MCH- Petroleum Training & Consulting

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Well Testing Analysis Exercises

Exercise N°1: Oil Well Testing Pressure Draw Down Analysis

An oil well has been produced at a constant rate of 475 STBO/D. During the flow period,
bottom-hole pressures were recorded as tabulated below.
Using conventional techniques (based on pressure) estimate:
1. Permeability,
2. Skin factor,
3. Productivity index and flow efficiency.
The following rock and fluid properties are known:
Pi = 2733 psia rw = 3.2 in
h = 16 ft Ø = 18%
q = 475 STBO/D µo = 1.2 cp
Bo = 1.229 bbl/STB ct = 26.4x10-5psi-1

Flowing time Δt (hrs) pwf (psi) Flowing time Δt (hrs) pwf (psi)
0 2733 5 2312
0.1 2703 7 2293
0.2 2672 9.6 2291
0.3 2644 12 2290
0.4 2616 16.8 2287
0.65 2553 33.6 2282
1 2500 50 2279
1.5 2440 72 2276
2 2398 85 2274
3 2353 100 2272
4 2329
Answer:
1. m = -18 psi/cycle
2. Pwf(Δt = 1hr) = 2300 psia
3. ko = 395.5 mD
4. S = 22
5. ΔPs = 344 psia
6. IPactual = 1.03 B/D/psi
7. IPideal = 4.0 B/D/psi
8. FE = 25%

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Exercise N°2: Oil Well Testing Pressure Build Up Analysis
Table below shows pressure buildup data from an oil well with an estimated drainage radius
of 2,640 ft. Before shut in the well, it had produced at stabilized rate of 4,900 STB/D for 310
hours. Known reservoir data are:
Depth = 10,476 ft Ø = 0.09
Pwf(Δt = 0) = 2,761 psig µ = 0.2 cp
h = 482 ft Boi = 1.55 rb/stb
rw = (4.25/12) ft ct = 22.6x10-6/psi
casing ID = (6.276/12)ft
Δt (hrs) Psw (psi)) Δt (hrs) psw (psi)
0.00 2761 3.46 3286
0.10 3057 4.08 3289
0.21 3153 5.03 3293
0.31 3234 5.97 3297
0.52 3249 6.07 3297
0.63 3256 7.01 3300
0.73 3260 8.06 3303
0.84 3263 9.00 3305
0.94 3266 10.05 3306
1.05 3267 13.09 3310
1.15 3268 16.02 3313
1.36 3271 20.00 3317
1.68 3274 26.07 3320
1.99 3276 31.03 3322
2.51 3280 34.98 3323
3.04 3283 37.54 3323

1. Calculate (t+Δt)/Δt and Log[(t+Δt)/Δt].

2. What is the initial reservoir pressure?
3. If the well is completed across the entire formation thickness, calculate the effective
permeability.
4. Calculate the value of the mechanical skin factor.
5. What is the additional pressure drop in the wellbore due to the skin?
6. Calculate the Flow Efficiency

Answer

1. m = 40 psig/cycle
2. k = 12.8 md
3. Pi = 3342
4. S = 8.6
5. ΔPskin = 300 psi
6. FE = 0.48

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Exercise N°3: Oil Well Testing Pressure Build Up Analysis
A DST was performed in an appraisal well during which it produced a cumulative of 5320 stb
of oil, the final rate being 3500 stb/d. Through-out the flow period, the pressure declined
continuously as a function of time. The well was then closed-in down-hole for 29 hour
pressure buildup and resulting static pressure and time data during this period are listed in the
below table. The remainder of the data required to analyze the buildup are as follows:
Pi = 3460 psia Pws(Δt = 0) = 2970 psia
-6
ct = 17x10 /psi -1 Ø = 0.25
Boi = 1.30 rb/stb µo = 1.0 cp
h = 25 ft rw = 0.510 ft

