Chapter

MOUNTAINS, DESERTS, BEACHES AND GLACIERS:

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CHILEAN TOURISM

Axel Borsdorf1, Carla Marchant Santiago2 and Rafael Sánchez3

1
Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research (IGF),
Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria
2
Institute of Geography, University of Innsbruck, Austria
3
Universidad Catolica Silva Henriquez, Chile

ABSTRACT
The transformation in communication and transport technologies, the new perception
of natural and cultural treasures and the economic consolidation in a globalized world
have turned Chile into an attractive tourist destination in the world. These factors have
generated progressive impacts on the Chilean territory. The steady increase of national
and international tourists has encouraged the expansion of tourist-aimed infrastructure,
oriented to the current demands of global tourism. The state began to realize the
economic significance of tourism and increased the number of protected areas and even
fostered private initiatives in this field. In this respect, Chile has also established a legal
and administrative basis to promote tourism and to protect its natural and cultural
heritage. Consequently, we find remarkable changes in the spatial, social, demographic
and economic structure of the villages affected by tourism (and more and more also by
amenity migration). Demographic growth goes along with socio-spatial segregation and
marginalization. The infrastructure has been extended, and the towns and villages
affected offer a broad variety of amenities and leisure activities. Other consequences of
this development are the raised consumption of water and energy and significant changes
in land-use patterns. These changes have created a series of opportunities and challenges
for the country, which have to be identified, analysed and evaluated in terms of regional
sustainable development. This is of vital importance for the country, given that many of
the preferred destinations are located in fragile ecosystems and cultural environments.
Their resources have to be preserved and managed along the lines of “good governance”.
Under this perspective, this chapter will analyse the structure of the tourism industry
in Chile, as well as the processes, dynamics and transformations involved caused by the


E-mail: axel.borsdorf@oeaw.ac.at; carla,narchant@gmail.com; Rafael.sancheza@gmail.com
2 Axel Borsdorf, Carla Marchant Santiago and Rafael Sánchez

progressively growing tourism sector. Furthermore, it will seek to identify the external
and internal triggers that explain these phenomena. It will conclude by proposing
measures and instruments to secure sustainable development of tourism in the future.
Tourism is considered one of the most relevant socio-economic activities in the
whole world and one in constant growth. Whilst in the 1950s international tourist arrivals
did not exceed 25 million individuals, more than 1 billion visitors are expected by the
year 2012. What is more, the tourism industry is expected to maintain its annual growth
rate of 3.3%, so figures are expected to reach around 1.8 billion visitors by the year 2030
[1]. This sudden prosperity can be partially explained by the fact that this economic
activity has undergone some diversification to satisfy the diverse demands of post-
industrial society [2]. Parallel to the traditional rural tourism practised in Germany for
centuries, new variants have emerged, such as health tourism [3], ethno-tourism [4],
luxury goods tourism [5] and adventure travel [6]. It is thanks to this diversification, and
particularly to those activities aimed at valorizing wild and rural areas, that tourism has
turned into a highly profitable source of income in third world countries [7] [8] .
Alongside the advantages generated by tourism, we can observe a good number of
territorial impacts. Each and every tourist event implies movement from one place to
another, necessitating transport, accommodation facilities and adequate equipment for
practising any kind of (leisure) activity over the visiting period [9]. As a consequence,
socio-cultural and environmental conflicts arise among locals and visitors: environmental
pollution, pressure on natural resources, new socio-cultural patterns, emergence of new
economic activities vs. traditional ones and the progressive expulsion of native residents
[10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15]. In Chile, the policies of trade liberalization and the
diversification of exports started in the 1970s permitted the country’s participation in
several economic activities worldwide, tourism being one of them1. This sector has been
growing steadily at an annual pace of 9.2% and generated income above US$ 2,039
million in 2010, which corresponded to almost 5% of the country’s exports in services
[16]. This new phenomenon has lead to the search for and identification of new tourist
products closely related to Chile’s natural and social characteristics. In turn, this same
phenomenon has implied important changes in the territorial dynamics and processes.
These effects need to be adequately analysed to achieve sustainable development in each
affected territory.

