MOTION, VARIATION, PERCENT, MISCELLANEOUS walks along the circumference and Ken towards the center, find

their distance after 10 minutes.

PROBLEMS a. 193 𝑚 c. 241 𝑚
B 1. Nonoy left Pikit to drive to Davao at 6:15 PM and arrived at b. 202 𝑚 d. 258 𝑚
11:45 PM. If he averaged 30 mph and stopped 1 hour for dinner,
how far is Davao from Pikit? D 7. Two ferry boats ply back and forth across a river with constant
a. 128 c. 160 but different speeds, turning at the riverbanks without loss of
b. 135 d. 256 time. They leave the opposite shores at the same instant, meet
for the first time 900 meters from one shore, and meet for the
A 2. A man fires a target 420 m away and hears the bullet strike 2 second time 500 meters from the opposite shore. What is the
seconds after he pulled the trigger. An observer 525 m away width of the river?
from the target and 455 m from the man heard the bullet strike a. 1500 𝑚 c. 2000 𝑚
the target one second after he heard the report of the rifle. Find b. 1700 𝑚 d. 2200 𝑚
the velocity of the bullet.
a. 𝑚 c. 350 𝑚 C 8. A boat takes 2/3 as much time to travel downstream from C to
525 D, as to return. If the rate of the river’s current is 8 kph, what is
𝑠 𝑠
b. 𝑚 d. 𝑚 the speed of the boat in still water?
360 336
𝑠 𝑠 a. 38 c. 40
A 3. A man travels in a motorized banca at the rate of 12 kph from b. 39 d. 41
his barrio to the población and come back to his barrio at the D 9. A man rows downstream at the rate of 5 mph and upstream at
rate of 10 kph. If his total time of travel back and forth is 3 hours the rate of 2 mph. how far downstream should he go if he is to
and 10 minutes, the distance from the barrio to the población return 7/4 hours after leaving?
is: a. 2 𝑚𝑖 c. 3 𝑚𝑖
a. 17.27 𝑘𝑚 c. 12.77 𝑘𝑚 b. 3.5 𝑚𝑖 d. 2.5 𝑚𝑖
b. 17.72 𝑘𝑚 d. 17.32 𝑘𝑚
A 10. A jogger starts a course at a steady rate of 8 kph. Five minutes
B 4. It takes Michael 60 seconds to run around a 440-yard track. How later, a second jogger the same course at 10 kph. How long will
long does it take Jordan to run around the track if they meet in it take for the second jogger to catch the first?
32 seconds after they start together in a race around the track a. 20 𝑚𝑖𝑛 c. 30 𝑚𝑖𝑛
in opposite directions? b. 25 𝑚𝑖𝑛 d. 15 𝑚𝑖𝑛
a. 58.76 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 c. 65.87 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠
b. 68.57 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 d. 86.57 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠 A 11. At 2:00 PM, an airplane takes off at 340 mph on an aircraft-
carrier. The aircraft carrier moves due south at 25 kph in the
A 5. Juan can walk from his home to his office at the rate of 5 mph same direction as the plane. At 4:05 PM, the communication
and back at the rate of 2 mph. What is his average speed in between the plane and the aircraft carrier was lost. Determine
mph? the communication range in miles between the plane and the
a. 2.86 c. 4.12 carrier.
b. 3.56 d. 5.89 a. 656 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 c. 557 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
D 6. Kim and Ken traveled at the same time at the rate of 20 m/min, b. 785 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 d. 412 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
from the same point on a circular track of radius 600 m. If Kim
 B 12. A boat going across a lake 8 km wide proceed 2 km at a certain the length of the cable 75 mm in a diameter with resistance of
speed and then completes the trip at a speed ½ kph faster. By 1/6 ohm.
doing this, the boat arrives 10 minutes earlier than if the original a. 6000 𝑚 c. 8000 𝑚
speed had been maintained. Find the original speed of the boat. b. 7000 𝑚 d. 9000 𝑚
a. 2 𝑘𝑝ℎ c. 9 𝑘𝑝ℎ
𝑘𝐿
b. 4 𝑘𝑝ℎ d. 5 𝑘𝑝ℎ 𝑅=
𝐷2
D 13. Given that w varies directly as the product of x and y and 𝑘(600)
0.1 =
inversely as the square of z and that w=4 when x=2, y=6, and 252
z=3. Find w when x=1, y=4, and z=2. 𝑘 = 0.104157
a. 4 c. 1
b. 2 d. 3 1 0.104157𝐿
=
𝑘𝑥𝑦 6 752
𝑤= 𝑳 = 𝟗𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎
𝑧2
When w=4, x=2, y=6, z=3:
𝑘 (2)(6) B 16. The electrical resistance offered by an electric wire varies
4= directly as the length and inversely as the square of the
32
𝑘=3 diameter of the wire. Compare the electrical resistance offered
by two pieces of wire of the same material, one being 100 m
long and 5 mm in diameter, and the other is 50 m long and 33
3(1)(4)
𝑤= =𝟑 mm in a diameter.
2 a. 𝑅1 = 0.57𝑅2 c. 𝑅1 = 0.84𝑅2
b. 𝑅1 = 0.72𝑅2 d. 𝑅1 = 0.95𝑅2
C 14. If x varies directly as y and inversely as z, and x=14 when y=4
and z=2, find x when z=4 and y=16 𝑘𝐿
𝑅=
a. 14 c. 16 𝐷2
b. 4 d. 8 𝑘 (100)
𝑅1 2
𝑦 = 5 = 0.72
𝑥 = 𝑘( ) 𝑅2 𝑘(50)
𝑧 32
7
14 = 𝑘 ( ) 𝑹𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟐𝑹𝟐
2
𝑘=4
D 17. The time required for an elevator to lift a weight varies directly
16 with the weight and the distance through which it is to be lifted
𝑥 = 4( ) = 𝟏𝟔 and inversely as the power of the motors. If it takes 20 seconds
4
for a 5-hp motor to lift 50 lbs. through 40 feet, what weight can
D 15. The electrical resistance of a cable varies directly as its length an 80-hp motor lift through a distance of 40 feet within 30
and inversely as the square of its diameter. If a cable 600 meters seconds?
long and 25 mm in a diameter has a resistance of 0.1 ohm, find a. 1000 𝑙𝑏𝑠. c. 1175 𝑙𝑏𝑠.
b. 1150 𝑙𝑏𝑠. d. 1200 𝑙𝑏𝑠.
 𝑘𝑊𝑆 Then;
𝑡=
𝑃 900 = 𝑥 + 10000𝑐
𝑘 (50)(40) 𝑥 = 900 − 10000𝑐 (𝐸𝑞. 1)
20 =
5 1000 = 𝑥 + 12000𝑐 (𝐸𝑞. 2)
𝑘 = 0.05
1000 = (900 − 10000𝑐 ) + 12000𝑐
05𝑊 (40) 𝑐 = 0.05; 𝑥 = 400
30 = 0.
80
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑦 = 400 + 0.05 ∗ 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑾 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃𝒔
2000 = 400 + 0.05 ∗ 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑺𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒔 = 𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎
A 18. The time required by an elevator to lift a weight, vary directly
with the weight and the distance through which it is to be lifted C 20. A man sold 100 eggs. Eighty of them were sold at a profit of 30%
and inversely as the power of the motor. If it takes 30 seconds while the rest were sold at a loss of 40%. What is the percentage
for a 10-hp motor to lift 100 lbs. through 50 feet, what size of gain or loss on the whole stock?
motor is required to lift 800 lbs. in 40 seconds through a a. 14% c. 16%
distance of 40 feet? b. 15% d. 17%
a. 48 ℎ𝑝 c. 56 ℎ𝑝
b. 50 ℎ𝑝 d. 58 ℎ𝑝 𝑥 = 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑒𝑔𝑔; 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 100𝑥
𝑘𝑊𝑑 𝑘𝑊𝐷
𝑡= 𝑜𝑟 𝑃 = Income for 80 eggs: 80(𝑥 + 0.3𝑥) = 104𝑥
𝑃 𝑡 Income for 20 eggs: 20(𝑥 − 0.4𝑥) = 12𝑥
𝑘(100)(50)
30 = Total sales: 104𝑥 + 12𝑥 = 116𝑥
10
𝑘 = 0.06 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 − 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 116𝑥 − 100𝑥 = 16𝑥
16𝑥
𝟎𝟔(𝟖𝟎𝟎)(𝟒𝟎) 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 = ∗ 100%
𝑷 = 𝟎. = 𝟒𝟖 𝒉𝒑 100𝑥
𝟒𝟎 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒈𝒂𝒊𝒏 = 𝟏𝟔%

