EBCS-10: 2013

Ethiopian Building Code Standard

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
OF BUILDINGS

2013 Edition

FOREWORD
The   Proclamation   to   define   the   powers   and   duties   of   the   Central   and   Regional   Executive   Organs   of   the

Transitional Government of Ethiopia No. 41/1993 empowers the Ministry of Works and Urban Development to
prepare the Country's Building Code, issue Standards for design and construction works, and follow up and

supervise the implementation of same.

In exercise of these powers and in discharge of its responsibility, the Ministry is issuing a series of   Building

Code Standards of general application.

The purpose of these standards is to serve as nationally recognized documents, the application of which is

deemed to ensure compliance of buildings with the minimum requirements for design, construction and quality

of materials set down by the National Building Code.

The major benefits to be gained in applying these standards are the harmonization of professional practice and

the   ensuring   of   appropriate   levels   of   safety,   health   and   economy   with   due   consideration   of   the   objective

conditions and needs of the country.

As  these standards  are technical  documents  which,  by their  very nature,  require  periodic  updating,  revised

editions will be issued by the Ministry from time to time as appropriate.

The Ministry welcomes comments and suggestions on all aspect of the Ethiopian Building Code Standards. 

All feedback received will be carefully reviewed by professional experts in the field of building construction

with a view to possible incorporation of amendments in future editions.

Mekuria Haile 

Minister

Ministry of Construction and

Urban Development
2013
INTRODUCTION
This Code Standard for the Electrical Installation of Buildings, EBCS 10: 2013 Edition, is part of the Building 

Code of Ethiopia which is a revision of the eaerlier EBCS 10: 1995 Edition .

EBCS 10  has been mainly adopted and adapted from IEE Regulations for Electrical Installations (Bris=tish 

origin), Canadian Electrical Code, Part 1; the German standard (DIN and VDE); and  National Fire Protection 

Authority/National Electrical Code (NFPA/NEC) of the USA to suit the Ethiopian conditions. Other 

publications quoted are shown in the respective sections of the Code and the Ethiopian Standardization Agency 

maintains registers of a number of foreign national and international standards.

The Code embraces several aspects of electrical installation work and sets standards and provisions for safe 

utilization of electricity.

The Technical Committee for the first edition of the Code Standards for the Electrical Installation of Buildings 

comprised of the then following Institutions representing balanced interest of all segments of the public 

concerned with the subject matter:

• Ministry of Works & Urban Development (MWUD), 

     now Ministry of Construction & Urban Development (MoCUD)

• Building Design Enterprise (BDE)

• Ethiopian Electric Light & Power Authority (EELP A),

       now Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation (EEPCO)]

• Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Technology (AAU), 

         now represented by Addis Ababa Institute of Technology (AAiT)

• Ethiopian Authority for Standardization (EAS), 

         now Ethiopian Standards Agency
For the revision process to come up with EBCS­10: 2013 Edition, MoCUD signed a memorandum of 

understanding with Addis Ababa University in 2012 which mandated also to involve members from other 

stakeholders including the industry, private consultants, contractors andgovernment agencies. Accordingly, the 

Building Electrical Installation Technical Committee  (BEITC) has been formed from practical as well as  

theoretically experienced  members from Addis Ababa Institute of Technology (AAiT) of the AAU and a 

private consultant.

History and Development of the Ethiopian Building Electrical Installation Code

and Standard (now referred to as EBCS-10)
In the growing Ethiopian practice on building electrical installations, introduced, developed and established over
a period extending up to a century since the early 1900s, it appears that electrical installation practices (i.e. both
approved and taken for granted) were practically derived from European practices. Henceforth, the design rules
and contracting or subcontracting practices were implicitly based first on either on earlier versions of IEC 60
364 standards, or later on and more recently on DIN VDE 0 100 standards and regulations.

The first nationally governing regulatory document concerning building electrical installation in Ethiopia has
been issued by the then Ethiopian Electric Light and Power Authority(EELPA) under the theme “Building
Electrical Installation Regulation ????” in 196??. During that time EELPA had been acting not only as a utility
engaged in the generation, transmission, distribution and sales of electric power but also as a regulator of the
same as well as building electrical installations. This first regulatory document, produced by EEPCO, has been
very limited in scope, coverage and application. This problem initiated the process and paved the way for
producing an entirely new and wide code.

By far the more wide issues covering, systematized, and standardized document comparable to international
similar experiences is the Building Electrical Installation Standard and Code of Ethiopia, referred to as EBCS-10
and developed in 1995.

EBCS-10 is an integral part of the Ethiopian Building Code Standard which comprises 11 codes that address the
structural, foundational, earthquake etc aspects of a building. EBCS 10 is concerned about only issues of
electrical installation in a building. The main purpose of EBCS 10 has been for the safe utilization of electricity
in buildings plus embracing several aspects of electrical installation work.

Some time in between, the then EELPA has been transformed in to Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation whose
activity has been limited to only operational and not regulatory. The regulatory aspect has been entitled to
various government agencies through proclamations.

As to application, because no formal enforcement mechanisms have been in place, only very few professionals
practiced the EBCS-10:1995 Building Electrical Installation Code and Standard while most adhering to
international codes and standards. As a result, it has been difficult to do impact analysis of the effect of EBCS-
10:1995 in the Ethiopian building installation practice.
The Ministry of Construction and Urban Development (MoCUD), observing the safety and reliability problems
in many buildings associated to electrical installations, initiated the EBCS10:1995 to be revised in 2011 after its
16 years of service. Accordingly EBCS-10: 2013 Edition, a revised version of EBCS10:1995, has been
produced.

Preface to EBCS-10: 2013 Edition

EBCS-10: 2013 Edition is the updated version of EBCS-10: 1995. In the update process the Building Electrical
Installation Technical Committee (BEITC) focused mainly on the following aspects of revision:

 Emphasizing/redefining the purpose/mandate of the EBCS-10 code

 Using/citing updated and latest versions of the Normative Reference materials that has already been
utilized and reflecting the updated information therein in EBCS-10.
 Incorporation of missing issues requiring codes and standards within the existing 26 sections of the code
 Introducing additional separate Sections in to the existing code to address some important issues
 Correction of typographical errors in the previous document of the code

The main purpose of EBCS 10 has been maintained to be primarily for safe utilization of electricity in buildings
ensuring the avoidance of fire hazards on humans/animals, buildings and properties therein and thereby as well
as shock hazards on humans and animals. Critical issues such as reliability, efficiency, economics as well as the
convenience, expansion and maintenance of a building electrical installations have been raised and discussed
among the Tehnical Committee. However, centering on the issue of safety makes logically the conductors,
devices, apparatuses and other electrical materials to be used to be of relatively higher capacity, higher quality
and durable and as a result reliability and efficiency aspects of the installation will be satisfied. However, cost of
the installation would increase which should be compromised for the prior agenda of safety of humans and
properties. Thus, in the selection and endorsement of the prior Normative References, cost has not been
considered.

EBCS-10: 1995 and EBCS-10:2013 both are adoptions of codes and standards from Europe, USA and Canada
plus some adaptations to local context. This process has been maintained and updated versions of the Normative
References have been referred.
NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY CONCERNING THE USE OF EBCS-10:
2013 DOCUMENTS

The codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides contained in EBCS-10: 2013
are adopted and adapted from known codes such as that of the European (EN) and/or
British (BS), the Canadian and the American’s NEC.