1. CHILE IN THE INTERNATIONAL TOURISM CIRCUIT

According to the figures of the World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), the number of
foreign visitors rose to 924 million individuals in 2008: Europe attracted 53% of the visitor
total, whereas Asia and the Pacific remained at 20%, the American continent at 16%, the
Middle East at 6% and Africa at 5% of the total number of tourists. It is expected that the
majority of international tourists will drift towards Emerging Economies; by the year 2030
these emerging countries will receive more than 58% of the totality of international sightseers
[17]. Chile is one of the Latin-American countries with constant growth of the tourism
industry in recent decades in international comparison [18].

1
In order to foster this economic activity, the Committee for the Promotion of Chile was founded in 1981, and four
years later the Programme for the Promotion of Chile Abroad was set up. In 1998, the National Policy for the
Development of Tourism was created with the objective of facilitating and initiating the development of the
tourism industry in a harmonic, organized and sustainable way, placing particular emphasis on the
competitiveness and transparency of the market. This policy decided that regional governments work out their
own tourism policies within the already established Strategies of Regional Development.
 Mountains, Deserts, Beaches and Glaciers 3

Source: authors’ own design, based on data provided by the SERNATUR, several years.

Figure 1. Total number and international tourists in Chile, between 1970 and 2010 (in thousands).

Between 2000 and 2009, the arrival of international tourists in Chile was averaged 5.2%
annually, above the expected Latin-American average of 2.4% and the figures for Brazil (-
1.1%) and Argentina (4.5%). Looking back, between 1970 and 2010, the number of
international visitors to the country increased steadily (Figure 1), showing slight drops in
times of international economic instability, regional political unrest and disasters of natural
and socio-natural origins (SERNATUR several year). Amongst the causes that explain this
growth are the rapid development and expansion of transport and means of communication,
the sustained growth and economic development of the country, the renowned political and
institutional stability, the valorization of the natural heritage of the country and the success of
advertising policies abroad [19].

1.1. Profile of Tourists in Chile

Of the foreign tourists in Chile, 60% come from Argentina, Peru and Bolivia, with
Argentina accounting for almost 40% of the total number of tourists annually. Apart from
these countries, most other visitors are from the United States and Brazil, representing 14% of
annual arrivals. France, Spain, Germany and England together make up 8.7% [20]. More male
than female tourists (54.1% of the total) visit the country. The main age range is that between
35 and 44 years (29.1% of the total), while visitors aged 65+ make up 4.1% of the total.
According to the figures from SERNATUR2 [21] tourism in Chile is mostly seasonal, with
peaks in spring and summer. In 2009, 63% of all arrivals were recorded during the first and
the fourth quarters. Almost half of all foreign visitors come to the country for their vacation.
On average, holiday makers spend around US$ 614 and stay for 8.3 days. Other very

2
Servicio Nacional de Turismo (National Tourism Agency).
4 Axel Borsdorf, Carla Marchant Santiago and Rafael Sánchez

important reasons for visiting the country are business, congresses and various other
professional gatherings, which account for 25.9% of total arrivals. Average spending on these
visits is US$ 704.4 and length of stay is 6.4 days. Visiting family and friends is the reason for
24.4% of arrivals, average spending amounts to US$ 363.2 and average stays 12.5 days.