C 19. In a certain department store, the monthly salary of a saleslady D 21. The population of the country increases 5% each year. Find the
is partly constant and varies as the value of her sales for the percentage it will increase in three years.
month. When the value of her sales for the month is P10,000.00, a. 5% c. 15.15%
her salary for that month is P900.00. When her sales go up to b. 15% d. 15.76%
P12,000.00, her monthly salary goes up to P1,000.00. What
must be the value of her sales for the month so that her salary 𝑥 = 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑃ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠
for that month will be P2,000.00. 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 1𝑠𝑡 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 𝑥 + 0.05 = 1.05𝑥
a. 𝑃25,000.00 c. 𝑃32,000.00 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 2𝑛𝑑 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 1.05𝑥 + 0.05(1.05𝑥 ) = 1.1025𝑥
b. 𝑃28,000.00 d. 𝑃36,000.00 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 3𝑟𝑑 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 1.1025𝑥 + 0.05(1.1025𝑥) = 1.157625𝑥
𝑥 = 𝑓𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑦; 𝑐 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 ∗ 𝑐 The population increased by 0.1576 𝑜𝑟 𝟏𝟓. 𝟕𝟔%
 By selling it as P5,050, Kim gains P50.00
Another solution: (Geometric progression) 50
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 = ∗ 100% = 𝟏%
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1 ; 𝑟 = 1.05 5,000
𝑃3 = 𝑥(1.05)3
D 25. By selling balut at P5.00 each, a vendor gains 20%. The cost price
𝑷𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓𝟕𝟔𝟐𝟓𝒙
of egg rises by 12.5%. If he sells the balut at the same price as
before, find his new gain in percent.
C 22. Pedro bought two cars, one for P600,000.00 and the other for a. 7.5% c. 8%
P400,000.00. He sold the first at a gain of 10% and the second b. 5% d. 6.25%
at a loss of 12%. What was his total percentage gain or loss?
a. 6% 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 c. 1.20% 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑔𝑔
b. 0% gain d. 6% 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
By selling the balut at P5.00 he gains 20% (of x), then
𝐺𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑟 = 10%(600,000) = 60,000 0.2𝑥 = 5 − 𝑥
𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑟 = 12%(400,000) = 48,000 𝑥 = 4.1667 (𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑔𝑔)
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 = 60,000 − 48,000 = 12,000 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑔𝑔 = 𝑥 + 12.5%𝑥 = 4.6876
12,000
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 = ∗ 100% = 𝟏. 𝟐% By selling it at the same price of P5.00, his gain is
600,000 + 400,000
5 − 4.6875 = 0.3125
B 23. A grocery owner raises the prices of his goods by 10%. Then he
. 3125
starts his Christmas sale by offering the customers a 10% 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 = ∗ 100% = 𝟔. 𝟐𝟓%
discount. How many percent of discount does the customers 5
actually get?
D 26. The enrollment of a college A and college B both grew up by 8%
a. 𝑁𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 c. 9% 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡
from 1980 to 1985. If the enrollment in college A grew up by
b. 1% 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 d. 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑦 1% 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒
800 and the enrollment in college B grew up by 840, the
𝑥 = 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑜𝑜𝑑𝑠 enrollment at college B was how much greater than the
𝑅𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 𝑥 + 10%𝑥 = 1.1𝑥 enrollment in college A in 1985?
𝐶ℎ𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 1.1𝑥 − 10% = 0.99𝑥 = 99%𝑥 a. 650 c. 483
b. 504 d. 540
The customers got 𝟏% 𝑥 = 𝑒𝑛𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑒 𝐴 𝑖𝑛 1980
𝑦 = 𝑒𝑛𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑒 𝐵 𝑖𝑛 1980
C 24. Kim sold a watch for P3,500.00 at a loss of 30% on the cost price.
Find the corresponding loss or gain if he sold it for P5,050.00 Growth in enrollment in college A in 1985
a. 1% 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 c. 1% 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
0.8𝑥 = 800
b. 10% 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 d. 10% 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑥 = 10000
𝑥 = 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ
𝑥 − 30%𝑥 = 3,500 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑒 𝐴 𝑖𝑛 1985 = 10000 + 800 = 10,800
𝑥 = 5,000
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑡ℎ 𝑒𝑛𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑒 𝐵 𝑖𝑛 1985 = 0.8𝑦 = 840 B 29. A certain Xerox copier produces 13 copies every 10 seconds. If
𝑦 = 10,500 the machine operates without interruption, how many copies
will it produce in an hour?
10,500 a. 780 c. 1825
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑒 𝐴 𝑖𝑛 1985 = = 11,340 b. 46800 d. 4680
840
𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 = 13 ∗ 3600 = 𝟒𝟔, 𝟖𝟎𝟎
College B is greater than A by 11,340 − 10,800 = 𝟓𝟒𝟎 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 ℎ𝑟