Accordingly the Building Electrical Installation Technical Committee (BEITC) did not independently

test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any
judgments contained in its codes and standards.

BEITC disclaims liability for any personal injury, property or other damages of any nature
whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or
indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this document.

BEITC also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any

information published herein.

Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as
appropriate,
seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable
care in any given circumstances.

BEITC has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the
contents of this document.

Nor does BEITC list, certify, test or inspect products, designs, or installations for
compliance with this document.

Any certification or other statement of compliance with the requirements of this

document shall not be attributable to BEITC and is solely the responsibility of the certifier
or maker of the statement.

ADDITIONAL NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS

Updating of the EBCS 10 Document

Users of EBCS 10:2013 should be aware that the document may be superseded at any time by the issuance of
new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments. An official EBCS
10:13 document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any tentative
amendments and any Errata then in effect.
.
Interpretations of the EBCS 10:2013 Document

…..

Patents

EBCS 10:2013 does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
with any items which are mentioned in or are the subject of codes, standards, recommended practices, and
guides in EBCS 10:2013 and the EBCS 10:2013 disclaims liability for the infringement of any patent resulting
from the use of or reliance on these documents.

Users of this document are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the
risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.

EBCS 10:2013 adheres to applicable policies of the Ethiopian Standards Agency or the Intellectual Property and
Copyright Protection Authority??? of Ethiopia.

Law and Regulations

Users of this document should consult applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations. EBCS 10 does
not, by the publication of its codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides, intend to urge action that is
not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so.

Copyrights

This document is copyrighted by the EBCS. It shall be made available for a wide variety of both public and
private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation,
standardization, and the promotion of safe practices and methods.

By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the MoCUD
does not waive any rights in copyright to this document.

Use of EBCS10 document for regulatory purposes should be accomplished through adoption by reference. The
term “adoption by reference” means the citing of title, edition, and publishing information only. Any deletions,
additions, and changes desired by the adopting authority should be noted separately in the adopting instrument.
 ETHIOPIAN BUILDING CODE STANDARD
EBCS-10: 2013 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION OF
BUILDINGS S
TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD   ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. i

INTRODUCTION  ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ii

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ETHIOPIAN BUILDING ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION CODE AND STANDARD …. iii

PREFACE TO EBCS-10: 2013 EDITION: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. iv

NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY …………………………………………………………………………………………………. v

SECTION  1   SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
   1.1 Scope  …………………………………………………………………………….  1
   1.2 Nonnative references   …………………………………………………………… 1
               1.3 Definitions  ………………………………………………………………………  2

SECTION  2   GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
             
              2.1  Administrative …………………………………………………………………………20
2.1.1 Authority for rules ……………………….………………………………………20
2.1.2 Permit …………………………………………………………………………… 20
2.1.3 Application for inspection …………….…………………………………………20
2.1.4 Posting of permit   ……………………………………………………….………20
2.1.5 Notification re­inspection   ………………………………………………………20
2.1.6 Plans and specifications  …………………………………………………………21
2.1.7 Connection authorization   ………………………………………………………21
2.1.8 Re­inspection … ………….………………………………………………………21
2.1.9 Renovation of existing installation ………………………………………………21
 2.1.10 Use of approved equipment   ……………………………………………………22
2.1.11 Deviation or postponement ……………………………………………………22
2.1.12 Powers of rejection ………………………………………….…………………22
2.1.13 Installation of electrical equipment ……………………………………………22
2.1.14 Damage and interference   ………………………………………………………22

2.2 Technical   ………………………………………………..……………………………23
2.2.1 Conventional symbols   ………………………………………………..…………23
2.2.2 Co­ordination  ……………………………………………..…………..…………23
2.2.3 Location and requirement of substation ……………………………..…………23
2.2.4 Rooms (spaces) required ………………………………………………..…………23
2.2.5 Location and requirements of distribution boards ………………………………24
2.2.6 Location and requirements of PBX/PABX rooms ………………………………24

2.3 Planning and designing …………………………………………………………………25
2.3.1 General ……………………………………………………………………………25
2.3.2 Layout and installation drawing …………………………………………………25
2.3.3 Design ……………………………………………………………………………25

2.4 Marking of equipment ………………………………………………………………… 26
2.4.1 General …………………………………………………………………………… 26
2.4.2 Workmanship and materials ………………………………………………………27
2.4.3 Material for anchoring ……………………………………………………………27
2.4.4 Protection of persons and property ………………………………………………27
2.4.5 Maintainability …………………………………….…………………………….. 27
2.4.6 Enclosures …………………………………………………………..…………… 28

SECTION  3   ILLUMINATION

3.1 Scope ………………………………………………………………….…………………29
 3.2 Normative references ……………………………………………………………………29
3.3 Definitions ………………………………………………………………………………30
3.4 Lighting requirements ………………………………………….……………………….35
3.4.1 Illuminance ………………………………………………………………………. 35
3.4.2 Luminance ……………………………………………..………………………….35
3.4.3 Glare …………………………………………………….…………….…………. 36
3.4.4 Light direction and modelling …………………………………………………….36
3.4.5 Colour rendering ………………………………………….……………………….36

3.5 Emergency lighting requirements ………………………………………….……………37
3.5.1 Escape lighting ……………………………………………….……..…………….37
3.5.2 Safety lighting for particular hazardous workplaces ……………………………37
3.5.3 Standby lighting ………………………………………………………………….38

3.6 Lighting requirements for various types of buildings ……………………………………38
3.6.1 General …………………………………………………………………………….38
3.6.2 Industrial ……………………………………………………………….………….39
3.6.3 Offices ……………………………………………………………………………. 39
3.6.4 Hotels and restaurants  ……………………………………………………………. 39
3.6.5 Educational establishments …………………………………………………………40
3.6.6 Hospitals …………………………………………………………………………. 40

3.7 Outdoor lighting requirements ………………………………..…………………………42
3.7.1 Illuminance ……………………………………………………….……………….42
3.7.2 Colour rendering group ……………………………………………………………42
3.7.3 Limitation of glare ………………………………………………..……………….43
3.7.4 Lighting of outdoor fixed location work spaces   …………………………………43

SECTION 4 CONDUCTORS

4.1 Scope …………………………………………………………………………………….66
 4.2 Nonnative references …………………………………………………………………….66
4.3 Definitions ……………………………………………………………………………….67
4.4 Size of conductors ……………………………………………………………………….69
4.4.1 Phase conductors in a.c. circuits and live conductors in d.c. circuits  …………... 69
4.4.2 Neutral conductors ………………………………………………………………. 69

4.5 Ampacity of wires, cables and flexible cords ……………………………………………70
4.5.1 Conductor operating temperature …………………………………………………70
4.5.2 Cables connected in parallel ………………………………………………………70
4.5.3 Cables connected to bare conductors or bus bars …………………….……………70
4.5.4 Voltage drop ……………………………………………………………………….70

4.6 Flexible cords ……………………………………………………………………………. 70
4.7 Colour of conductors ………………………………………….………………………….71
4.8 Maximum permissible temperature ………………………………………………………71

Annex (preface)
Annex A (Normative) ­ Correction factors…………………………………...………………74
Annex B (Normative) ­ Type of cable and ampacity …………………………………………85