1.2. Evolution of the Tourism Industry in Chile

From the very first visitors to Chile, the country’s natural richness in landscapes and the
socio-cultural characteristics of its population were the most highlighted aspects. Because of
this, up to the last third of the 20th century, the various tour guides from Chile strongly
emphasized the importance of some landscapes, particularly those in the south of the country,
and the “intensely flourishing cultural life” that could be experienced in emerging cities.
In the 1970s, new tourist products began to be explored to attract the attention of the
North-American, European and Japanese markets. Aspects such as “adventure travel, unusual
beauty, different, arresting diversity and the exploration of almost untouched territories” were
the best incentives for those markets [22]. So-called “alternative tourism” emerged as an
excellent choice for a public dissatisfied with the development of traditional tourism in Chile.
In general terms, this new approach sought to take full advantage of the diversity of the
national territory and to bring tourists closer to nature and to the colourful non-urban life-
styles. Ecotourism has gained fundamental importance in recent decades. At least 60% of
tourists visiting Chile are attracted by its breathtaking scenery and wildlife. Factors
mentioned in choosing this country for a holiday are the existence of species, ecosystems and
territories of particular character and high global ecologic value (endemism), the presence of
globally recognized hotspots of biodiversity, the environmental services these spaces provide,
the high biological productivity and the meaningful economic value of their natural resources.
The National Forestry Corporation (CONAF - Corporación Nacional Forestal) has played
a fundamental role in encouraging the use of parks and reserves of the National System of
Wild State-Protected Areas (SNASPE - Sistema Nacional de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas del
Estado), so that visitors interested in the landscape and the primitive and pristine fauna could
enjoy close contact with nature. This System currently covers 100 units across 35 National
Parks, 49 National Reservoirs and 16 National Monuments, with a total surface of ca. 14.5
million ha or around 20% of the national territory [23].
The number of visitors to these wild protected areas has been growing steadily. In 1994,
the System areas received 910,115 visitors. By 2010, this figure had risen to 1,816,916
individuals (Figure 2). The wild areas of the region Los Lagos currently attract most tourists,
with an average of 583,300 visitors yearly. Puyehue National Park, is the most visited area,
with an average of 342,959 visitors per year, followed by Vicente Pérez Rosales National
Park with 194,838. Other wild regions of the country that attract great numbers of visitors are
Los Flamencos National Park in Antofagasta (104,168), Torres del Paine Biosphere Reserve
(103,862) in the Magallanes and the Chilean Antarctic Region and Villarrica National Park
(40,915) in the region of La Araucanía. Appart from the natural beauty of the landscape of
these protected areas, other accessibility factors (such as the closeness to urbanised centres,
roads in good conditions) and the existence and quality of the infrastructure and, also, how
well serviced and equipped they are (trails, hygiene services and well-marked hiking trails).
 Mountains, Deserts, Beaches and Glaciers 5

Source: authors’ own design, based on data provided by the SERNATUR 1999 – 2010.

Figure 2. Number of visitors to the parks and reservoirs (SNASPE) by region, between 1999 and 2010
(in thousands).

Agrotourism is another activity that has experienced rapid and significant growth in
recent years, particularly in connection with viticulture and oenology, that is, the study of
wine production, from wine-growing up to the production of wine itself. Tourists like visiting
the facilities where the produce is kept and getting acquainted with the traditions associated
with this labour. The Valle of Colchagua, approximately 141 kilometres south of Santiago de
Chile, is particular popular in this respect. Its geographical characteristics have undoubtedly
fostered a flourishing viticulture that has reached global quality standards. 20 vineyards offer
oenology tourism in the valley of Colchagua. Accommodation and culinary offerings in this
valley are truly varied, with 5-star hotel Santa Cruz Plaza the most important highlight. The
Colchagua valley also offers a rich cultural heritage. The Museum of Colchagua holds one of
the most significant private historical collections in Latin-America. Moreover, the valley
offers adventure travel, crafts, entertainment facilities like the new casino and several social
gatherings and events in connection with the production of wine [24]. Ethno-tourism has
become a highly interesting programme for tourists because its impact on the environment is
relatively low and valorizes the indigenous culture of the country. The Chilean experience of
ethno-tourism begins in 1990.
Its objective was to generate new jobs for the Mapuche communities in the south of the
country. Training has been collectively done by NGOs and state-run institutions in
communities such as Contulmo (Biobío region), Curarrehue, Lonquimay, Pucón and Puerto
Saavedra (La Araucanía region). These training programmes aimed to show the trainees the
benefits of preserving the environment, how the various natural attractions - mostly connected
to mountain, river and lake resources of the area - could be of use and how to integrate the
cultural richness of the country. In the early years of the 21st century, Chile has attained a
leading position among the countries where trading is easily carried out [25]. This has led to
so-called “business tourism”, that is, travel for business purposes, visiting companies,
participating in trade fairs, conventions, congresses, seminars and work-related meetings, etc.
6 Axel Borsdorf, Carla Marchant Santiago and Rafael Sánchez

Currently, this kind of tourist activity already ranks third in the motivation of tourists to
choose Chile as a preferred destination [26].