Closed in time Δt (hrs) psw (psia) Closed in time Δt (hrs) psw (psia)
0.000 2970.0 9.050 3401.2
0.050 3284.1 10.050 3403.6
0.117 3310.6 11.050 3405.7
0.183 3321.9 12.050 3408.0
0.250 3329.1 13.117 3410.0
0.317 3333.6 14.050 3411.6
0.383 3337.1 15.050 3413.3
0.450 3340.3 16.050 3414.9
0.650 3347.5 17.050 3416.3
0.850 3352.8 18.050 3417.6
1.050 3357.1 20.050 3420.1
1.250 3360.6 21.050 3421.2
1.517 3364.2 22.050 3422.3
2.050 3370.0 23.050 3423.3
2.517 3374.1 24.050 3424.2
3.050 3377.9 25.050 3425.1
4.050 3383.8 26.050 3426.0
5.050 3388.8 27.050 3426.8
6.050 3392.4 28.050 3427.6
7.050 3395.4 29.000 3428.3
8.050 3398.5 - -

1. Calculate tp and (tp+Δt)/Δt.

2. Using semi-log paper, plot pwsVs. log10[(t+Δt)/Δt].
3. From the plot pwsVs. log10[(t+Δt)/Δt], calculate the slope of the first straight line m1.
4. From m1 = 162.6qoBoµo/kh, estimate the permeability k.
5. From the first straight line, extrapolate P1hr.
6. Calculate the Skin Factor S = 1.15[(P1hr – Pws(Δt = 0))/m – log(k/Фµctrw2) + 3.23].
7. What is the additional pressure drop in the wellbore due to the skin ΔPskin = 0.87mS?
8. Calculate the Flow Efficiency FE = (Pi - Pws(Δt = 0) - ΔPskin)/( Pi - Pws(Δt = 0)).
9. A limit effect is observed on the plot pwsVs. log10[(t+Δt)/Δt], and represented by a
second straight line. Calculate the slope m2 of the second straight line. What represents
this limit effect?
10. Calculate the distance of this limit effect from the well, using the equation:

1/ 2
 0.000148kt x 
L   
 ct 
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Answer:
m1 = -45 psi/cycle; m2 = -90 psi/cycle; Ko = 658 mD
P1hr = 3427 psia, S = 3.5; ΔPs = 137 psia
P* = 3460 psia; IPa = 7.1 B/D/psi; IPi = 9.9 B/D/psi
d = 390 ft.

Exercise N°4: Gas Well Testing

A dry gas well was tested at various flow rates with back pressure tests:
q = Flow rate (Mscfd) Pwf = Bottom hole pressure (psia)
Shut in 3150
1500 3142
2400 3138
3000 3133
4200 3119
Calculate C, n and the AOF
Answer:
C = 3,236
N = 0,589
AOF = 42795 MMscf/d

Exercise N°5: Gas Well Testing

A dry gas well was tested at various flow rates with back pressure tests:
q = Flow rate (Mscfd) Pwf = Bottom hole pressure (psia)
Shut in 3120
7800 2870
10590 2750
13960 2588
17615 2389
1. Using the log-log plot of (Pi – Pwf )vs. determine n and C for the equation: q = C(Pi2-
2 2

Pwf2)n
2. Give the AOFP of the well at Pwf = 0.
3. The well is flowed at 25% of the AOFP. In this case, what is the bottom hole pressure?
4. The reservoir pressure declines to 2980 psia, what is the new AOFP? Assume n and C in
the back pressure equation remain constant.

Answer:
1. n = 0.8236, C = 0.064; Finally q = 0.064(Pi2 – Pwf2)0.8236
2. AOFP = 36.4 MMscufd
3. Pwf = 2815 psi when producing at 25% AOFP
4. New AOFP = 33.8 MMscfd with Pr = 2980 psi

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Exercise N°6: Reservoir Gradient Pressure
An MDT was run in the well X. The data of this MDT are as follows:
Depth (m) Pressure (psia) Depth (m) Pressure (psia)
X,472 6842 X,529 6854
X,476 6843 X,534 6855
X,499 6847 X,538 6857
X,503 6848 X,541 6858
X,506 6849 X,551 6862
X,508 6850 X,554 6863
X,520 6852 X,558 6865
X,524 6853 X,564 6868
1. Determine the different fluids in the reservoir.
2. Determine the different contacts (GOC, WOC).
Answer
1. Oil (0.656 g/cm3)
2. Water (1.217 g/cm3)
3. OWC = X,535.5 m

g/cm3 = psia/m/1.422