SECTION 5 SERVICE AND SERVICE EQUIPMENT ………………………….
………………90

5.1 Scope ……………………………………………………………………………………. 141
5.2 Normative references …………………………………………………………………….141
5.3 Definitions ……………………………………………………………………………….141
5.4 General requirements …………………………………………………………………….142
5.4.1 Number of services permitted ……………………………………………………142
5.4.2 Consumer's installation not to be supplied through another building …………….143
5.4.3  Conductors considered outside of a building …………………………………….143
5.4.4 Other conductors in raceway or cable∙ …………………………………………..144
 5.4.5 Clearance from building openings ……………………………………………….144

5.5 Service equipment …………………………………………………….…………………144
5.5.1 General …………………………………………………………………..……….144
5.5.2 Control …………………………………………………………………….……..145

5.6 Wiring methods ………………………………………………………………………….148
5.6.1 Underground consumer's service conductors . ……………………………………148
5.6.2 Overhead consumer's service conductors …………………………………………148

5.7 Metering equipment ……………………………………………………………..……….149
5.7.1 Connection …………………………………………………….………………….149

SECTION 6 CIRCUIT LOADING AND DEMAND FACTOR

6.1 Scope …………………………………………………………………………………….150
6.2 Normative references …………………………………………………………………….150
6.3 Definitions ……………………………………………………………………………….150
6.4 General …………………………………………………….…………………………….151
6.4.1 Current calculation ……………………………………………………………….151
6.4.2 Voltage drop…………………………………………..…………………………. 151
6.4.3 Maximum circuit loading …………………………………………………………151
6.4.4 Use of demand factor ……………………………………………..………………151

6.5 Services and feeders …………………………………………………………………….151
6.5.1 Single­family dwellings  …………………………………………………………151
6.5.2 Apartment and similar multi­family buildings ………………….………………. 152
6.5.3 Schools …………………………………………………………………..……….153
6.5.4 Hospitals ………………………………………………………………………….153
6.5.5 Hotels, motels, dormitories, and buildings of similar occupancy  ………………..154
6.5.6 Other types of occupancy …………………………………………………………155
 6.5.7 Branch circuits …………………………………………………………………….155
6.5.8 Feeder demand factors for lifts ……………………………………………………155

SECTION 7 EARTHING, BONDING, AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION
PART I ­ EARTHING, AND BONDING

7.1 Scope …………………………………………………………………………………..157
7.2 Normative references ……………………………………………………….………….157
7.3 System and circuits earthing ……………………………………………………………158
7.3.1 Direct current. systems ……………………………………………………………158
7.3.2 Alternating ­ current systems ……………………………………………..………158

7.4 Location of system earthing connections ………………………………………………159
7.4.1 D.C. systems …………………………………………………………………..….159
7.4.2 A.C. systems ……………………………………………………..……………….159
7.4.3 Isolated systems ……………………………………………………….………….159
7.4.4 Single service supply to two or more buildings or structures  …………..……….160
7.4,5 Conductors to be earthed …………………………………………………………160
7.4.6 Current over earthing conductor ………………………….………………………160

7.5 Bonding 161
7.5.1 Non­current carrying metal parts ………………………………………………..161
7.5.2 Exposed non­current­carrying metal parts of equipment ………………………..161
7.5.3 Non­metallic wiring systems ………………………………………………….…161
7.5.4 Non­electrical services …………………………………………………….……161
7.5.5 Extraneous fixed metalwork ……………………………………………………164

7.6 Method of earthing ……………………………………………………………………...164
7.6.1 Effective earthing ……………………………………………………………….164
7.6.2 Common earthing conductor ……………………………………………………164
 7.6.3 Common earthing electrode ……………………………………………………164
7.6.4 Underground service …………………………………………………………….165
7.6.5 Short section of raceway ……………………………………………………….165
7.6.6 Fixed equipment ……………………………………………………………..….165

7.7 Bonding methods …………………………………………………………..………….166
7.7.1 Clean surface ………………………………………………………………..…. 166
7.7.2 Bonding at service equipment ………………………………………………….166
7.7.3 Means of assuring continuity at service equipment ………………………….. 166
7.7.4 Metal armor or tape of service cable……………………………………………167
7.7.5 Bonding at other than service equipment …………………………………….. 167
7.7.6 Loosely jointed metal raceways …………………………………………….…167
7.7.7 Bonding jumpers …………………………………………………………….. 167

7.8 Earthing electrodes ……………………………………………………………….….168
7.8.1 General…………………………………………………………………….…. 168
7.8.2 Service pipe electrode………………………………………………………….168
7.8.3 Artificial earthing electrodes ………………………………………………….169

7.9 Earthing and bonding conductors …………………………………………….………171
7.9.1 General ………………………………………………………………………….171
7.9.2 Installation of system earthing conductors ……………………………………….172
7.9.3 Installation of equipment bonding conductors …………………………………….173
7.9.4 Earthing conductor size for d.c. circuits ………………………………………….174
7.9.5 Earthing conductor size for a.c. system ………………………………………….174
7.9.6 Bonding conductor size ………………………………………………………….174

7.10 Earthing and bonding conductor connections ……………………………………..175
7.10.1 Bonding. conductor connection to raceways ………………………………175
7.10.2 Earthing conductor connection to water pipe electrodes ………………….175
7.10.3 Earthing conductor connections to other than water pipe electrodes ……….175
 7.10.4 Bonding conductor connection to circuits and equipment …………………176
7.10.5 Earthing conductor cQJ111Cction to electrodes …………………………..176

SECTION 7 EARTHING, BONDING AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION
  PART II ­ LIGHTNING PROTECTION

7.11 Scope ……………………………………………………………………………….178
7.12 Normative references ……………………………………………………………….178
7.13 Definitions ………………………………………………………………………….179
7.14 Materials ………………………………………………………………………….180
7.14.1 General …………………………………………………………………….180
7.14.2 Galvanic compatibility ……………………………………………………….180
7.14.3 Corrosion protection ………………………………………………………….181
7.14.4 Mechanical protection ………………………………………………………….181
7.14.5 Use of aluminum ……………………………………………………………….181

7.15 Form and size ………………………………………………………………………….184
7.15.1 Air termination ……………………………………………………………….184
7.15.2 Conductors …………………………………………………………………….185
7.15.3 Earth termination ……………………………………………………………….185
7.15.4 Minimum dimension ………………………………………………………….185

7.16 Air termination ………………………………………………………………………….185
7.16.1 General ………………………………………………………………………….185
7.16.2 Support ………………………………………………………………………….185
7.16.3 Metallic projections …………………………………………………………….185
7.16.4 Metallic materials ……………………………………………………………….186
7.16.5 Structure within zone .of protection ………………………………………..…. 186
7.16.6 Air termination on roof ………………………………………………………….186
7.16.7 Air termination on reinforced concrete structure ……………………………….186
7.17 Down conductor ……………………………………………………………..………….186
7.17.1 General ………………………………………………………………….…….186
7.17.2 Routing ………………………………………………………………………. 187
7.17.3 Recommended number ………………………………………………………. 187
7.17.4 Mechanical protection ………………………………………………..……….187
7.17.5 Corrosive soil ………………………………………………………..…......... 187
7.17.6 External routes not available ………………………………………………….187
7.17.7 Lift shafts ……………………………………………………………….…….188
7.17.8 Re­entrant loops ……………………………………………………………….188
7.17.9 Sharp bends ………………………………………………………..………….188
7.17.10 Bonding to prevent side flashing …………………………………………….188
7.1 7.11 Bonds ………………………………………………………………..……. 188
7.17.12 Test points ……………………………………………………………..…….189