2. TERRITORIAL IMPACT OF TOURISM IN CHILE

The development of the tourist activity has turned into an important cash flow for the
country. In the year 2000, Chile earned US$ 826.3 million (equivalent to 3.7% of the total of
exports and services) from tourism.
At the end of the first decade, this figure had risen to US$ 2,039 million [27]. Even if the
capital Santiago de Chile remains the main tourist destination (44.9%), new places have
started to come forth across the country3. The second destination is the coastal region of
Valparaíso – Viña del Mar (21.4%), the city of Arica and its surroundings in the region of
Arica and Parinacota occupies third place (19.4%), with the region of Puerto Montt – Puerto
Varas in fourth place (17.0%) [29]. This preference of tourists is reflected in the investments
in this activity. In recent years, private investment in the tourism industry has been steady,
with slight drops in times of economic turbulence (2002 – 2003 and 2009). In 2010, projects
aimed at tourism increased to more than US$ 2.3 billion (Figure 3). A large share of private
tourism projects has been devoted to real estate projects, second residences or timeshare
accommodation. During the last decade, the region of Valparaíso has stood out, concentrating
more than 37% of the total volume of investments in tourism, followed by the Metropolitan
Area of Santiago with 18.9% and Coquimbo with 18.8%.

Source: SERNATUR 2000-2010.

Figure 3. Total Private Investment in the tourism industry, between 2000 and 2010 (in thousands US$).

3
The emergence of such new tourist attractions in regions other than Santiago is also evident from the location of
travel agencies. In the year 2000, there were 1,100 travel agencies, mostly within the metropolitan region of
Santiago, 14% in the region of Valparaíso and 10.8% in the region of Los Lagos. In 2010, the number of
agencies had risen to 1,246, of which 33.3% were in the metropolitan area of Santiago, 19.3% in Valparaíso
and 8.7% in Los Lagos [28].
 Mountains, Deserts, Beaches and Glaciers 7

Source: SERNATUR 2000-2010.

Figure 4. Private investment in tourist projects by region, between 2000 and 2010 (in thousands US$).

However, as of 2005, other regions, such as Los Lagos, O’Higgins and La Araucanía
have also started to present significant growth in private investment (Figure 5). Unlike the
Metropolitan Region, where most investment is directed towards construction and
refurbishing of 5-star hotels (Ritz, Carlton, Crowne Plaza, Plaza El Golf and Intercontinental)
and culinary centres (Borde Río and Patio Bellavista), with a marked tendency towards
accommodating foreign visitors and business travellers. In both Valparaíso and Coquimbo,
touristic real-estate projects dominate (Puerto Velero, Puerta del Mar, Serena Norte, whereas
in San Alfonso del Mar, Marbella Resort and Resort Santa Augusta de Manureva Club
Mantagua, Cantagua and Costa Cachagua second residences and commercial buildings
govern.

2.1. Human Settlements and Tourism

The rapid growth of the tourism industry in the country has unleashed a series of
consequences for human settlements, either directly inside or in the environs of the cultural
and natural amenities, highly appreciated by both local and foreign holiday makers. One of
the most visited tourist destinations in the country is Easter Island (Rapa Nui, Spanish: Isla de
Pascua), a Polynesian island in the south-eastern Pacific Ocean, at the south-eastern-most
point of the Polynesian triangle. In 1995, the island was declared a UNESCO World Heritage
Site. The importance of the island in the tourism industry has attracted people from the
continent who regard this place as a reliable source of work. As a result, the settlement of
Hanga Roa grew from 2,686 inhabitants in the year 2000 to 3,304 in 2002. This has gone
hand in hand with a noticeable increase in the number of tourists, from 15,210 visitors in the
year 2000 to 46,886 individuals in 2010 [30]. This constant population increase (inhabitants
and tourists) has not only meant more economic resources but also put a heavy burden on the
limited natural resources of the island and endangered sustainability in the area [31] [32]. On
8 Axel Borsdorf, Carla Marchant Santiago and Rafael Sánchez