A 27. A group consists of n boys and n girls. If two of the boys are C 30. At a certain printing plant, each of the machines prints 6
replaced by two other girls then 49% of the group members will newspapers every second. If all machines work together but
be boys. Find the value of n. independently without interruption, how many minutes will it
a. 100 c. 50 take to print the entire run of 18000 newspapers? (Hint: x=no.
b. 49 d. 51 of machines)
a. 50𝑥 c. 50
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑦𝑠 = 𝑛; 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑙𝑠 = 𝑛; 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜. = 2𝑛 𝑥
b. 3000 d. 3000𝑥
If 2 boys were replaced with 2 girls, then the no. of boys is 𝑛 − 2 𝑥
𝑥 = 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠
Percent boys:
𝑛−2
= 49% = 0.49 Time for one machine to run 18,000 newspapers:
2𝑛
𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 1𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 1𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 18000 𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠 ∗ ∗ = 50 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
6𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟 60𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠
C 28. On his Christmas Sale, a merchant marked a pair of slippers
P180.00, which is 20% off the normal retail price. If the retails
For x machines, the no. of minutes is 𝟓𝟎/𝒙
price is 50% higher than the wholesale price, what is the
wholesale price of the slipper?
a. 𝑃180.00 c. 𝑃150.00 A 31. A manufacturing firm maintains one product assembly line to
produce signal generators. Weekly demand for the generators
b. 𝑃170.00 d. 𝑃220.50
is 35 units. The line operates for 7 hours per day, 5 days per
𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 180.00 = 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 − 20% 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 week. What is the maximum production time per unit in hours
180 = .80 ∗ 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 required for the line to meet the demand?
𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 225 a. 1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 c. 3 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
b. 0.75 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 d. 2.25 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 𝑊ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 + 50% ∗ 𝑊ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒
225 = 1.5 ∗ 𝑊ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 35
𝑊ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎. 𝟎𝟎 𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘
ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘 = 7(5) = 35
𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘
 35ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑄
𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝐼 = 𝑄 − ( )𝑡
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 = 𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘 𝟏 𝐴
35𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕
𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘
C 34. A merchant has 3 items on sale: namely, a radio for P50, a clock
C 32. Of the 316 people watching a movie, there are 78 more children for P30, and a flashlight for P1. At the end of the day, she has
than women and 56 more women than men. The no. of men in sold a total of 100 of the three items and has taken exactly
the movie house is: P1000 on the total sales. How many radios did he sell?
a. 176 c. 42 a. 80 c. 16
b. 98 d. 210 b. 4 d. 20

Let x, y, and z be the no. of men, women, and children 𝑥 = 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑦 = 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 316 (𝐸𝑞. 1)
𝑧 = 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑠ℎ𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑧 = 𝑦 + 78 (𝐸𝑞. 2)
𝑦 = 𝑥 + 56 (𝐸𝑞. 3) 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 100; 𝑧 = 100 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 (𝐸𝑞. 1)
50𝑥 + 30𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1000 (𝐸𝑞. 2)
𝑧 = 𝑥 + 56 + 78 = 𝑥 + 134
50𝑥 + 30𝑦 + 100 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1000
49𝑥 + 29𝑦 = 900
𝑥 + (𝑥 + 56) + (𝑥 + 134) = 316
𝒙 = 𝟒𝟐
Solve for x and y be series of trials using the four choices, the only possible
answer is x=16, which yields a value of y of 4 which is a whole no.
D 33. A certain department store has an inventory of Q units of a
certain product at time t=0. The store sells the product at a C 35. The price of 8 calculators ranges from P200 to P1000. If their
steady rate of Q/A units per week, and exhausts the inventory average price is P950, what is the lowest possible price of any
in A weeks. The amount of product in inventory at any time t is: one of the calculators?
a. 𝑄 c. 𝑄
𝑄 − ( )𝑡 𝑄𝑡 − a. 500 c. 600
𝐴 𝐴 b. 550 d. 650
b. 𝑄 d. 𝑄
𝑄 + ( )𝑡 𝑄𝑡 − ( ) 𝑡
𝐴 𝐴 The lowest price of any one of the calculators occurs when the rest (7) costs
𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 = 𝑄 P1000.
𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
Inventory at any time t: (1000 ∗ 7) + 𝑥
𝐴𝑣𝑒 = = 950
𝑄 8
𝐼 = 𝑄 − ( ) 𝑡 + 𝐶; 𝐶 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝒙 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝐴

When t=A, I=0 C 36. A deck of 52 playing cards is cut into two piles. The first pile
contains 7 times as many black cards as red cards. The second
𝑄
0 = 𝑄 − ( ) 𝐴 + 𝐶; 𝐶 = 0 pile contains the no. of red cards that is a exact multiple as the
𝐴 no. of black cards. How many cards are there in the first pile.
 a. 14 c. 16 𝑃0 𝑡
= 3𝑃0 − 𝑃0
b. 15 d. 17 30
𝑡 = 60 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
In a deck of 52 playing cards, 26 are black and 26 are red.
𝑥 = 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒
𝑦 = 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒 Thus, the population is triple in the year 1997 + 60 = 2027
𝑥 = 7𝑦
C 38. Determine the unit’s digit in the expansion of 3855
For the second pile: a. 3 c. 7
𝐵𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 = 26 − 𝑥 = 26 − 7𝑦 b. 9 d. 1
𝑅𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 = 26 − 𝑦
Remainder Unit’s Digit
1 5
Since the no. of red cards is an exact multiple of the no. of black, the ratio of 3 =3 3 = 243 1 3
Red to Black must be a whole no., 32 = 9 36 = 729 2 9
26 − 𝑦 3 7
3 = 27 3 = 2187 3 7
= 𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑛𝑜.
26 − 7𝑦 34 = 81 38 = 6561 None 1
Note: The unit’s digit is either 3, 9, 7, or 1 and is repeated in every exponent
By trial and error, y=2 (only this value will give a whole no.) interval of 4.
𝑥 = 7 ∗ 2 = 14 855 3
= 213.75 𝑜𝑟 213
4 4
Therefore, there are 14 + 2 = 𝟏𝟔 cards in the first pile. 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒈𝒊𝒕 𝒊𝒔 𝟕