7.18 Earth termination .................... ……………………………………………………....... 190
7.18.1 Termination………………………………………………………….……….190
7.18.2 Resistance to earth …………………………………………………………….190
7.18.3 Earth electrodes……………………………………………………………….190
7.18.4 Connection point ……………………………………………………………….190

7.19 Common earthing ……………………………………………………………..……….192
7.19.1 Common earth potential ………………………………………………………. 192
7.19.2 Common earth bonding ……………………………………………………….. 192

7.20 Use of reinforcement for earthing in concrete Structures ………………………….193
7.20.1 General………………………………………………………………….…….193
7.20.2 Electrical continuity ………………………………………………………….193
7.20.3 Prestressed concrete members ………………………………………………….193
7.20.4 Precast concrete members …………………………………………………….193
 7.21 Structural steel framing for lightning protection ……………………………………….194
7.21.1 General ……………………………………………………………..………….194
7.21.2 Air termination ………………………………………………………………. 194
7.21.3 Connection …………………………………………………………………….194
7.21.4 Earthing ……………………………………………………………………….194
7.21.5 Interconnection ……………………………………………………………….194

Annex (Informative)
Annex A ­ System design ……………………………………………………………….219
Annex B ­ Consultation ……………………………………………………………….220

SECTION 8 WIRING METHODS

8.1 Scope ………………………………………………………………………………….223
8.2 Normative reference ………………………………………………………………….223
8.3 General requirements …………………………………………………………     …….223
8.3.1 Methods of installations ………………………………………………………….223
8.3.2 Wiring in ducts and plenum chambers ………………………………………….224
8.3.3 Underground installations …………………………………………………….224
8.3.4 Conductors in hoist ways ……………………………………………………….225

8.4 Conductors …………………………………………………………………………….226
8.4.1 Types of conductors ……………………………………………………………….226
8.4.2 Radii of bends in conductors ……………………………………………………….226
8.4.3 Conductor joints and splices ……………………………………………………….227
8.4.4 Supporting of conductors ………………………………………………………….228

8.5 Open wiring …………………………………………………………………………….228
8.5.1 Open and clipped direct ………………………………………………………….228
8.5.2 Spacing of conductors …………………………………………………………….228
8.5.3 Conductor supports ……………………………………………………………….229
 8.5.4 Spacing of supports ……………………………………………………………….229

8.6 Exposed wiring on exterior of buildings and between Buildings on the same premises ...229
8.6.1 Location of conductors……………………………………………………………. 229
8.6.2 Clearance of conductors ………………………………………………………….229
8.6.3 Power supply conductors ………………………………………………………….229

8.7 Bare bus bars and risers ……………………………………………………………….230
8.8 Installation of boxes, cabinets, outlets and terminal fittings …………………………….230
8.8.1 Number of outlets per circuit …………………………………………………….230
8.8.2 Outlet boxes ……………………………………………………………………..231
8.8.3 Conductors in boxes  ………………………………………………………….231
8.8.4 Terminal fittings ……………………………………………………………….231

8.9 Cables, conductors and wiring methods ……………………………………………….232

Annex A (Normative): Schedule of methods of installation of cables  ………………….233

SECTION 9  PROTECTION AND CONTROL

9.1 Scope …………………………………………………………………………..…….237
9.2 Normative references ……………………………………………………………….237
9.3 General requirements ……………………………………………………………….237
9.3.1 Protective and control devices ……………………………………………….237
9.3.2 Types and ratings of protective and control devices ………………………….238

9.4 Protective devices ……………………………………………………………..……….238
9.4.1 Over current devices ………………………………………………………….238
9.4.2 Earth fault protection …………………………………………………………….239

9.5 Fuses ………………………………………………………………………………….240
 9.6 Circuit breakers …………………………………………………………..………….240
9.7 Control devices ………………………………………………………..…………….240
9.8 Switches …………………………………………………………………….……….241
9.9 Protection and control of miscellaneous apparatus …………………………………….241

SECTION 10 CLASS 1 AND CLASS 2 CIRCUITS

10.1 Scope …………………………………………………………………………..…….245

10.2 Normative references ……………………………………………………………….245
10.3 Classification ………………………………………………………..……………….245
10.3.1 General ……………………………………………………………………….245
10.3.2 Class 1 extra-low-voltage power circuits …………………………………….246
10.3.3 Class 2 low-energy power circuits ………………………………………….246
10.3.4 Hazardous location …………………………………………………………….246
10.3.5 Circuits to safety control devices …………………………………………….246
10.3.6 Circuits in communication cables ……………………………………………. 246

10.4 Class 1 circuits ……………………………………………………………………….247

10.4.1 Limitation of Class 1 circuits ………………………………………………….247
10.4.2 Methods of installation for Class 1 circuits …………………………..……….247
10.4.3 Overcurrent protection of Class 1 circuits ……………………………..……..247
10.4.4 Location of overcurrent devices in Class 1 circuits ………………………….. 247
10.4.5 Class I extra-low-voltage power circuit sources including Transformers …... 248
10.4.6 Conductor material and sizes ………………………………………………….248
10.4.7 Insulated conductors for Class 1 wiring ………………………………….…..248
10.4.8 Conductors of different circuits in the ,same enclosure, cable, or Raceway ….248
10.4.9 Mechanical protection of remote-control circuits …………………………….249
10.4.10 Class 1 circuits extending aerially beyond a building ………………….…..249

10.5 Class 2 circuits …………………………………………………………………..…. 249

10.5.1 Limitations of Class 2 circuits ………………………………………………249
10.5.2 Methods of installation on supply side of overcurrent protection
or Transformers or other devices for Class 2 circuits …………………….250
 10.5.3 Marking ……………………………………………………………….…….250
10.5.4 Overcurrent protection for Class 2 circuits …………………………………250
10.5.5 Location of over current devices …………………………………………… 251
10.5.6 Conductors for Class 2 circuit wiring ………………………………………..251
10.5.7 Separation of Class 2 circuit conductors from other circuits ………………..251
10.5.8 Conductors of different Class 2 circuits in the same cable, enclosure,
or raceway …………………………………………………………………...252
10.5.9 Penetration of a fire separation …………………………………………………252
10.5.10 Conductors in vertical shafts and hoistways ………………………………… 252
10.5.11 Class 2 conductors and equipment in ducts and plenum chambers ……….... 252
10.5.12 Equipment located on the load side of overcurrent protection,
transformers, or current-limiting devices for Class 2 circuits ……………… 252
10.5.13 Class 2 circuits extending beyond a building ……………………………..253
10.5.14 Underground installations ………………………………………………… 253

SECTION 11 INSTALLATION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

11.1 Scope ……………………………………………………………………………..….254
11.2 Normative references ……………………………………………………………….254
11.3 General ……………………………………………………………………………….254
11.3.1 Fusible equipment …………………………………………………………….254
11.3.2 Connection to identified terminals or leads …………………………………….254
11.3.3 Equipment over combustible surfaces ………………………………………….255
11.3.4 Installation of ventilated enclosures …………………………………………….255
11.3.5 Outdoor installations  …………………………………………………..………255

