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Annotated Bibliography

Adderall Abuse Among College Students. (n.d.). ​Desert Cove Recovery.​ Retrieved from

https://desertcoverecovery.com/blog/adderall-abuse-among-college-students/

This article has a lot of useful information for my capstone paper. One of the areas that

this paper will cover is how prescription medication for ADHD is getting into colleges, and the

effect that it has there. The article is from a drug rehabilitation center’s website which addresses

the topic of ADHD medication, specifically Adderall, makes its way into college campuses, and

the effect that it has once there. It contains subjects such as how prevalent Adderall abuse is

among college students, the health risks and dangers of it, how students obtain it, and what their

attraction to it is. All of these things will be useful in the Capstone when this area is covered. In

addition, the article contains some good visuals for the health risks associated with Adderall

abuse that can be used in a presentation of the capstone. Since the article is from a drug recovery

center website, the information provided is factual and credible.

ADHD update: New data on the risks of medication. (2006, October). ​Harvard Health

Publishing. ​Retrieved from https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/>

This is a great article containing basically all of the physical side effects of ADHD.

medications. It includes a recent study finding 12 strokes and 20 sudden deaths in adults and

children who use stimulant medications as treatments for ADHD. It also brings to light the aspect

of reliance, which was previously left undiscussed for a while. This will be a good article to use

because while it has some supporting factors of my argument, it ultimately supports the other
side in favor of medication, concluding that in most cases where people are properly diagnosed,

the medicine’s benefits outweigh their side effects. This article is credible as it comes from a

Harvard Health database.

Bjorn, S., Weyandt, L. (2018, September 28). Issues Pertaining to Misuse of ADHD Prescription

Medications. ​Psychiatric Times​. Retrieved from https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/>

This article is on a website that is based around psychology and mental illness treatment,

so it is a good source to use. It discusses basically the entire process for receiving ADHD

medication. It begins with talking about the reasons that people get prescribed medication for

ADHD, then furthers to discuss the misuse of these drugs. The findings lead into different areas

such as colleges, as well as in the workplace. It gives credibility to the medications when used

properly, but makes clear just how dangerous they can be. The article talks about addiction and

reliance, as well as how difficult it can be to take yourself off of the drug, all of which can be

used in the capstone in discussing how ADHD medications are ruining our generation by

breeding a new era of addicts.

Boorady, R. (n.d.). The Facts on ADHD Medications. ​Child Mind Institute.​ Retrieved from

https://childmind.org/article/the-facts-on-adhd-medications/

This article includes facts about why children are prescribed ADHD medication, as well

as how effective the drugs are for them. It even discusses alternative medications that aren’t

stimulants, and how they are nowhere near as effective as stimulants are in treating the disorder.

This source is credible because of the website it is on, which specializes in children's’ mental
health. Similar to some of the other articles used, it doesn’t get into much depth, which is

acceptable because this is only the beginning stages of research, so it will be beneficial in

providing some baseline research. This article will be used to support the idea that the process of

finding the right medication is very meticulous and it takes very long, but the other alternatives

to it are nowhere near as effective.

Hinshaw, S. P., & Scheffler, R. M. (2014). ​The ADHD explosion: myths, medication, money, and

today's push for performance.​ New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

This book encapsulates a large majority of the topic of ADHD medications and their

physical and societal impacts. It covers aspects such as the economic impacts of ADHD

medications, treatments for ADHD and how effective they are, the medications’ potential for

abuse, the stigma behind what type of people are typically prescribed it, and much more. All of

this comprehensive information can be used as supporting information to drive studies about the

long and short term negative effects of ADHD, and how stereotypes play a role in the diagnosis

process, and ultimately the prescription process.

Hogue, Aaron. (2015, May 5). What Parents Need to Know About ADHD Medication Abuse.

Center on Addiction​. Retrieved from https://www.centeronaddiction.org/>

This website contains useful statistics and information about ADHD medication addiction

and abuse. It lists reasons for abuse, as well as tips to reduce abuse. Additionally, it says that

ADHD medications can be used to stop substance abuse from other drugs, but often this results

in abuse of that medication used to stop abusing. It contains a very staggering statistic, stating
that in 2013, it was reported that over 9% of high school seniors abused ADHD prescription

medications, with Adderall being the most common. This will support the idea of college

students using ADHD medications when not prescribed it, giving evidence that the root of the

problem begins in high school in many instances.

Rothenberger, Aribert. (2007, June 1). Informing the ADHD Debate. ​Scientific American.

Retrieved from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/>

This article is extremely informative and will be very useful in my research about ADHD

Medications. It starts out by recounting an example of a girl who was diagnosed with ADHD and

the effect that medications had on her. It goes on to talk about the causes of ADHD, as well as

the debate over prescribing medications for it. A very interesting point that is in this article is a

study that found that when rats were given stimulant drugs (like those prescribed for ADHD)

before sexual maturity, they grew to have fewer dopamine transporters than the rest. This can

support ideas about how ADHD physically results in reliance (by causing users to have to

continue using the drugs even if they no longer have the disorder because they need them to have

normal dopamine levels). Additionally, it concludes by saying that there is not a lot understood

about the true long term effects of these medications. This will go hand in hand with the fact that

it takes a more pessimistic view against ADHD medications.

Rutkowski, M. (2019). Personal Interview.

Differing from the rest of the sources, I have already reached out to and planned an

interview with Mrs. Rutkowski. She has a lot of knowledge on specific areas pertaining to
ADHD and the medication effects. Mrs. Rutkowski has children who have ADHD, but she

decided not to medicate them, but rather use other natural methods as a remedy. I plan to receive

her input on why she believes that medicating ADHD sufferers is a bad option. Additionally, I

plan to ask her how well the natural methods of remedy have worked for her children. I can use

the information she provides to help support points that I plan to make in my paper about how

prescribing medications is often seen as the easy way out. Mrs. Rutkowski is a credible source to

use because she has a lot of personal experience with this specific issue, and it will be interesting

to see a viewpoint of someone who isn’t in favor of medicating for the treatment of ADHD.

Vedantum, S. (2009, March 27). Debate Over Drugs for ADHD Reignites. ​The Washington Post.

Retrieved from http://psychrights.org/>

This article consists of the debate over how well medication works in treating ADHD. It

discusses the long-term side effects of the medications, and uses long term research studies as

supporting evidence, giving it credibility to use as a source. It discusses how medication impacts

those with ADHD physically, mentally, and societally. This is a reliable source to use because it

ties in well to the topic. It isn’t very long and doesn’t go into too much depth, but it will be good

to use as a general resource for information. It is slightly biased not in support of medicating

those diagnosed with ADHD, which will be interesting considering most sources found are in

support.

​ etrieved from
WebMD Staff. (2017, May 10). ADHD: Alternative Treatments. ​WebMD. R

https://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/childhood-adhd/adhd-alternative-treatments#1
This article should work very well with my interview that I plan to conduct. It contains

information on how effective alternative treatments to ADHD are. It uses long-term studies to

support the statistics on how effective alternatives are. The article lists everything from a change

in diet to chiropractics as alternative methods. This article is definitely credible considering it is

from an online medical database. While this article won’t be used very largely in the paper, it

should tie in perfectly as support for my interview with Mrs. Rutkowski.

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