top of this, an ongoing conflict exists between the Chilean state and the native inhabitants of
the island. Rapa Nui was incorporated into the national territory in 1888, after an agreement
was signed between the islanders and the government of Chile [33]. However, in 1993, the
state decided to register the Island as their own territory, which triggered a call to return the
lands. This last episode occurred in 2010, when some Rapa Nui families took possession of
14 estates, which they claim to be their own property. The islanders also demanded some
other measures to be taken, such as controlling migration, creating a special bylaw for the
island, safeguarding the natural and cultural heritage and improvements in the budget
dedicated to Rapa Nui.
In order to provide a solution for this conflict, the authorities and representatives of Rapa
Nui established a programme aimed at searching for alternatives to these demands. First of
all, all demands for the lands were to be investigated and some properties have already been
returned to the islanders. As for migration and cultural heritage, a system of control was
established to stop people from avoiding the fee for entering the National Park: each tourist
gets a bracelet as confirmation that they have paid the entrance fee. In addition, another
system was created that returns the profit of the use of the facilities to the island (which until
today were distributed amongst all parks in Chile). At the same time, this strengthens the role
of the Commission for the Development of Easter Island (Comisión de Desarrollo de Isla de
Pascua –CODEIPA) that is in charge of deciding where to focus the resources among the
proposed causes. In education, the Total Immersion Programme in Rapa Nui Language was
developed, so that learners can learn in their own language. As for the infrastructure, it was
agreed to maintain all roads, to solve the lack of adequate sewerage, to construct a new
rubbish dump site and to improve all existing coves (inlets) on the island, which should foster
the traditional fishing techniques so important to the Rapa Nui community.
Another relevant settlement for the national tourism circuit is that of San Pedro de
Atacama, located east of Antofagasta. Up to the 1990s, this community simply was a
traditional indigenous population of atacameños, whose main economic activity was based on
subsistence agriculture and llama breeding and by using the water resources of the rivers San
Pedro and Vilama for their own profit [34]. However, since then, San Pedro de Atacama has
started to be appreciated as a place with outstanding natural attractions and unsurpassed
cultural richness. Between 1992 and 2002, the number of inhabitants of San Pedro de
Atacama increased from 955 to 1,938 individuals. On top of this, the number of tourists
jumped to 50,000 visitors per year, which makes San Pedro de Atacama the 10th most visited
destination in Chile, with 4.4% of total visits in 2009. This sudden growth is starting to attract
private investors who agree on the construction of almost a hundred facilities from luxury
resorts to camping sites and hostels. These facilities offer accommodation, recreation
activities, spa pools, excursions and culinary options. All these activities demand resources
such as electricity and particularly water. This has led to an uncontrolled extraction of water,
from mains to wells, many of which are illegal and have decreased the volume of the
supplying rivers. This is affecting the local agriculture and llama breeding and forcing the
native inhabitants to migrate to other settlements such as Guachar and Toconao. Although not
strictly part of tourism, amenity migration is a major trend in Chile. To a certain degree it
depends on tourist attractions and infrastructure in the respective destinations. Amenity
migration is defined as the movement of people to places, permanently or part time,
principally because of the actual or perceived higher environmental quality and cultural
differentiation of the destination [35]. It is part of the post-modern lifestyle mobility and
 Mountains, Deserts, Beaches and Glaciers 9

therefore also called “lifestyle migration” [36]. In Chile, there are several principal
destinations, such as Pisco, Olmué [37] [38]. The natural and cultural amenities as well as the
existing tourist infrastructure attract migrants from other Chilean regions, but also from
abroad, to move into these locations. The real estate business already reflects this demand and
offers appropriate dwellings, mostly as condominiums or pleasure lots.

3. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF TOURISTIC

ACTIVITY IN CHILE
In the age of global changes, tourism represents one of the key activities for non-
developed countries. The “shortening” of distances and the fast spread of information, will
consequently allow more people to access new destinations, which up to now were only
distant and restricted to a considerable portion of the global population. The increased value
of these new destinations associated to the protection and rescue of the cultural and natural
heritage of these areas, usually left aside of the traditional touristic tours, also has to be added.
Even if these processes represent opportunities, they also represent threats that will require a
combined solution from both the private and public sectors in terms of institutional capacity,
infrastructure, equipment, not leaving aside the sociocultural factor. Governments will
eventually have to reformulate their development strategies together with their institutional
and administrative organisation, establishing and modifying their current tourism policies and
other associated activities, in order for these to become a meaningful trigger for private
investments in terms of the search and exploitation of new touristic ressources. Together with
these transformations at institutional level, new infrastructure and equipment strategies at
both regional and local level will have to be established, in order to improve and foster the
flow and permanence of tourists. Last but not least, it will be necessary that the local
population assimilate and share this new economic strategy. That part of the population in
direct contact with tourists will have to be well trained, and also new strategies will have to be
developed for the spread and appreciation of the touristic targets in each and every country.
In spite of the many Chilean tourist amenities, tourist streams are still directed mainly to
certain Chilean regions like the capital and the sea spa Viña del Mar, as well as the southern
and southernmost provinces. In a national context, this is understandable, as vacations in
Chile are concentrated in the high summer month of February. Those inhabitants of Santiago
who can afford it flee to the moderate climates of the seashore and the south. The
international tourism industry recognizes these areas as main attractions because of their
excellent tourist infrastructure and neglect other no less attractive regions. So the most
important challenge for Chile is to intensify the promotion of the amenities these regions can
offer. Some of them have found new niches. The Aysén region has only recently started to
promote bicycle tourism on the relatively new Carretera Austral. Bikers from many overseas
countries populate this exciting track in summer. San Pedro de Atacama and Calama benefit
from the new international pass road to Argentina and receive tourists from Argentina,
Uruguay, Paraguay and Brazil. Ecotourism is another new incentive of some Chilean
destinations. However, Chile’s advertisements in international tourism are still directed to the
natural beauties of the foothills of the Cordillera, the seashore, the Atacama desert and
Western Patagonia, whereas the cultural life of Chileans is not recognized in the same
10 Axel Borsdorf, Carla Marchant Santiago and Rafael Sánchez