11.4 Electric heating and cooking appliances ……………………………………………….255
11.4.1 Location of non­portable appliances ………………………………………….255
11.4.2 Rating of portable appliances ……………………………………….………….255
11.4.3 Appliance exceeding 1500 W …………………………………………………. 256
11.5 Heating equipment …………………………………………………………….………. 256
11.6 Submersible pumps …………………………………………………..……………….256
 11.7 Motors and associated circuits ……………………………………………………….257
11.7.1 Wiring methods and conductors ……………………………………………….257
11.7.2 Overcurrent protection ……………………………………………………….260
11.7.3 Overload and overheating protection ………………………………………….262
11.7.4 Under voltage protection ………………………………………………………. 265
11.7.5 Control ………………………………………………………………………….266
11.7.6 Disconnecting means ………………………………………………………….267

11.8 Air conditioning and refrigerating equipment ………………………………………….268
11.8.1 General …………………………………………………………………..…….268
11.8.2 Branch circuit ………………………………………………………………….268
11.8.3 Disconnecting means ………………………………………………………….269
11.8.4 Supply cords ………………………………………………………………. 269

11.9 Storage batteries ……………………………………………………………..……….269
11.9.1 Location of storage batteries ………………………………………………….269
11.9.2 Ventilation of battery rooms or areas ………………………………………….269
11.9.3 Battery vents …………………………………………………………………….269
11.9.4 Battery installation……………………………………………………………….269
11.9.5 Wiring …………………………………………………………….…………….270

SECTION 12 HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS

12.1 Scope …………………………………………………………………..….………….279
12.2 Nonnative reference …………………………………………………….…………….279
12.3 Classification ……………………………………………………………….………….279
12.3.1 Division of Class I locations …………………………………………………. 279
12.3.2 Division of Class II locations ………………………………………………….280
12.3.3 Division of Class III locations ………………………………………………….281

12.4 General requirements ……………………………………………………………….281
 12.4.1 Electrical equipment ………………………………………………………….281
12.4.2 Marking ……………………………………………………………….……….282
12.4.3 Non­essential electrical equipment …………………………………………….283
12.4.4 Equipment rooms ………………………………………………………………. 283
12.4.5 Cable trays …………………………………………………..…………………. 284

12.5 Class I locations …………………………………………………………………..…….284
12.5.1 Installations in Class I, Division 1 locations ……………………………………284
12.5.2 Installations in Class I, Division 2 locations …………………………………..286

12.6 Class II locations …………………………………………………………………..….287
12.6.1 Installations in Class II, Division 1 locations ……………………….………..287
12.6.2 Installation in Class II, Division 2 locations ………………………..………. 289

12.7 Class III locations …………………………………………………………….……….290
12.7.1 Installations in Class III, Division 1 locations ………………………………..290
12.7.2 Installations in Class III, Division 2 locations ……………………….……….293

SECTION 13 FLAMMABLE LIQUID DISPENSING AND SERVICE 
STATIONS, GARAGES, BULK STORAGE PLANTS, FINISHING PROCESSES 
AND AIRCRAFT HANGARS

13.1 Scope ……………………………………………………………………………….294
13.2 Nonnative references ……………………………………………………………….295
13.3 Gasoline dispensing and service stations ………………………………………….295
13.3.1 Hazardous areas …………………………………………………………….295
13.3.2 Wiring and equipment within hazardous areas  ……………………………..296
13.3.3 Wiring and equipment above hazardous areas ……………………………..297
 13.4 Commercial garages, repairs and storage ……………………………………………297
13.4.1 Hazardous areas ……………………………………………………………….297
13.4.2 Wiring and equipment in hazardous areas ……………………………………298
13.4.3 Wiring above hazardous areas ……………………………………………..298
13.4.4 Equipment above hazardous areas …………………………………………..298

13.5 Residential storage garages 298
13.5.1 Non­hazardous location………………………………………………………298
13.5.2 Hazardous location …………………………………………………………….299
13.5.3 Wiring ……………………………………………………………………..…. 299

13.6 Bulk storage plants ………………………………………………………..………. 299
13.6.1 Hazardous areas ……………………………………………………………….299
13.6.2 Wiring and equipment in hazardous areas …………………………………..302
13.6.3 Wiring and equipment above hazardous areas ……………………………….302

13.7 Finishing processes ………………………………………………………………….302
13.7.1 Hazardous locations …………………………………………………………302
13.7.2 Wiring and equipment in hazardous areas ………………………………….304
13.7.3 Wiring and equipment above hazardous areas …………………………… 305

13.8 Aircraft hangars ……………………………………………………………………… 305
13.8.1 Hazardous areas……………………………………………………………….305
13.8.2 Wiring and equipment in hazardous areas ………………………………… 306
13.8.3 Wiring not within hazardous area…………………………………………… 306
13.8.4 Equipment not within hazardous areas ……………………………..………. 307

SECTION 14 PATIENT CARE AREAS

14.1 Scope………………………………………………………………………………..308
 14.2 Nonnative references ……………………………………………………………….308
14.3 Definitions …………………………………..………………………………….…….308
14.4 Circuits in basic care areas …………………………………………………………….311 
14.4.1 Branch circuits ……………………………………………………………….311
14.4.2 Bonding to earth in basic­care areas …………………………………………….311
14.4.3 Socket outlets in basic­care areas ……………………………………………….312

14.5 Circuits in intermediate and critical­care areas ……………………………………….313
14.5.1 Branch circuits ……………………………………………………………….313
14.5.2 Bonding to earth in intermediate and critical­care areas ……………………. 313
14.5.3 Receptacles in intermediate­and critical­care areas …………………………….313

14.6 Isolated systems …………………………………………………………………….…. 314
14.6.1 Sources of supply ……………………………………………………………… 314
14.6.2 Single­phase isolated circuits …………………………………………………. 314
14.6.3 Three­phase isolated systems ………………………………………………….315

14.7 Essential electrical systems …………………………………………………………….315
14.7.1 Circuits in essential electrical systems ………………………………………….315

14.8 Transfer switches ………………………………………………………………………. 316
14.9 Emergency supply ………………………………………………………………...…….316

SECTION 15  INSTALLATION OF LIGHTING EQUIPMENT

15.1 Scope ……………………………………………………….……………………..…. 3 18
15.2 Normative references ………………………………………………………………….318
15.3 Interior lighting equipment …………………………………………………………….318
15.3.1 General ………………………………………………………………………. 318
15.3.2 Location of lighting equipment ……………………………………………….320
15.3.3 Installation of lighting equipment …………………………………………….323
 15.3.4 Wiring of lighting equipment ………………………………………………….323
15.3.5 Earthing of­lighting equipment ……………………………………………….326
15.3.6 Electric­discharge lighting systems operating at 1000V or less  ……………..326

15.4 Outdoor lighting equipment ………………………………………………………….327
15.4.1 General………………………………………………………..……………….327
15.4.2 Permanent outdoor floodlighting installation ……………….………………..328
15.4.3 Exposed wiring for permanent outdoor lighting ………….……………….…331

