nanorobotics

By:
A.Chandrika Bhargavi
2451-15-735-169
❑CONTENTS:
 Introduction to Robots
 Robotics
 Nanotechnology
 Nanorobotics
 Types of making Nanorobots
 Working of Nanorobots
 Replacement of heart bypass surgery by Nanorobots
 Applications
 Advantages
 Conclusion
❑ROBOTS:
 It is a mechanical or virtual artificial agent usually an
electromechanical machine that is guided by computer
program or electronic circuitry.
 Examples: ASIMO , TOPIO, Nanorobots, Swarm robots
and Industrial robots.
❖ Types:
1. Walking robots 2. Rolling robots
3. mobile robots 4.Stationary robots
5. Autonomous robots 6. Beam robots
7. Virtual robots 8. Remote control robots
❑ROBOTICS:

 It deals with design, construction, operation and

application of robots and computer systems for their
control, sensory feedback and information processing.
 These technologies deal with automated machines that can
take place of humans in hazardous or manufacturing
processes.
 Today, robotics is rapidly growing field, as we continue to
research, design, and build new robots that serve various
practical purpose.
❑NANOTECHNOLOGY:
 It is the manipulationof matter on an atomic and
molecularscale.
 It workswith materials, devices and other structures
with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100
nanometers.
 With a variety of potential applications,
nanotechnology is a key technology for the future.
❑NANOROBOTICS:
 It is the emerging technology field creating machines or
robots whose components are at or close to the scale of a
nanometer (10-9 meters).
 Nanorobotics refers to the nanotechnology engineering
discipline of designing and building nanorobots, with
devices ranging in size from 0.1–10 micrometers and
constructed of nanoscale or molecular components.
 Other names: nanobots, nanoids, nanites, nano-machines ,
nanomites
❑NANOROBOTS:
 One of the most advanced forms of nano-medicine is
nanorobots. Nanorobots are microscopic devices measured
on the scale of nanometers.

Fig: A design ofnanorobot

with sensors, molecular
sorting rotors and fins
❖ SENSORS:
A sensor (also called detector) is a converter that measures
a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read
by an observer or by an (mostly electronic) instrument.
❖ Molecular sorting rotor:
A class of nanomechanical device capable of selectively binding
(or releasing) molecules from/ to solution, and of transporting
these bound molecules against significant concentration gradients.
❖Fins:
A fin is a surface used for stability and/or to produce lift and
thrust or to steer while traveling in water, air, or other fluid media.
❑TYPES OF MAKING NANOROBOTS:
 1. Nubots
 2. Bacteria based
1. Nubots:
 The first approach is through nubots. Nubot is an abbreviation
for „nucleic acid robots.‟ Nubots are organic molecular
machines at the nanoscale. DNA structure can provide means
to assemble 2D and 3D nanomechanical devices.
2. Bacteria based:
 This approach proposes the use of biological microorganisms,
like the bacterium E- coli. Thus the model uses a flagellum for
propulsion purposes. The uses of electromagnetic fields are
normally applied to control the motion of this kind of
biological integrated device.
WORKING OF NANOROBOTICS:
• when an implantation of a tiny robot into our blood stream. .
The robot detects the cause of the fever, travels to
the appropriate system and provides
a dose of medication directly to the infected area.

.
ELEMENTS:
.
• Carbon is be the principal element comprising the bulk
of a medical nanorobot, probably in
the form of diamond or diamondoid nanocomposites.

• Many other lights elements such as hydrogen, sulphur, oxygen,

nitrogen etc., will be used for the special purpose of in nanoscale
gears and other components.

.
❑ INTRODUCTION TO HEART BYPASS SURGERY:

• It reroutes the blood supply around clogged arteries to improve

blood flow and oxygen to the heart.
• It involves an incision in the middle of the chest and separation
of the breastbone and detouring ,the breastbone is joined using
wire and the incision sewed.
❖ Side effects of normal heart bypass surgery:
1.loss of appetite, constipation
2.swelling in the area from which the segment of blood vessel
was removed
3.fatigue,mood swings, feelings of depression, difficulty
sleeping
4.muscle pain or tightness in the shoulders and upper back
❑ PROPERTIES OF NANOROBOT USED:
 It has 2 spaces-interior and exterior
 An electric motor is attached for it‟s propagation inside
the circulatory system in the blood vessels
 The microprocessor, artery thermometer, camera, rotating
needle are incorporated
 The microprocessor based control unit is used to control
the overall operations of nanorobot
 Radioactive material is used as a part of exterior surface,
which helps to nanorobot at any period of time
 Magnetic switch is used to provide to switch on and off
nanorobot at any point of time
 ❑Introduction of nanorobot into human
body:
The nanorobot gets access into the
body through a large diameter artery
so that it may be without being
too destructive in the first place.

Fig. The robot swims through the arteries

and using a pair of tail appendages
 ❑ Driving of nanorobot to the site of plaque:
•Long range sensors are used to allow
the machine to navigate to the site of
the plaque closely enough so that the
use of short range sensors is practical
•These are used during actual
operations, to allow the device to
distinguish between healthy and
unwanted tissue
• Long-range sensor-Radioactive dye
• Short-range sensors-Arterial
thermometer Fig: Nanorobot detecting
the site of plaque
•Device for monitoring the whole
operation-TV camera
❑ Source of power and means of recovery:
• The nuclear power is carried onboard to supply required
amount of energy for the operation of the device
• After the nanorobot has removed the plaque, and its function is
over, it has to be removed from the body. This can be made
possible by guiding the nanorobot to anchor a blood vessel that
is easily accessible from outside, and perform a small surgical
operation to remove it.

Fig. Removal of nanorobot

From the body
❑APPLICATIONS:
 Atomic force microscope
 Nano macro/microscale robots
 Nanomachines
 Toxicity detectors
 Single molecule car
 Nubots
 Medicine
 Dentistry
 Diagnosis and treatment of Diabetes
Advantages:
• Rapid elimination of disease. .

• The microscopic size of nanomachines translates into high

operational speed.

• Faster and more precise diagnosis.

• Non-degradation of treatment agents.

• The major advantage of nanorobots is thought
to be their durability, in theory, they can remain operationl for
• years, decades or centuries.
.
 ❑CONCLUSION:
➢ From this seminar report we conclude that, NANOROBOTICS is
one of the emerging fields in technology and robotics. Nanorobotics is
the technology of creating machines or robots at or close to the scale of
a nanometer (10-9 meters).
➢ More specifically, nanorobotics refers to the still largely theoretical
nanotechnology engineering discipline of designing and building
nanorobots. Nanorobots (nanobots or nanoids) are typically devices
constructed of nanoscale or molecular components.
➢ This describes the design of nanorobots and application of nanorobot
in heart bypass surgery that involves so many risks to the patient.
However, no matter how highly trained the specialists may be, surgery
can still be dangerous. So nanorobot is not only the safest but also fast
and better technique to remove the plaque deposited on the internal
walls of arteries. This is also an efficient method to remove these hard
plaques without any surgical procedure involved.
REFERENCES:
▪ Nocks, Lisa (2007). The robot : the life story of a technology. .
Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.
▪ J.Dutta, H.Hofmann, in Encyclopedia of Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology, ed. H.S. Nalwa, American Scientific
Publishers: USA, 2003, vol. X, pp 1-23.
▪ R.A. Freitas,Clottocytes: artificial mechanical platelets; 41,
Foresight Inc,2000.
▪ V.V. Balzani, A. Credi, F.M. Raymo, J.F. Stoddart, Artificial
Molecular Machines,AngewChem,2000, 39, 3348-3391

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Thank you