manner. This may surprise, as Chile has a variety of local, regional and indigenous cultures,
the “huasos” with their rodeos, the manifold regional festivals (La Tirana and others), the
Aymara in the north and the Mapuche in the south, the German colonists in the Lake Region
and the Patagonian pioneers in Aysén.
Even more surprising is that Chile is not promoting the manifold activities which could
be undertaken in the Cordillera. Ski tourism in winter is still underdeveloped (even if there
exist some remarkable projects such as “Termas de Chillán”, “Farellones” or “Valle
Nevado”), mountain hikes are hampered by the lack of marked trails and guided tours, the
infrastructure of national parks or biosphere reserves is incomplete, and – although a high-
quality tourist guide exists in four volumes in Spanish [39] – the information on offer for
international tourists is poor. Chile possesses an impressive offer of camping grounds of
reasonable quality all over the territory. However, it is only promoted at national level. Hook-
ups for motor homes are completely missing, as are motor caravans for rent. Mountain huts
exist, but they are so primitive that the Chilean-German Andean Clubs sold some of them and
leased others to persons unrelated to Andean activities. Chile started to implement a “Sendero
de Chile”, a hiking trail through the entire country, but the infrastructure and educational
information is still poor and there is no international promotion. It is hoped that this hiking
trail reaches 8,500 kilometers of extension and join different areas of natural and cultural
preservation [40]. There are a lot of opportunities to enhance tourism in Chile. The future will
show if Chile can leverage the manifold opportunities to improve offer and quality. We could
compare Chile to a wonderful hotel, of which only some rooms are open and others still
locked and waiting for inauguration.

CONCLUSION
Chile, which on the continent stretches over 4,300 km from North to South, cuts across
all non-tropical climates from deserts to rainforests and – with the inclusion of the Chilean
Antarctic – even ice climates. It offers manifold attractions for national and international
visitors. An increasing number of people even decides to have a second home or to move
permanently to this country attracted by its amenities. All year round tourism is facilitated by
the dry climates of the north and on Easter Island, whereas the touristic activities in the
central and southern regions are mainly restricted to the spring to autumn seasons. Chile
receives almost 5% of its foreign earnings (US$ 289 million in 2008) from international
tourism, and counted 2.7 million foreign stays in hotels. This is not very much compared with
Cataluña in Spain with 56 million or Andalucia with 47.9 million stays [41]. In South
America as a whole, tourism increased by 5.9% in 2009. In Brazil, earnings out of this
economic sector Brazil rose by 16.8% and in Peru by 11.9%. Chile augmented its income by
12% in the same year [42]. Not to reduce prices in times of crisis but to increase quality is the
motto of SERNATUR, the Chilean state tourism body. However, it must be doubted that this
strategy alone will bring more tourists to the Andean country. Much more relevant for future
development of the tourism industry in Chile is the incorporation of new destinations, the
appreciation of the Andes as a touristic attraction, the inclusion of the cultural heritage and
diversity in the tourism portfolio and the search for new and sustainable forms of recreation
and leisure.
 Mountains, Deserts, Beaches and Glaciers 11

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