 𝑥 26
= 278 m²
3
Choose 20 mm o.d.; 16 mm i.d., 4,88 m long tubes( 4 in x 16 ft), cupro nickel

Allowing for tube-sheet thicness, take

L = 4,83 m
Area of one tube = 4,83 x 20 x 10-3 π = 0,303 m²
278
Number of tube = 0,303 = 918

As the shell-side fluid is relatively clean use 1,25 triangular pitch

𝑁𝑡 918
Bundle diameter Db = d0 (𝐾1)1/n1 = 20 (0,249)1/2,207 = 826 mm

Use a split-ring floating head type

Dari gambar 12.10 maka bundle diametrical clearance = 68 mm
Shell diameter, Ds = 826 + 68 = 894 mm
TUBE-SIDE COEFFICIENT
40+25
Mean water temperature = 2
= 33˚C
𝜋
Tube cross-sectional area = 4 x 16² = 201 mm²
918
Tubes per pass = 2
= 459

Total flow area = 459 x 201x 10-6 = 0,092 m²

68,9
Water mass velocity = 0,092 = 749 kg/s m²

Density water = 995 kg/m3

Water linier velocity = 749/995 = 0,75 m/s
4200 (1,35+0,02𝑡)𝑢𝑡 0,8 4200(1,35+(0,02𝑥33))0,750,8
Maka hi = 𝑑𝑖 0,2
= 160,2
= 3852 W/m²˚C

Koefisien juga dapat dihitung dengan persamaan 12.15

ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑖 𝜇
𝑘𝑓
= jhRePr0,33 (𝜇𝑤)0,14

Viscosity of water = 0,8 mNs/m²

Thermal conductivity = 0,59 W/m˚C
𝜌𝜇𝑑𝑖 995 𝑥 0,75 𝑥 16 𝑥 10−3
Re = = = 14,925
𝜇 0,8 𝑥 10−3

𝐶𝑝𝜇 4,2 𝑥 103 𝑥 0,8 𝑥 10−3

Pr = 𝑘𝑓
= 0,59
= 5,7

Neglect (μ/μw)
𝐿 4,83 𝑥 103
= = 302
𝑑𝑖 16

Dari gambar 12.23, jh = 3,9 x 10-3

0,59
hi = 16 𝑥 10−3 x 3,9 x 10-3 x 14,925 x 5,70,33 = 3812 W/m²˚C

SHELL-SIDE COEFFICIENT
𝐷𝑠 894
Choose baffle spacing = 5
= 5
= 178 nm

Tube pitch = 1,25 x 20 = 25 mm

(𝑝𝑡−𝑑𝑜)𝐷𝑠 𝑙𝐵 995 𝑥 0,75 𝑥 16 𝑥 10−3
Cross flow area As = 𝑝𝑡
= 0,8 𝑥 10−3
= 14,925

100.000 1
Mass velocity, Gs = 3600
x 0,032 = 868 kg/s m²
2
1 𝑑𝑜)
𝑝𝑡 𝑥 0,87− 𝜋
4( 2 4
2 1,10
Equivalent diameter de = 𝜋𝑑0 = 𝑑𝑜
(pt²-0,917do²) = 1,1/20 (25² - 0,917 x 20²) = 14,4 mm
2

Mean shell side temperature = (95 + 40)/2 = 68˚C

Methanol density = 750 kg/m3
Viskositas = 0,34 mNs/m²
Heat capacity = 2,84 kJ/kg˚C
Thermal conductivity = 0,19 W/m˚C
𝐺𝑠𝑑𝑒 868 𝑥 14,4 𝑥 10−3
Re = 𝜇
= 0,34 𝑥 10−3
= 36,762

𝐶𝑝 𝜇 2,84 𝑥 103 𝑥 0,34 𝑥 10−3

Pr = 𝑘𝑓
= 0,19
= 5,1

Pilih 25 % baffle cut, dari gambar 12.29 didapat jh = 3,3 x 10-3

Tanpa koreksi dari viskositas maka :
Hi = (0,19/(14,4 x 10-3)) x 3,3 x 10-3 x 36,672 x 5,11/3 = 2740 W/m²˚C
Estimasi wall temperature :
Mean temperature difference = 68 – 33 = 35˚C
Acroos all resistances
𝑈 600
Acroos methanol film = ℎ x ΔT = 2740 𝑥 35 = 8°𝐶
𝑜

Mean wall temperature = 68-8 = 60˚C

μw = 0,37 mNs/m²
𝜇
=( 𝜇 )0,14 = 0,99
𝑤

Which shows that the correction for a low-viscosity fluid is not significant

OVERALL COEFFICIENT
Thermal conductivity of cupro-nickel alloys = 50 W/m˚C
Take the fouling coefficient from table 12.2, methanol(light organic) 5000 Wm-2˚C-1, Brackish water (sea
water) take a highest value, 3000 Wm-2˚C-1
𝑑 𝑑
𝑜 ln( 𝑜 )
1 1 1 𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑜 1 𝑑𝑜 1
= + + + 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑈𝑜 ℎ𝑜 ℎ𝑜𝑑 2𝑘𝑤 𝑑𝑖 ℎ𝑖𝑑 𝑑𝑖 ℎ𝑖

20
1 1 20 𝑥 10−3 𝑥 ln( ) 20 1 20 1
16
= 2740 + 5000
+ 2 𝑥 50
+ 16
𝑥 3000
𝑥 16
𝑥 3812

Uo = 738 W/m2˚C well above assumed value of 600 W/m2˚C