Annex A (Normative) …………………………………….…………………………….….334

SECTION  16  FIRE ALARM SYSTEM AND FIRE. PUMPS

16.1 Scope ……………………………………………………………………………….344
16.2 Normative references …………………….………………………………………….344
16.3 Definitions ………………………………………………..……………………..….344
16.4 Design consideration ……………………………………………………………….346
16.4.1 General ………………………………………………………………….….346
16.4.2 Circuit design ……………………………………………………………….347
16.4.3 Manual call points ………………………………………………………….348
16.4.4 Selection of fire detectors ………………………………………………….349
16.4.5 Sitting of detectors ………………………………………………………….350
16.4.6 Sitting of heat sensitive (point) detectors……………………………………….350 
16.4.7 Vibration combined with rapid temperature change ………………………….. 353
16.4.8 Sitting of heat­sensitive (line) detectors……………………………………….354
16.4.9 Sitting of smoke­sensitive detectors …………………………………………….354
16.4.10 Audible and visual alarms ………………………………………………….354

16.5 Cables and wiring …………………………………………………………………….356
16.5.1 Cables………………………………………………………………………..356
16.5.2 Wiring method ……………………………………………………………….357
 16.6 Equipment bonding …………………………………………………………………….359
16.6.1 Exposed non­current carrying metal part……………………………………….359
16.6.2 Bonding conductor ……………………………………………………….…….359

16.7 Power supply system ……………………………………………………………….….359
16.7.1 Operating voltage……………………………………………………………….359
16.7.2 Sources of power ……………………………………………………………….359
16.7.3 Current supply ……………………………………………………………….360

16.8 Fire pumps …………………………………………………………………………...361
16.8.1 Conductors ……………………………………………………………….….361
16.8.2 Wiring method ……………………………………………………………….361
16.8.3 Consumers’ service for fire pumps …………………………………………….361
16.8.4 Protection ………………………………………………………………..…….362

Annex A (Informative) ……………………………………………………………….…….363
Annex B (Informative) …………………………………………………………………….365

SECTION 17 SIGNS AND OUTLINE LIGHTING

17.1 Scope………………………………………………………………………………….371
17.2 Normative references ……………………………………………………………….371
17.3 General requirements ……………………………………………………………….371
17.3.1 Construction ……………………………………………………………….371
17.3.2 Disconnecting means ………………………………………………………….372
17.3.3 Rating of disconnecting means and control devices …………………………..372
17.3.4 Thermal protection…………………………………………………………….372
17.3.5 Branch. circuit capacity ……………………………………………………….372
17.3.6 Location ……………………………………………………………………..….372
17.3.7 Bonding ……………………………………………………………………..….373
 17.3.8 Protection of sign leads …………………………………………………..…….373
17.3.9 Installation of conductors ……………………………………………………….373
17.3.10 Fuse holders and flashers …………………………………………………….373

17.4 High­voltage luminous discharge tube signs and outline Lighting …………………..373
17.4.1 Enclosure …………………………………………………………………..….373
17.4.2 Protection of uninsulated part ………………………………………………….374
17.4.3 Transformers ……………………………………………………………..…….374
17.4.4 High­voltage wiring methods ………………………………………………….375

SECTION 18 LIFTS, ESCALATORS AND SIMILAR EQUIPMENT

18.1 Scope ……………………………………………………………………………….377
18.2 Normative references ……………………………………………………………….377
18.3 General ……………………………………………………………………..……….377
18.3.1 Voltage limitation …………………………………………………………. 377
18.3.2 Live parts enclosed…………………………………………………………….377

18.4 Conductors ……………………………………………………………………….…….378 
18.4.1 Installation of conductors ……………………………………………………….378
18.4.2 Minimum size of conductors ………………………………………………….378
18.4.3 Motor circuit conductors …………………………………………………….379

18.5 Wiring …………………………………………………………………….………….379
18.5.1 Wiring methods ……………………………………………………………….379
18.5.2 Branch circuits for auxiliary systems ………………………………………….380

18.6 Installation of conductors ……………………………………………………………….380
18.6.1 Number of conductors in raceway …………………………………...………….380
18.6.2 Supports …………………………………………………………………..…….380
18.6.3 Different systems in one raceway or travelling cable …………………………. 380
 18.6.4 Wiring in hoistway …………………………………………………..………….381
18.6.5 Electric equipment in garages and similar occupancies ……………………….381
18.6.6 Sidewalk lifts ……………………………………………………………….381

18.7 Traveling cables …………………………………………………………………..….381
18.7.1 Suspension ………………………………………………………………..….381
18.7.2 Hazardous (classified) location ……………………………………………….382
18.7.3 Protection against damage …………………………………………………….382
18.7.4 Installation …………………………………………………………………….382

18.8 Disconnecting means and control ……………………………………………………….382
18.8.1 General …………………………………………………………………..…….382
18.8.2 Type ……………………………………………………………………..…….383
18.8.3 Location……………………………………………………………………….383
18.8.4 Phase protection……………………………………………………………….383

18.9 Overcurrent protection ……………………………………………………………….383
18.9.1 Control and operating circuits ………………………………………………….383
18.9.2 Motors ………………………………………………………………………….384

18.10 Machine room ……………………………………………………………….……….384
18.10.1 Guarding equipment ………………………………………………………….384
18.10.2 Clearance around control panels and disconnecting means ………………….384

18.11 Earthing…………………………………………………………………………..….384
18.11.1 Metal raceway attached to cars …………………………………………….384
18.11.2 Electric lifts ……………………………………………………………….385
18.11.3 Non­electric lifts …………………………………………………………….385
18.11.4 Method of bonding ………………………………………………………….385

18.12 Overspeed …………………………………………………………………..……….385
 18.12.1 Overspeed protection ……………………………………………………….385
18.12.2 Motor­generator overspeed device ………………………………………….386

18.13 Emergency power ………………………………………………………….………….386
18.13.1 Supply ……………………………………………………………………….386
18.13.2 Disconnection ……………………………………………………………….386
18.13.3 Hydraulic lifts disconnecting means ………………………………………….386

18.14 Machine rooms and hoistway pits lighting and Auxiliary …………………………….386
18.14.1 Machine room ……………………………………………………………….386
18.14.2 Hoist pits …………………………………………………………………….387

SECTION 19 THEATRE INSTALLATION

19.1 Scope………………………………………………………………………………….388
19.2 Normative references ……………………………………………..………………….388
19.3 Wiring method …………………………………………………………….………….388
19.4 Fixed stage switchboard ……………………………………………………………….389
19.4.1 Fuses …………………………………………………………..…………….389
19.4.2 Overcurrent protection ………………………………………………………. 389
19.4.3 Dimmers …………………………………………………..……..…………….390
19.4­4 Control of stage and gallery pockets…………………………………………….390
19.4.5 Conductors ………………………………………………………….………….390

19.5 Portable switchboard on stage ………………………………………………………….391
19.5.1 Construction of portable switchboards ………………………………………….391
19.5.2 Supply for portable switchboard ……………………………………………….391

19.6 Fixed stage equipment ……………………………………………………………….391
19.6.1 Footlights ……………………………………………………………….…….391
19.6.2 Metal work …………………………………………………………..……….391
 19.6.3 Clearance at terminals ……………………………………………………….392
19.6.4 Mechanical protection of lamps in borders, etc ……………………………….392
19.6.5 Suspended fixtures …………………………………………………………….392
19.6.6 Connections at lamp holders ………………………………………………….392
19.6.7 Ventilation for mogul lampholders…………………………………………….392
19.6.8 Conductor insulation for field­assembled fixtures …………………………….392
19.6.9 Branch circuit overcurrenf protection ……………………………………….392
19.6.10 Pendant lights rated more than l00 W ……………………………………….393
19.6.11 Cables for border lights ………………………………………………….….393
19.6.12 Wiring to arc pockets ……………………………………………………….393
19.6.13 Socket outlets and plugs …………………………………………………….393
19.6.14 Curtain motors ……………………………………………………………….394
19.6.15 Flue damper control ………………………………………………………….394