B 37. The population of the Philippines doubled in the last 30 years

C 39. Find the 1987th digit in the decimal equivalent of 1785/9999
from 1967 to 1997. Assuming that the rate of population
starting from the decimal point.
increase will remain the same in what year will the population
a. 1 c. 8
triple?
b. 7 d. 5
a. 2030 c. 2021
b. 2027 d. 2025 1785
= 0.178517851785 …
The general equation: 𝑃 = 𝑃0 + 𝑟𝑡, where P is the population at any time t, Po is the
9999
Notice that the digits (1, 7, 8, and 5) are repeated every interval of four (4).
initial population and r is the rate of increase
To get the nth digit, we divide n by 4 and get the remainder. If the remainder
For 30 years (1967 to 1997), 𝑃 = 2𝑃0 is 1, the answer is 1, if 2 the answer is 7, if 3 the answer is 8 and if there are is
𝑃 = 𝑃0 + 𝑟(30) = 2𝑃0 no remainder the answer is 5.
𝑃0 1987 3
𝑃0 = 30𝑟; 𝑟 = = 496 ; 𝑡ℎ𝑒 1987𝑡ℎ 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝟖
30 4 4

A 40. Find the sum of all positive integral factors of 2048.

Then,
𝑃0 a. 4095 c. 4560
𝑃 = 𝑃0 + ( ) 𝑡 = 3𝑃0 b. 3065 d. 1254
30
The factors are: 1x2048; 2x1024; 4x512; 8x256; 16x128; 32x64
C 44. An engineer was told that survey had been made on a certain
𝑆𝑢𝑚 = 1 + 2048 + 2 + 1024 + 4 + 512 + 8 + 256 + 16 + 128 + 32
+ 64 = 𝟒𝟎𝟗𝟓 rectangular field but the dimensions had been lost. An assistant
remembered that if the field had been 100 ft longer and 25
C 41. In how many ways can two integers be selected from the nos. narrower, the area would have been increased by 2500 sq. ft.,
1, 2, 3, …, 50 so that their difference is exactly 5? and that if it had been 100 ft shorter and 50 ft wider, the area
a. 50 c. 45 would have been decreased 5000 sq. ft. What was the area of
b. 5 d. 41 the field?
a. 25,000 𝑓𝑡 2 c. 20,000 𝑓𝑡 2
The choices are as follows: 2 d. 22,000 𝑓𝑡 2
b. 15,000 𝑓𝑡
6−1 = 5
𝑥 = 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ; 𝑦 = 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ; 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 = 𝑥𝑦
7−2 = 5 (𝑥 + 100)(𝑦 − 25) = 𝑥𝑦 + 2500
8−3 = 5 𝑥𝑦 − 25𝑥 + 100𝑦 − 2500 = 𝑥𝑦 + 2500
……… 𝑥 = 4𝑦 − 200 (𝐸𝑞. 1)
50 − 45 = 5
(𝑥 − 100)(𝑦 + 50) = 𝑥𝑦 − 5000
𝑥𝑦 + 50𝑥 − 100𝑦 − 5000 = 𝑥𝑦 − 5000
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝟒𝟓 𝒘𝒂𝒚𝒔
𝑥 = 2𝑦 (𝐸𝑞. 2)
D 42. A box contains 8 white balls, 15 green balls, 6 black balls, 8 red 4𝑦 − 200 = 2𝑦
balls, and 13 yellow balls. How many balls must be drawn to 𝑦 = 100; 𝑥 = 200
ensure that there will be 3 balls of the same color?
a. 8 c. 10 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅 = 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟐𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒇𝒕𝟐
b. 9 d. 11
There are 5 different colors in the box. The worst case to happen is when in A 45. A 10-meter tape is 5 mm short. What is the correct length in
each draw, different colors will be picked. So, in 5 draws there will be on of meters?
a. 9.995 𝑚 c. 9.95 𝑚
each color, in 10 draws there will be two of each color. Therefore; the 11th
b. 10.05 𝑚 d. 10.005 𝑚
draw will ensure that there will be three balls of the same color (either white,
5
green, black, red, or yellow). The correct length is 10 − 1000 = 9.995 𝑚

B 43. A shoe store sells 10 different sizes of shoes, each in both high- D 46. The distance between two points measured with a steel tape
cut and low-cut variety, each either rubber or leather, and was recorded as 916.58 ft. Later, the tape was checked and
each with white or black color. How many different kinds of found to be only 99.9 ft long. What is the true distance between
shoes does he sell? the points?
a. 64 c. 72 a. 935.66 𝑓𝑡 c. 955.66 𝑓𝑡
b. 80 d. 92 b. 966.15 𝑓𝑡 d. 915.66 𝑓𝑡
The total no. of kinds of shoes sold is:
𝑁 = (2)(2)(2)(10) = 𝟖𝟎
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑀𝐷 = 916.58 𝑓𝑡 1256.271
𝑇𝐷 = 1256.271 + (0.022) ( ) = 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟔. 𝟓𝟒𝟕 𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒕
𝑀𝐷 100
𝑇𝐷 = 𝑀𝐷 + 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑀𝐷 + 𝑒𝑁; 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑁 =
𝐿𝑇
(0.01)916.58 B 49. The standard deviation of the nos. 1, 4, 7 is:
𝑇𝐷 = 916.58 + = 𝟗𝟏𝟓. 𝟔𝟔 𝒇𝒕 a. 2.3567 c. 3.2256
100
b. 2.4495 d. 3.8876
C 47. A certain steel tape is known to be 100.00 feet long at a
temperature of 70 °𝐹. When the tape is at a temperature o 1
𝑆𝐷 = √ ∑(𝑣 − 𝑣𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 )2
10 °𝐹, what tape reading corresponds to a distance of 90 ft? 𝑛−1
5.833𝑥10−6 1+4+7
Coefficient of linear expansion of the tape is °𝐹
𝑣𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = =4
3
a. 85.931 c. 90.031
b. 88.031 d. 93.031
1
𝑒 = 𝐾𝐿0 (𝑇 − 𝑇0 ) = 5.833𝑥10−6 (100)(10 − 70) 𝑆𝐷 = √ ∑[(1 − 4)2 + (4 − 4)2 + (7 − 4)2 ] = 𝟑
3−1
𝑒 = 0.035 𝑓𝑡 𝑜𝑟 0.035 𝑓𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑜 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡
C 50. Three cities are connected by roads forming a triangle, all of
𝑀𝐷 different lengths. It is 30 km around the circuit. One of the roads
𝑇𝐷 = 𝑀𝐷 + 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 𝑀𝐷 + 𝑒𝑁; 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑁 =
𝐿𝑇 is 10 km long and the longest is 10 km longer than the shortest.
𝑀𝐷 What is the length of the longest road?
90 = 𝑀𝐷 + (−0.035)
100 a. 5 𝑘𝑚 c. 15 𝑘𝑚
𝑴𝑫 = 𝟗𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟏 𝒇𝒕 b. 10 𝑘𝑚 d. 20 𝑘𝑚
𝑥 = 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑑; 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 𝑥 + 10
C 48. A line was measured with a steel tape when the temperature 𝑥 + (𝑥 + 10) + 10 = 30
was 30°𝐶. The measured length of the line was found to be 𝑥 = 5 𝑘𝑚; 𝑥 + 10 = 𝟏𝟓 𝒌𝒎
1,256,271 ft. The tape was afterwards tested when the
temperature was 10°𝐶 and it was found to be 100.042 feet long.
What was the true length of the line if the coefficient of PROGRESSION, MATRIX, DETERMINANT, VENN
expansion of the tape was 0.000011 per °𝐶? DIAGRAM
a. 1,275.075 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡 c. 1,256.547 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡
D 1. How many terms of the sequence -9, -6, -3, … must be taken so
b. 1,375,575 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡 d. 1,249.385 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡
that the sum is 66?
𝑒 = 𝐾𝐿0 (𝑇 − 𝑇0 ) = 0.000011(100.042)(30 − 10) a. 13 c. 4
𝑒 = 0.022 𝑓𝑡 (𝑡𝑜𝑜 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔) b. 12 d. 11

