SRM UNIVERSITY

TOPIC: IMPORTANCE OF NATIONAL SECURITY

SUBJECT: TERROR & SECURITY LAW

SUBMTTED TO SUBMITTED BY

Asst.Prof. Deepshika Mam Umesh

(Dept Of Law) B.A.LL.B(Xth Sem)

45514210016
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help
of many individuals and institutions. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.

I am highly indebted to my Asst. Prof. Deepshika Ma’am for her guidance and constant supervision as well as
for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for his support in completing the project.

I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents for their kind cooperation and encouragement which
helped me in the completion of this project.

I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to institute persons for giving me such attention and
time.

My thanks and appreciations also go to my classmates in developing the project and to the people who have
willingy helped me out with their abilities.
CERTIFICATE
This is to cetify that this project contains bonafide practical work of Mr. Umesh Regn No = 45514210016
student of SRM University, Sonipat studying in the Xth semester of Fourth Year of Bachelor Of Law.He have
completed his practical work satisfactory.

Place: Sonipat

Date:-28/03/2019 Signature Of Teacher

INDEX

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2

CERTIFICATE ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

CHAPTER 1: DEFINATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY .............................................................................................................. 5

CHAPTER 2: DIMENSIONS OF NATIONAL SECURITY ............................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

CHAPTER 3: TYPES OF NATIONAL SECURITY ......................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

CHAPTER 4: NATIONAL SECURITY PURPOSE AND ROLE ..................................................................................................... 9

CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 12

INTRODUCTION
At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the term national security is used in the United States to describe
both the concept and philosophy of protecting and defending the nation and as well as the specific programs
and actions undertaken to achieve this important goal. The concept of national security has been defined in
different ways throughout the years. However, most definitions of national security center not only on building
and supporting the capacity to safeguard U.S. citizens but also on maintaining public confidence in the
government's ability to defend against threats to national values, integrity, and property. In 1962 Arnold
Wolfers wrote in Discord and Collaboration (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press) that "Security,
in an objective sense, measures the absence of threats to acquired values, in a subjective sense, the absence of
fear that such values will be attacked." More than three decades later, Sam Sarkesian observed in U.S. National
Security: Policy Makers, Processes, and Politics (Boulder, CO: Lynne Reiner Publishers, 2nd ed., 1995) that
"National security is the confidence held by the great majority of the nation's people that the nation has the
military capability and effective policy to prevent its adversaries from effectively using force in preventing the
nation's pursuit of its national interests."
CHAPTER:1 DEFINATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY

It refers to the security of a nation state, including its citizens, economy, and institutions, and is regarded as a
duty of government. Originally conceived as protection against military attack, national security is now widely
understood to include non-military dimensions, including the security from terrorism, crime, economic security,
energy security, environmental security, food security, cyber security etc. Similarly, national security risks
include, in addition to the actions of other nation states, action by violent non-state actors, narcotic cartels, and
multinational corporations, and also the effects of natural disasters.

Governmentely on a range of measures, including political, economic, and military power, as well as diplomacy
to enforce national security. They may also act to build the conditions of security regionally and internationally
by reducing transnational causes of insecurity, such as climate change, economic inequality, political exclusion,
and nuclear proliferation.
CHAPTER: 2 DIMENSION OF NATIONAL SECURITY

Potential causes of national insecurity include actions by other states (e.g. military or cyber attack), violent non-
state actors (e.g. terrorist attack), organised criminal groups such as narcotic cartels, and also the effects of
natural disasters (e.g. flooding, earthquakes) Systemic drivers of insecurity, which may be transnational,
include climate change, economic inequality and marginalisation, political exclusion, and militarisation. In
view of the wide range of risks, the security of a nation state has several dimensions, including economic
security, energy security, physical security, environmental security, food security, border security, and cyber
security. These dimensions correlate closely with elements of national power. Increasingly, governments
organise their security policies into a national security strategy (NSS); as of 2017, Spain, Sweden, the United
Kingdom, and the United States are among the states to have done so. Some states also appoint a National
Security Council to oversee the strategy and/or a National Security Advisor.

Although states differ in their approach, with some beginning to prioritise non-military action to tackle systemic
drivers of insecurity, various forms of coercive power predominate, particularly military capabilities. The scope
of these capabilities has developed. Traditionally, military capabilities were mainly land- or sea-based, and in
smaller countries they still are. Elsewhere, the domains of potential warfare now include the air, space,
cyberspace, and psychological operations. Military capabilities designed for these domains may be used for
national security, or equally for offensive purposes, for example to conquer and annex territory and resources.
CHAPTER:3 TYPES OF NATIONAL SECURITY

Political security

The stability of the social order and Others such as Paul Rogers, have added that the equitability of the
international order is equally vital. Hence, political security depends on the rule of international law (including
the laws of war), the effectiveness of international political institutions, as well as diplomacy and negotiation
between nations and other security actors. It also depends on, among other factors, effective political inclusion
of disaffected groups and the human security of the citizenry.

Economic security

Economic security, in the context of international relations, is the ability of a nation state to maintain and
develop the national economy, without which other dimensions of national security cannot be managed. In
larger countries, strategies for economic security expect to access resources and markets in other countries, and
to protect their own markets at home. Developing countries may be less secure than economically advanced
states due to high rates of unemployment and underpaid work.