19.7 Portable stage equipment …………………………………………………………….394
19.7.1 Fixtures on scenery …………………………………………………………….394
19.7.2 String or festooned lights ……………………………………………………….395
19.7.3 Flexible conductors from portable equipment ………………………………….395
19.7.4 Portable equipment for stage effects ……………………………………...…….395

SECTION 20 EMERGENCY SYSTEMS, UNIT EQUIPMENT, AND EXIT  
                         SIGNS

20.1 Scope …………………………………………………………………………………396
20.2 Normative reference ……………………………………………………….………….396
20.3 General ………………………………………………………………………….…….396
20.3.1 Adequate capacity …………………………………………………………….396
20.3.2 Instruction ……………………………………………………………….397
20.3.3 Batteries maintenance ………………………………………………………….397
20.3.4 Lamps ………………………………………………………………………….397
 20.3.5 Circuits ……………………………………………………………..………….397
20.3.6 Method of wiring ……………………………………………………………….397

20.4 Emergency systems …………………………………………………………………….398
20.4.1 Supply ………………………………………………………………..……….398
20.4.2 Control ……………………………………………………………….……….398
20.4.3 Overcurrent protection ………………………………………………………….398
20.4.4 Audible and visual trouble­signal devices …………………………………….398

20.5 Unit equipment ……………………………………………………………………….399
20.5.1 Mounting ……………………………………………………………………….399
20.5.2 Supply connections …………………………………………………………….400

20.6 Exit signs ………………………………………………………………………..…….401
20.6.1 Power supply ………………………………………………….……………….401
20.6.2 Wiring ………………………………………………………………………….401

SECTION 21 MOTION PICTURE STUDIOS, PROJECTION ROOMS, FILM  
                        EXCHANGES AND FACTORY

21.1 Scope ………………………………………………………………………………….402
21.2 Normative references ………………………………………………………………….402
21.3 General …………………………………………………………………………….….402
21.3.1 Wiring method ……………………………………………………………….402

21.4 Viewing, cutting and patching table fixture …………………………………………….403
21.5 Film­vaults and storage rooms ………………………………………………………….403
21.5.1 Equipment in film vaults and storage rooms ………………………………….403
21.5.2 Wiring method in film­vaults ………………………………………………….403
21.5.3 Lighting fixtures in film­vaults ……………………………………………….403
 21.5.4 Film­vault circuits ……………………………………………………….…….404

21.6 Motion picture projection rooms …………………………………………..………….404
21.6.1 Lamps in projection rooms …………………………………………………….404
21.6.2 Arc lamp current supply ……………………………………………………….404
21.6.3 Ventilation ………………………………………………………………….….404

21.7 Motors and generators ……………………………………………………………..….404

SECTION 22 DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING INSTALLATION

22.1 Scope ……………………………………………………………………………..….405
22.2 Nonnative references ……………………………………………………………….405
22.3 Definitions …………………………………………………………………..……….405
22.4 High­voltage guarding ……………………………………………………………….406
22.5 Connections to supply circuit ………………………………………………………….406
22.6 Disconnecting means ………………………………………………………………….406
22.7 Transformers and capacitors …………………………………………………………….407
22.8 Control ………………………………………………………………………………….407
22.9 Ampacity of supply conductors and rating of overcurrent protection ………………….408
22.10 Bonding ……………………………………………………………………………….408

SECTION 23 ELECTRICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

23.1 Scope ………………………………………………………………………..………. 409
23.2 Nonnative reference ………………………………………………………………….409
23.3 General ………………………………………………………………………..……….409
23.3.1 Circuits in communication cables ……………………………………………….409
23.3.2 Hazardous locations ……………………………………………….…………….410
23.3.3 Approved transformers ………………………………………….……………….410
23.4 Inside conductors ……………………………………………………………………….410
23.4.1 Conductors arrangement ……………………………………………………….410
23.4.2 Insulation ……………………………………………………………..……….410
23.4.3 Earthing conductors with an outer metal covering ……………………………..410
23.4.4 Separation from other conductors ……………………………………..………410
23.4.5 Penetration of a fire separation …………………………………………………411
23.4.6 Communication cable in hoistways …………………………………………….411
23.4.7 Communication conductors in ducts and plenum chambers ……………….….412
23.4.8 Data processing systems ……………………………………………………….412
23.4.9 Conductors under raised floors ………………………………………………….412
23.4.10 Conductors in concealed installations ……………………………………….412
23.4.11 Type CFC under­carpet wiring system ……………………………………….413

23.5 Equipment ………………………………………………………………………….….414
23.5.1 Communication equipment in bathrooms …………………………….……….414
23.5.2 Equipment in air ducts, plenums, or suspended ceilings ……………………….414
23.5.3 Exposed equipment and terminations …………………………………………. 415
23.5.4 Earth circuits ……………………………………………..…………………….415
23.5.5 Communication systems in hospitals ………………………………………….415

23.6 Outside conductors ………………………………………………………..…………….415
23.6.1 Overhead conductors on poles ………………………………………………….415
23.6.2 Overhead conductor$ on roofs ………………………………………………….415
23.6.3 Lightning conductors ………………………………………………………….416
23.6.4 Swimming pools ……………………………………………………………….416

23.7 Underground circuits………………………………………………………………….416
23.7.1 Direct buried systems …………………………………………….………….416
23.7.2 Underground raceway ……………………………………………………….417
 23.8 Earthing 417
23.8.1 Bonding of cable sheath ……………………………………………….……….417
23.8.2 Cable­sheath bonding conductor ……………………………………………….418
23.8.3 Earthing electrode ……………………………………………………………….418
23.8.4 Earthing electrode connection ………………………………………………….419
23.8.5 Bonding of electrodes …………………………………………………….…….419

SECTION 24 COMMUNITY ANTENNA INSTALLATION FOR RADIO AND  
                        TELEVISION RECEPTION

24.1 Scope ……………………………………………………………………………..….420.
24.2 Normative references…………………………………………………..…………….420
24.3 Technical requirements……………………………………………………………….421
24.3.1 Mechanical ………………………………………………………………. 421
24.3.2 Electrical ………………………………………………………….……….421

24.4 Equipment ………………………………………………………………………….….421
24.4.1 Community antenna distribution amplifiers and other power sources…………..421
24.4.2 Exposed equipment and terminations …………………………………………..422
24.4.3 Equipment earthing ….………………………………………………………….422

24.5 Community antenna distribution network …………………………………………….422
24.5.1 Conductor ……………………………………………………………….…….422
24.5.2 Voltage limitation ……………………………………………………………….422
24.5.3 Hazardous locations …………………………………………………….…….423
24.5.4 Supports ……………………………………………………………………….423
24.5.5 Earthing of outer conductive shield of a coaxial cable ……………………….423
24.5.6 Earthing conductor …………………………………………………………….423
24.5.7 Earthing electrode …………………………………………………………….424
24.5.8 Earthing electrode connection ……………………………………………….424
 24.6 Conductors within buildings ………………………………………………………….424
24.6.1 Separation from other conductors …………………………………………….424
24.6.2 Conductors in a vertical shaft ……………………………………………….425
24.6.3 Penetration of a fire separation ……………………………………………….426
24.6.4 Community antenna distribution conductors in ducts and plenum Cambers ... 426
24.6.5 Raceways …………………………………………………………………..….426