𝑀𝐷
𝑇𝐷 = 𝑀𝐷 + 𝑒𝑁 = 𝑀𝐷 + 𝑒 ( )
𝐿𝑇
 𝑛
66 = (2(−9) + (𝑛 − 1)3) B 7. The first term of an arithmetic progression is 6 and the 10th term
2
𝒏 = 𝟏𝟏 is 3 times the second term. What is the common difference?
a. 1 c. 3
D 2. The sum of the progression 5, 8, 11, 14 … is 1025. How many b. 2 d. 4
terms are there? 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
a. 22 c. 24 𝑎10 = 6 + (10 − 1)𝑑 = 6 + 9𝑑
b. 23 d. 25 𝑎2 = 6 + (2 − 1)𝑑 = 6 + 𝑑
𝑎1 = 5; 𝑑 = 3; 𝑆 = 1025
𝑛
𝑆 = (2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑) 𝑎10 = 3𝑎2
2 6 + 9𝑑 = 3(6 + 𝑑)
𝑛
1025 = (2(5) + (𝑛 − 1)3) 𝒅=𝟐
2
𝒏 = 𝟐𝟓
C 8. The sum of 5 arithmetic means between 34 and 42 is:
B 3. There are 7 arithmetic means between 3 and 35. Find the sum a. 150 c. 190
of all the terms. b. 160 d. 210
a. 169 c. 167
b. 171 d. 173 𝑎1 = 34; 𝑎7 = 42
𝑛 9 7
𝑆𝑢𝑚 = (𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 ) = (3 + 35) = 𝟏𝟕𝟏 𝑆𝑢𝑚 = (34 + 42) = 266
2 2 2
𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 5 𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑠 = 266 − (34 + 42) = 𝟏𝟗𝟎
B 4. There are 9 arithmetic means between 11 and 51. The sum of
the progression is: B 9. The positive value of a so that 4𝑥, 5𝑥 + 4, 3𝑥 2 − 1 will be in
a. 279 c. 376 arithmetic progression is:
b. 341 d. 254 a. 2 c. 4
𝑛 11 b. 3 d. 5
𝑆𝑢𝑚 = (𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 ) = (11 + 51) = 𝟑𝟒𝟏
2 2 (5𝑥 + 4) − 4𝑥 = (3𝑥 2 − 1) − (5𝑥 + 4)
3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 9 = 0
C 5. The sum of all even nos. from 0 to 420 is: (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3) = 0
a. 43410 c. 44310 𝒙 = 𝟑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙 = −𝟏
b. 44300 d. 44130
C 10. Solve for 𝑥 if 𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 7𝑥 + ⋯ + 49𝑥 = 625
The even nos. from 0 to 420 are 2, 4, 6, … 420 (AP)
420 a. 1 c. 1
= 210 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑠. 4
2
Sum of all even nos.: b. 1 d. 1
1
𝑛 210 2 4
𝑆 = (𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 ) = (2 + 420) = 𝟒𝟒, 𝟑𝟏𝟎
2 2 𝑑 = 3𝑥 − 𝑥 = 5𝑥 − 3𝑥 = 2𝑥
 𝐴1 + 6𝐷 7
=
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 𝑎1 + 6𝑑 3
49𝑥 = 𝑥 + (𝑛 − 1)(2𝑥)
49𝑥 = 𝑥(1 + (𝑛 − 1)(2)) nth term of AP = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
49 = 2𝑛 − 1 𝐴7 𝐴1 + (7 − 1)𝐷 𝐴1 + 6𝐷
= =
𝑛 = 25 𝑎7 𝑎1 + (7 − 1)𝑑 𝑎1 + 6𝑑
𝐴1 + 6𝐷 7
𝑏𝑢𝑡 =
𝑛 𝑎1 + 6𝑑 3
𝑆= (𝑎 + 𝑎𝑛 )
2 1 𝑨𝟕 𝟕
25 =
(𝑥 + 49𝑥 ) 𝒂𝟕 𝟑
625 =
2
𝒙=𝟏 D 13. If 1/x, 1/y, 1/z are in arithmetic progression, then y is equal to:
a. 𝑥−𝑧 c. 𝑥 + 𝑧
B 11. The 10th term of the series 𝑎, 𝑎 − 𝑏, 𝑎 − 2𝑏, .. is: 2𝑥𝑧
a. 𝑎 − 6𝑏 c. 2𝑎 − 𝑏 b. 1 d. 2𝑥𝑧
(𝑥 + 2𝑧)
b. 𝑎 − 9𝑏 d. 𝑎 + 9𝑏 2 𝑥+𝑧

𝑑 = (𝑎 − 𝑏) − (𝑎) = (𝑎 − 2𝑏) − (𝑎 − 𝑏) = −𝑏 1 1 1 1
− = −
𝑦 𝑥 𝑧 𝑦
10th term is: 2 𝑥+𝑧
=
𝑎10 = 𝑎1 + (10 − 1)𝑑 𝑦 𝑥𝑧
𝑎10 = 𝑎 + (10 − 1)(−𝑏) 𝟐𝒙𝒛
𝒂𝟏𝟎 = 𝒂 − 𝟗𝒃 𝒚=
𝒙+𝒛