Ecological security

Ecological security, also known as environmental security, refers to the integrity of ecosystems and the
biosphere, particularly in relation to their capacity to sustain a diversity of life-forms (including human life).
The security of ecosystems has attracted greater attention as the impact of ecological damage by humans has
grown. The degradation of ecosystems, including topsoil erosion, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and climate
change, affect economic security and can precipitate mass migration, leading to increased pressure on resources
elsewhere.

Security of energy and natural resources

Resources include water, sources of energy, land and minerals. Availability of adequate natural resources is
important for a nation to develop its industry and economic power. For example, in the Persian Gulf War of
1991, Iraq captured Kuwait partly in order to secure access to its oil wells, and one reason for the US counter-
invasion was the value of the same wells to its own economy. Water resources are subject to disputes between
many nations, including India and Pakistan, and in the Middle East.

The interrelations between security, energy, natural resources, and their sustainability is increasingly
acknowledged in national security strategies and resource security is now included among the UN Sustainable
Development Goals. In the US, for example, the military has installed solar photovoltaic microgrids on their
bases in case of power outage.
Computer security

Computer security, also known as cybersecurity or IT security, refers to the security of computing devices such
as computers and smartphones, as well as computer networks such as private and public networks, and the
Internet. It concerns the protection of hardware, software, data, people, and also the procedures by which
systems are accessed, and the field has growing importance due to the increasing reliance on computer systems
in most societies. Since unauthorized access to critical civil and military infrastructure is now considered a
major threat, cyberspace is now recognised as a domain of warfare.

Infrastructure security

Infrastructure security is the security provided to protect infrastructure, especially critical infrastructure, such as
airports, highways rail transport, hospitals, bridges, transport hubs, network communications, media, the
electricity grid, dams, power plants, seaports, oil refineries, and water systems. Infrastructure security seeks to
limit vulnerability of these structures and systems to sabotage, terrorism, and contamination.

Many countries have established government agencies to directly manage the security of critical infrastructure
usually through the Ministry of Interior/Home Affairs, dedicated security agencies to protect facilities such as
United States Federal Protective Service, and also dedicated transport police such as the British Transport
Police. There are also commercial transportation security units such as the Amtrak Police in the United States.
Critical infrastructure is vital for the essential functioning of a country. Incidental or deliberate damage can
have a serious impact on the economy and essential services.
CHAPTER:4 NATIONAL SECURITY ‘S PURPOSE AND ROLE

National security is the means by which the Federal Government provides protection over the country by means
of the economy in terms of militaristic as well as political powers. There are a variety of means by which the
Government may ensure such national security. These include: the use of diplomacy to calm threats by way of
calling together allies, the employment of economic authority, the maintenance and strengthening of military
branches, institution of emergency measures in preparation for pending threats, the monitoring of intelligence
practices to ensure the lack of infiltration as well as surprise attacks, and the use of intelligence within the
country to ensure the safety within as well as external to it.
One of the earliest statutes set forth was the National Security Act of 1947. It was approved by President Harry
S. Truman and set forth the process of reorganizing military forces, foreign policy as well as intelligence
procedures due to the outcome of the Second World War. Under this Act, both the Department of War and
Department of Navy were combined into one military entity with the Secretary of Defense at the forefront of
operations. The statute also was responsible for the establishment of the separation and distinction of the Air
Force from the Army Air Forces. Simultaneously, the Department of Defense was enacted with the express
purpose of uniting all branches of military, such as those of the Army, Navy, and Air Force.
The National Security Council and the CIA were also instituted. These organizations serve to provide counsel
to the Commander in Chief in relations to issues encompassing that of domestic, foreign, and militaristic
procedures.
A significant Supreme Court Case, with national security as one of its main concerns, was that of Times Co. v.
United States. In this case, the Court ruled that both the printings of the New York Times as well as the
Washington Post possessed the right to publish “classified Pentagon papers” despite President Nixon’s belief
that it breached secrecy necessary for such pertinent Government information.
The CIA is representative of an agency run by civilians with the purpose of intelligence as its main concern. It
often takes part in covert operations with the authority of the President in mind. More specifically, the CIA
operates to acquire information from foreign entities in order to adequately provide counsel to the United States
Federal Government.
CONCLUSION

During past eras of challenge and change, our national leaders have acted decisively to create innovative
partnerships to enable its universities to enhance American security and prosperity.

While engaged in the Civil War, Congress passed the Morrill Land-Grant Act of 1862 to forge a partnership
between the federal government, the states, higher education, and industry aimed at creating universities
capable of extending educational opportunities to the working class while conducting the applied research to
enable American agriculture and industry to become world leaders. The results were the green revolution in
agriculture that fed the world, an American manufacturing industry that became the economic engine of the
twentieth century and the arsenal of democracy in two world wars, and an educated middle class that would
transform the United States into the strongest nation on Earth.

In the next century, emerging from the Great Depression and World War II, Congress acted once again to
strengthen this partnership by investing heavily in basic research and graduate education to build the world’s
finest research universities, capable of providing the steady stream of well-educated graduates and scientific
and technological innovations central to our robust economy, our vibrant culture, our vital health enterprise, and
our national security in a complex, competitive, and challenging world. This expanded research partnership
enabled America to win the Cold War, put a man on the Moon, and develop new technologies such as
computers, the Internet, Global Positioning Systems, and new medical procedures and drugs that have
contributed immensely to national prosperity, security, and public health.
REFERENCES

 http://www.memorializieu.eu/nationalsecurity
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nationalsecurity
 http://www.hanumant.com
 https://trialinternational.org/topics-post/nationalsecurity/
 https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/nationalsecurity