24.7 Conductors outside of buildings ……………………………………………………….426
24.7.1 Overhead conductors on poles………………………………………………….426 .
24.7.2 Overhead conductors on roofs ……………………………………………..….426
24.7.3 Conductors on buildings………………………………………………….…….426
24.7.4 Conductors entering buildings ………………………………………………….427
24.7.5 Swimming pools ……………………………………………………………….427

24.8 Underground conductors ……………………………………………………………….427
24.8.1 Direct buried systems ……………………………….………………………….427
24.8.2 Underground raceway………………………………………………………….428
24.8.3 Underground block distribution ………………………………….…………….429

24.9 Lightning arresters for receiving stations ……………………………………………….429
24.9.1 Lightning arrester …………………………………………………………….429
24.9.2 Earthing conductor ……………………………………..…………………….429
24.9.3 Earthing electrode …………………………………………………………….430

Annex A (Informative) …………………………………………..………………………….431

SECTION 25: SWIMMING POOLS, FOUNTAINS AND SIMILAR 
                        INSTALLATIONS
25.1 Scope …………………………………………………………….…………………. 446
25.2 Normative reference ………………………………………………………………….446
25.3 Definitions …………………………………………………………..……………….446
25.4 General …………………………………………………………….………………….447
25.4.1 Equipment installation ………………………………………………………….447
25.4.2 Overhead wiring ……………………………………………………………….448
25.4.3 Underground wiring ………………………………………………………….448
25.4.4 Bonding to earth ……………………………………………………………….449
25.4.5 Junction and deck boxes  ……………………………………………………….450
25.4.6 Transformers and transformer enclosure ……………………………………….451
25.4.7 Socket outlets ……………………………………………….………………….452
25.4.8 Luminaries and lighting equipment …………………….……………………….452
25.4.9 Earth­fault circuit breakers ……………………………………………………….454

25.5 Permanently installed swimming pools ……………………………………………….455
25.5.1 General ……………………………………………………………………….455
25.5.2 Conduit type ………………………………………………………………….455
25.5.3 Circuit segregation ……………………………………….………………….455
25.5.4 Drainage ………………………………………………….……..…………….455

25.6 Storable swimming pools ……………………………………………………………….455
25.6.1 Electrical equipment …………………………………..……………………….455
25.6.2 Pumps ………………………………………………………………………….456

25.7 Hydromassage bathtub ……………………………………………………………….456
25.7.1 Protection …………………………………………………………………….456
25.7.2 Control ……………………………………………………….……………….456
25.7.3 Other electric equipment …………………………………….……………….457

25.8 Spas and hot tubs ……………………………………………………..……………….457
25.8.1 Bonding to earth ……………………………………………………………….457
 25.8.2 Controls and other electrical equipment ……………………………………….457
25.8.3 Leakage current ……………………………………………………………….458
25.8.4 Field­assembled units ………………………………………..……………….458

Annex A (Informative) ………………………………………………………….………….460

SECTION 26: SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

26.1 Scope
26.2 Normative References
26.3 Special Terminology
26.4 Marking
26.5 maximum Photovoltaic Source Circuit and Output Circuit Voltage
26.6 Voltage drop
26.7 Ampere Rating of Photovoltaic Source Circuits
26.8 Overcurrent Protection for Apparatus and Conductors
26.9 Photovoltaic dc arc-fault circuit protection
26.10 Disconnecting means
26.11 Wiring Method
26.12 Attachment plugs and similar wiring devices
26.13 Module Connection Arrangement
26.14 Interconnected System Connection
26.15 Solar photovoltaic systems earthing
26.16 Power conditioning unit

SECTION 27: RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS

27.1 Scope
27.2 Normative References
27.3 Special Terminology
27.4 General
27.5 Overcurrent Protection
27.6 Disconnecting Means
27.7 Wiring method
27.8 System Earthing
27.9 Ungrounded Renewable Energy Power Systems
27.10 Earthing Electrodes and Earthing conductors
27.11 Equipment bonding
27.11 Marking
27.12 Warning notice and diagram
27.13 Interconnections to other Circuits
27.14 Interconnected system connection
27.15 Loss of interactive system power
27.16 Systems in excess of 750 V dc

12.17 INVERTERS
27.17.1 Maximum circuit loading
27.17.2 Stand-alone systems
27.17.3Utility-interactive inverters mounted in locations that are not readily accessible
27.17.4 Connection to other sources
27.17.5 Ampacity of neutral conductor
27.17.6 Unbalanced interconnections
27.17.7 Utility-interactive point of connection

27.18 STATIONARY FUEL CELL SYSTEMS

27.18.1 Marking
27.18.2 Conductors
27.18.3 Overcurrent protection
27.18.4 Disconnecting means
27.18.5 Wiring methods
27.18.6 Grounding and bonding
27.18.7 Location of Fuel Cells
27.18.8 Outdoor installations
27.18.9 Indoor installations
27.18.10 Electrical equipment

27.19 SMALL WIND SYSTEMS

27.19.1 Marking
27.19.2 Maximum voltage
27.19.3 Conductors
27.19.4 Wiring methods
 27.19.5 Overcurrent protection for apparatus and conductors
27.19.6 Disconnecting means
27.19.7 Grounding and bonding
27.19.8 Lightning protection systems
27.19.9 Diversion load controllers
27.19.10 Surge protective devices
27.19.11 Installation and service of a wind turbine

27.20 LARGE WIND SYSTEMS

27.20.1 Marking
27.20.2 Conductors
27.20.3 Overcurrent protection for apparatus and conductors
27.20.4 Disconnecting means
27.20.5 Grounding and bonding
27.20.6 Lightning protection systems
27.20.7 System demarcation point

27.21 MICRO-HYDROPOWER SYSTEMS

27.21.1 Marking
27.21.2 Conductors
27.21.3 Wiring methods
27.21.4 Overcurrent protection for apparatus and conductors
27.21.5 Disconnecting means
27.21.6 Stand-alone systems
27.21.7 Grounding and bonding

27.22 HYDROKINETIC POWER SYSTEMS

27.22.1 Marking
27.22.2 Conductors
27.22.3 Stand-alone systems
27.22.4 Overcurrent protection for apparatus and conductors
27.22.5 Wiring methods
27.22.6 Disconnecting means
27.22.7 Grounding and bonding
 27.23 STORAGE BATTERIES
27.23.1 Installation
27.23.2 Current limiting
27.23.3 Battery non-conductive cases and conductive racks
27.23.4 Disconnection of series battery circuits
27.23.5 Battery systems of more than 48 V
27.23.6 Battery interconnections
27.23.7 Charge control
27.23.8 Diversion charge controller

SECTION 28: GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS

28.1 Scope ……………………………………………………………………………….462
28.2 Normative references ……………………………………………………………….462
28.3 Definitions ∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙ ……………………………………………………………….462
28.4 Symbols ……………………………………………………………….………….463

Annex A ­ (Informative) ……………………………………………………………….470
Annex B ­ (Informative) ……………………………………………………………….471

Appendices

Appendix I Inspection and testing ……………………………………………………………….A­1
Appendix 2 Forms of completion and inspection certificate ……………………………………….A-9