C 12. If the sum of the first 13 terms of two arithmetic progressions B 14. Find the 30th term of the AP 4, 7, 10…
are in the ratio 7:3, find the ratio of their corresponding 7th
a. 88 c. 75
term. b. 91 d. 90
a. 3: 7 c. 7: 3
b. 1: 3 d. 6: 7 𝑑 = 7 − 4 = 10 − 7 = 3
𝑛
𝑆= (2𝑎1 + 𝑛 − 1)𝑑) 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
2
𝑎30 = 4 + (30 − 1)3 = 𝟗𝟏
Let 𝑆, 𝐴1 , 𝐷 and 𝑠, 𝑎1 , 𝑑 be respectively the sum, first term, and common
difference of the arithmetic progression, then; D 15. Find the 100th term of the sequence 1.01, 1.00, 0.99…
13
𝑆 ( 2 ) (2𝐴1 + (13 − 1)𝐷) 7 a. 0.05 c. 0.03
= = b. 0.04 d. 0.02
𝑠 (13) (2𝑎 + (13 − 1)𝑑) 3
2 1
2𝐴1 + 12𝐷 7 𝑑 = 1.00 − 1.01 = 0.99 − 1.00 = −0.01
=
2𝑎1 + 12𝑑 3
 𝑎100 = 11 + (100 − 1)𝑑 = 1.01 + 99(−.01) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
𝑥 = 7; =
𝒙 𝟕
C 16. The sum of all nos. between 0 and 10,000 which is exactly
divisible by 77 is:
a. 546,546 c. 645,645 C 19. Find the fourth term of the progression ½, 0.2, 0.125…
b. 645,568 d. 645,722 a. 0.102 c. 1
11
The no. of integers between 0 to 10,000 which is divisible by 77: b. 1 d. 0.099
10000 10
𝑛= = 129.9 𝑜𝑟 129
77
Harmonic progression: 2, 5, 8 …
𝑑 = 5−2 = 8−5 = 3
𝑆 = 77 + 154 + 231 + ⋯ + 9933
𝑛 1 𝟏
𝑆 = (𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 ) 4𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 = =
2 8 + 3 𝟏𝟏
129
𝑆= (77 + 9933) = 𝟔𝟒𝟓𝟔𝟒𝟓 A 20. The 10th term of the progression 6/5, 4/3, 3/2, … is:
2
a. 12 c. 12
D 17. What is the sum of the following finite sequence of terms 18, 3
25, 32, 39, …, 67? b. 10 d. 13
a. 234 c. 213 3 3
b. 181 d. 340 6 4 3
𝐻𝑎𝑟𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛: , , , …
𝑑 = 25 − 18 = 32 − 25 = 7 5 3 2
5 3 2
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 𝐴𝑟𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛: , , , …
6 4 3
67 = 18 + (𝑛 − 1)7 3 5 2 3 1
𝑑= − = − =−
𝑛=8 4 6 3 4 12
5 1
𝑎10 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = + (10 − 1) (− ) = 1/12
𝑛 8 6 12
𝑆= (𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 ) = (18 + 67) = 𝟑𝟒𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 = 𝟏𝟐
2 2
B 21. The geometric mean of 4 and 64 is:
C 18. Find x in the series: 1, 1/3, 0.2, x
1 1 a. 48 c. 34
a. c.
b. 16 d. 24
6 7
b. 1 d. 1 4: 𝑥: 64
8 9 4 𝑥
=
The given sequence is a harmonic progression, the reciprocal of which has a 𝑥 64
common difference of 2. 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟔
1
𝑥− = 𝑥−5 = 2 A 22. The geometric mean of a and b is:
0.2
 48 √𝑎𝑏 c. 1 b. 9 d. 11
𝑏 2 2
b. 𝑎+𝑏 d. 𝑎𝑏
𝑎1 (𝑟 𝑛 − 1) 6 𝟗
2 2 𝑆= = =
𝑟−1 1
𝑎: 𝑥: 𝑏 1 − (− 3) 𝟐
𝑎 𝑥
=
𝑥 𝑏 B 26. Find the sum of the first 10 terms of the Geometric progression
𝒙 = √𝒂𝒃 2, 4, 8, 16, …
a. 1023 c. 1596
D 23. Determine the sum of the infinite geometric series of 1, -1/5, b. 2046 d. 225
+1/25, …?
a. 4 c. 4 𝑎1 (𝑟 𝑛 − 1) 2(210 − 1)
𝑆= = = 𝟐𝟎𝟒𝟔
5 6 𝑟−1 2−1
b. 5 d. 5
7 6 A 27. The 1st, 4th, and 8th terms of an AP are themselves geometric
The sum of the infinite GP is: progression. What is the common ratio of the GP?
𝑎1 a. 4 c. 2
𝑆= 3
1−𝑟
1 b. 5 d. 7
𝑎2 − 5 1 3 3
𝑟 = 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = = =−
𝑎1 1 5 𝑎1 = 𝑥; 𝑑 = 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒; 𝑎4 = 𝑥 + 3𝑑; 𝑥 + 7𝑑
1 𝟓 Since they are in GP
𝑆= =
1
1 − (− 5) 𝟔 𝑎 4 𝑎8
=
𝑎1 𝑎4
𝑥 + 3𝑑 𝑥 + 7𝑑
A 24. There are 6 geometric means between 4 and 8748. Find the sum =
of all the terms. 𝑥 𝑥 + 3𝑑
a. 13120 c. 10250 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑑 + 9𝑑2 = 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥𝑑
b. 15480 d. 9840 𝑥 = 9𝑑
Common ratio of GP
𝑎1 = 4; 𝑎8 = 8748 𝑎4 𝑥 + 3𝑑 9𝑑 + 3𝑑 𝟒
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1 𝑟= = = =
𝑎1 𝑥 9𝑑 𝟑
8748 = 4(𝑟 8−1 )
r=3 C 28. Determine x so that 𝑥, 2𝑥 + 7, 10𝑥 − 7 will form a geometric
a1 (r n − 1) 4(38 − 1) progression.
S= =( = 𝟏𝟑, 𝟏𝟐𝟎
r−1 3−1 a. −7 c. 7
b. 6 d. −6
B 25. Find the sum of the infinite geometric progression 6, -2, 2/3…
a. 5 c. 7
2 2
 2𝑥 + 7 10𝑥 − 7 𝑎3 = 𝑥 + 2𝑑 + 7 = (15 − 𝑑 ) + 2𝑑 + 7 = 22 + 𝑑
=
𝑥 2𝑥 + 7
4𝑥 + 28𝑥 + 49 = 10𝑥 2 − 7𝑥
2
𝑎2 𝑎3
6𝑥 2 − 35𝑥 − 49 = 0 =
𝑎1 𝑎2
𝟕
𝒙 = 𝟕 𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒙 = − 𝑎22 = 𝑎1 𝑎3
𝟔
182 = (17 − 𝑑)(22 + 𝑑)
D 29. The 4th term of a geometric progression is 189 and the 6th term 𝑑2 + 5𝑑 − 50 = 0
is 1701, the 8th term is: 𝒅 = 𝟓 𝒐𝒓 𝒅 = −𝟏𝟎
a. 5103 c. 45927
b. 1240029 d. 15309 A 31. The geometric mean and the harmonic mean of 2 nos. are 12
and 36/5 respectively. What are the nos.?
𝑎4 = 189 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎6 = 1701
a. 36 & 4 c. 36 & 8
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚 𝑟 𝑛−𝑚
1701 = 189𝑟 6−4 b. 72 & 8 d. 72 & 4
𝑟=3

𝑎8 = 189(3)8−4 = 𝟏𝟓𝟑𝟎𝟗 In GP
𝑥: 12: 𝑦
D 30. The sum of 3 nos. in arithmetic progression is 45. If 2 is added 𝑥 12
=
to the 1st no., 3 to the 2nd, and 7 to the 3rd, the new nos. will be 12 𝑦
in geometric progression. Find the common difference in AP xy = 144
a. −5 c. 6
b. 10 d. 5 In HP
1 5 5 1
𝑥 = 𝑎1 ; 𝑑 = 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒; − = −
𝑦 36 36 𝑥
𝑎2 = 𝑥 + 𝑑; 𝑎3 = 𝑥 + 2𝑑 1 1 5
+ =
𝑦 𝑥 18
In AP: 𝑥+𝑦 5
𝑛 =
𝑆= (2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑) 𝑥𝑦 18
2
3 𝑥+𝑦 5
45 = (2𝑥 + (3 − 1)𝑑) =
2 144 18
𝑥 = 15 − 𝑑 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 40
𝑦 = 40 − 𝑥
In GP
𝑥𝑦 = 144
𝑥 = 15 − 𝑑
𝑥(40 − 𝑥) = 144
𝑎1 = 𝑥 + 2 = 15 − 𝑑 + 2 = 17 − 𝑑 𝒙 = 𝟑𝟔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝟒
𝑎2 = 𝑥 + 𝑑 + 3 = (15 − 𝑑) + 𝑑 + 3 = 18
 C 32. If 𝑥, 4𝑥 + 8, 30𝑥 + 24 are in GP, find the common ratio 752400 = 11400𝑛 − 20𝑛2 + 20𝑛
a. 2 c. 6 20𝑛2 − 11420𝑛 + 752400 = 0
b. 4 d. 8 𝑛 = 76 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
4𝑥 + 8 30𝑥 + 24
𝑟= = A 34. If 1/3 of the air in the tank is removed by each stroke of an air
𝑥 4𝑥 + 8
pump, what fractional part of the total air is removed in 6
16𝑥 + 64𝑥 + 64 = 30𝑥 2 + 24𝑥
2
strokes?
7𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 − 32 = 0
a. 0.9122 c. 0.8211
8
𝑥 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = − b. 0.0877 d. 0.7145
7
𝑉 2𝑉
𝑉1 = 𝑉 − =
4(4) + 8 3 3
𝑟= =𝟔 V1 2V1
4 V2 = V1 − =
3 3
C 33. A besiege fortress is held by 5700 men who have provisions for
66 days. If the garrison loses 20 men each day, for how many The volume in the tank after each stroke is 2/3 of the volume before the
days can the provision hold out? 2 2𝑉
stroke. Hence, the series forms a GP with 𝑟 = and 𝑎1 =
3 3
a. 60 c. 76 6−1
b. 72 d. 82 2𝑉 2
𝑎6 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1 = ( )( ) = 0.08779𝑉
3 3
Total no. of days the provision can hold out = N
𝑁 = 5700(66) = 376200 𝑚𝑎𝑛 − 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 Thus, the volume removed is 𝑽 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟕𝟕𝟗𝑽 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟏𝟐𝟐𝑽

Day No. of man-days A 35. A rubber ball is dropped from a height of 15 m. On each
1 5700 rebound, it rises 2/3 of the height from which it last fell. Find
2 5700 − 20 = 5680 the distance traveled by the ball before it comes to rest.
3 5680 − 20 = 5660 a. 75 𝑚 c. 100 𝑚
. . b. 96 𝑚 d. 85 𝑚
. .
𝐷 = 15 + 2 ∗ 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑒
n ?
The provision will hold out until the total no. of man-days becomes 376200
Since the ball bounces infinite times and each succeeding heights form a GP
2
𝑁 = 5700 + 5680 + 5660 + ⋯ with 𝑟 = 3 and 𝑛 = ∞
𝑑 = −20
2
We may use the sum of infinite GP with 𝑎1 = 15 (3) = 10
𝑛
𝑆= (2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑) 𝑎1 10
2 𝐷 = 15 + 2 ∗ = 15 + 2 ∗ = 𝟕𝟓 𝒎
𝑛 1−𝑟 2
376200 = (2(5700) + (𝑛 − 1)(−20)) 1−
3
2
 𝑛
B 36. In the recent Bosnia conflict, the NATO forces captured 6400 𝑆= (2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 )
2
soldiers. The provisions on hand will last for 216 meals while 𝑛
4320 = (2(720) + (𝑛 − 1)(−60))
feeding 3 meals a day. The provisions lasted 9 more days 2
because of daily deaths. At an average, how many died per day? 8640 = 1500𝑛 − 60𝑛2
a. 15.2 c. 18.3 𝑛2 − 25𝑛 + 144 = 0
b. 17.8 d. 19.4 𝑛=9
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 6400 (216) = 1,382,400
216 𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 = 9 ∗ 12 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝒅𝒂𝒚𝒔
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑖𝑓 𝑛𝑜 𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑠 = = 72 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
3
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑒𝑐 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 = 72 + 9 = 81 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 C 38. In a benefit show a no. of wealthy men agreed that the 1st one
to arrive would pay 10 centavos to enter and each later arrival
Let x be the no. of soldiers that will die each day would pay twice as much as the preceding man. The total
Day Consumption amount collected from all of them was P104,857.50. How many
1 6400 (3) = 19200 wealthy men had paid?
2 19200 − 3𝑥 a. 18 c. 20
3 19200 − (3𝑥 + 3𝑥) b. 19 d. 21

Thus, the series will form an AP with 𝑎1 = 19200 and 𝑑 = −3𝑥. The provision In GP
will run out when the sum of the consumption equals 1,382,400 𝑎1 (𝑟 𝑛 − 1)
𝑛 𝑆=
𝑆 = (2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑) 𝑟−1
2 0.1(2𝑛 − 1)
81 104,857.50 =
1382400 = (2(19200 + (81 − 1)(−3𝑥)) 2−1
2 2𝑛 − 1 = 1,048,575
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟕𝟖
𝑛 ln 2 = ln 1,048,576
A 37. To build a dam, 60 men must work 72 days. If all 60 men are 𝒏 = 𝟐𝟎
employed at the start but the no. is decreased by 5 men at the
end of each 12-day period, how long will it take to complete the D 39. 7 8
Evaluate the following determinant:
dam? 9 4
a. 64 c. 54
a. 108 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 c. 94 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
b. 44 d. −44
b. 9 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 d. 60 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
(7 ∗ 4) − (9 ∗ 8) = −44
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 = 60(72) = 4320 𝑚𝑎𝑛 − 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
Day Man-days C 40. The following equation involves 2 determinants:
First 12 days 60 ∗ 12 = 720 3 𝑥 2 −1
Second 12 days 55 ∗ 12 = 660 | |=| | the value of x is:
2 2 𝑥 −3
Third 12 days 55 ∗ 12 = 600 a. 1 c. 4
b. 3 d. 3
𝑎1 = 720; 𝑑 = −60
 3(2) − 2(𝑥) = 2(−3) − 𝑥(−1) D 44. Given:
𝒙=𝟒 1 3 −1 −2
𝐴=| | and 𝐵 = | |
−2 1 −1 1
C 41. Evaluate the following determinant: Find A+2B
1 5 −2 a. 1 0 c. −1 3
|2 1 −3| | | | |
2 1 0 1
3 −2 1 1 0 −1 −1
a. −24 c. −46 b. | | d. | |
1 3 −4 3
b. 24 d. 46
(1 − 45 + 8) − (−6 + 6 + 10) = −𝟒𝟔 1 3 −1 −2 −1 −1
𝐴 + 2𝐵 = | | +2| |=| |
−2 1 −1 1 −4 3
A 42. Compute the value of x: A 45. Given:
4 -1 2 3 1 2 3 6
2 0 2 1 𝐵=| | and 𝐶 = | |
0 −5 4 1
10 3 0 1 Find the elements of the product of the 2 matrices, matrix BC
14 2 4 5 a. 11 8 c. |12 10 |
| |
−20 −5 20 −4
a. 27 c. 26
b. −28 d. −29 b. | 15 9| d. | 15 15 |
−22 4 −17 −6
By pivotal element method, select column 4 row 2 as pivot.
4 − 3(2) −1 − 3(0) 2 − 3(2) 1(3) + 2(4) 1(6) + 2(1) 𝟏𝟏 𝟖
𝐵𝐶 = | |=| |
𝑥 = 1(−1)4+2 |10 − 1(2) 3 − 1(0) 0 − 1(2)| 0(3) + (−5)(4) 0(6) + (−5(1) −𝟐𝟎 −𝟓
14 − 5(2) 2 − 5(0) 4 − 5(2)
𝑥 = (36 + 8 − 64) − (−48 + 8 + 48) = −𝟐𝟖 C 46. Solve for x and y from the given relationship:
1 1 𝑥 2
[ ] [𝑦 ] = [ ]
3 2 0
D 43. Evaluate the determinant: a. 𝑥 = −2; 𝑦 = 6 c. 𝑥 = −2; 𝑦 = −6
1 4 2 -1 b. 𝑥 = 2; 𝑦 = 6 d. 𝑥 = 2; 𝑦 = −6
2 -1 0 -3
-2 3 1 2 1(𝑥) + 1(𝑦) = 2
0 2 1 4 3(𝑥) + 2(𝑦) = 0
𝒙 = −𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒚 = 𝟔
a. 5 c. 4
b. −4 d. −5
D 47. In a class of 40 students, 27 students like Calculus and 25 like
Geometry. How many students liked both Calculus and
−1 − (4)(2) 0 − (2)(2) −3 − (−1)(2)
Geometry?
𝑥 = +(1) |3 − (4)(−2) 1 − (2)(−2) 2 − (−1)(−2)|
a. 10 c. 11
2 − (4)(0) 1 − (2)(0) 4 − (−1)(0)
b. 14 d. 12
𝑥 = (−180 + 0 − 11) − (−10 + 0 − 176) = −𝟓
 (27 − 𝑥) + 𝑥 + (25 − 𝑥) = 40 120 + 200 + 150 + (370 − (120 + 200)) + (450 − (200 + 150))
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐 + (370 − (120 + 150)) = 𝟐𝟖𝟎

C 48. A class of 40 took examination in Algebra and Trigonometry. If

30 passed Algebra, 36 passed Trigonometry, and 2 failed in both
subjects, the no. of students who passed the two subjects is:
a. 2 c. 28
b. 8 d. 25
Since 2 students failed in 2 subjects
(30 − 𝑥) + 𝑥 + (36 − 𝑥) = 40 − 2
𝒙 = 𝟐𝟖

A 49. The probability for the ECE board examinees from a certain
school to pass the Mathematics subject is 3/7 and that for the
Communications subject is 5/7. If none of the examinees failed
in both subjects and there are 4 examinees who pass both
subjects, how many examinees from the school took the
examination?
a. 28 c. 26
b. 27 d. 32

3 5
(( ) 𝑥 − 4) + 4 + (( ) 𝑥 − 4) = 𝑥
7 7
𝒙 = 𝟐𝟖

B 50. In a commercial survey involving 1000 persons on brand

preferences, 120 were found to prefer brand x only, 200
persons prefer brand y only, 150 persons prefer brand z only,
370 prefer either brand x or y but not z, 450 prefer brand y or z
but not x, and 370 prefer either brand z or x but not y, and none
prefer all the 3 brands at a time. How many persons have no
brand preference with any of the 3 brands?
a. 120 c. 70
b. 280 d. 320
Total no. of persons surveyed is 1000

𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋 = 120; 𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑌 = 200; 𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑍 = 150

𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋 𝑜𝑟 𝑌 = 370; 𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑌 𝑜𝑟 𝑍 = 450; 𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋 𝑜𝑟 𝑍 = 370