Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Dr. S. Umesh Kanna is an Assistant Professor (Forestry) at Forest College and Research
Institute, TNAU, Mettupalayam. He has over 10 years of teaching, research and extension
experience and guided more than 15 research scholars. He had more than 85 peer reviewed papers,
12 books and 7 book chapters at his credit. He is specialized in dendrology, tree improvement and
biotechnology.
Dr. S. Vennila is borne at the faculty of forestry and currently working as a Assistant Professor at
Forest College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Mettupalayam. She
has got 3 books, and more than 25 research papers at her credits which were published in the
various peer reviewed national and international journals.
Dr. I. Sekar is a Professor of Forestry at Forest College and Research Institute, TNAU,
Mettupalayam. He is involved in teaching, research and extension for the past 20 years. He is
specialized in wood science and technology coupled with wood seasoning and had higher level
training at the University of Melbourne, Australia. He has published more than 5 books and over
70 research papers in forestry research.
Dr. K. Baranidharan is an Assistant Professor at Forest College and Research Institute, TNAU
and has 15 years of experience in teaching, research and extension activities. He has specialized in
mangroves, community forestry and wild life management and handled wild life courses to B.Sc
and M.Sc forestry students. He has undertaken several wildlife projects in western ghats and
published 3 books and 16 research papers in various national and international journals.
Forestry
– A Subjective Guide
for IFS Aspirants
K.T. Parthiban
R. Jude Sudhagar
S. Umesh Kanna
S. Vennila
I. Sekar
K. Baranidharan
E-mail: competitiontutor@gmail.com
Website: www.competitiontutor.co.in
© 2016, Authors
All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be reproduced,
adapted, abridged, translated, stored in a retrieval system, computer system, photographic or other
systems or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, by photocopying, recording
or otherwise, without written prior permission from the authors and the publishers.
Disclaimer: Whereas every effort has been made to avoid errors and omissions, this publication is being
sold on the understanding that neither the editors (or authors of chapters in edited volumes) nor the
publishers nor the printers would be liable in any manner to any person either for an error or for an
omission in this publication, or for any action to be taken on the basis of this work. Any inadvertent
discrepancy noted may be brought to the attention of the publishers, for rectifying it in future editions,
if published.
Printed in India
PREFACE
Forests and Forestry have generated immense interest in the Professional Forestry
Education offered across the country by the State Agricultural Universities, ICFRE
Institutes and other conventional universities. Professional Forestry education in India
incorporates all the facets of forestry viz., Fundamental aspects, managerial concepts,
technology developments and applied aspects of Forestry science. The success of
Forestry education is well reflected in the employment of Forestry graduates in
Government and private sectors. Of late, increasing demand for Forestry professionals
from multifarious organizations has created significant competition for Forestry oriented
jobs among the graduates of various disciplines. Paucity of a comprehensive text book
encompassing various aspects of Forestry science has been felt to be a major bottleneck
for graduates to be successful in competitive examinations.
Graduating students of Forestry and other graduates aspiring for competitive
examinations like the Indian Forest Service have to refer a wide range of books to cover
the entire syllabus. The authors being academicians of Forestry involved in teaching the
undergraduate and post graduate students in Forestry have long felt that the
graduating students and other graduates who select Forestry as a subject for
competitive examinations experience immense difficulties in referring to a wide range of
books. All the more, students of Forestry, officers from State Forest Departments and
Forestry academicians across the country have demanded a comprehensive book
covering all subjects of forestry in a simple and lucid language to learn the art and
science of forestry.
This necessitated conceptualization of a comprehensive text book on subjective
forestry which is titled as Forestry - A Subjective Guide for IFS Aspirants to cater
the needs of graduates of Forestry and other science and engineering graduates aspiring
for the Indian Forest Service. This book has 32 chapters viz., Introductory Forestry,
Regeneration of Trees, Tree Nursery, Silvicultural System, Mangroves, Cold Deserts,
Silviculture of Economic trees, Agroforestry & Social forestry, Joint Forest Management
(JFM), Tribology, Forest Soils, Soil Conservation, Watershed Management,
Environmental Conservation, Biodiversity, Tree Breeding and Improvement, Seed
Technology, Forest Management, Forest Working Plan, Forest Mensuration, Remote
Sensing, Surveying and Forest Engineering, Forest Ecology, Dendrology, Herbaria and
vi Forestry - A Subjective Guide for IFS Aspirants
Ethnobotany, Forest Utilisation, Non Wood Forest Products, Wood Seasoning, Wood
technology, Forest protection, Wildlife management, Forest economics and Forest policy
The text is prepared in a form which is easy to follow and the main focus is on enabling
the reader to understand and conceptualize the various aspects of Forestry to succeed in
competitive examinations.
The authors having been associated with teaching Forestry Education over years
have taken pains to refer several books to collect information and present in a simple
and readable form to meet the examination needs of the students and graduates alike.
The authors are indebted to acknowledge the authors of the books, journals, websites,
government documents like policy and acts from various sources as appended in the
reference section from which the needed information for the current book has been
referred and included.
The authors are thankful to Dr. S. Balaji, IFS, Principal Chief Conservator of
Forests (Research and Education), Tamil Nadu Forest Department for writing the
foreword besides providing critical suggestions for improving the book.
Thanks are also due to Mrs. R.D. Sharmila, Office Assistant who has patiently and
excellently carried out the compilation of the book. The senior author acknowledges the
help rendered by the undergraduate and postgraduate students of Forest College and
Research Institute, Mettupalayam in the process of collection of study materials. The
authors would like to thank Mr. Tanay Sharma, Scientific Publishers (India), Jodhpur
for inviting the authors to write this comprehensive subjective guide which we believe
will help all the graduates aspiring for IFS and State Forest Service Examinations.
This being a maiden attempt, there are chances of errors and omissions in the
contents. The readers of the book are most welcome to suggest corrections and additions
in the chapter contents which will enable us to improve in future editions.
Authors
CONTENTS
Section I
Clear felling - Uniform shelter wood selection - Coppice and conversion systems -
Management of silvicultural systems of temperate, subtropical, humid tropical, dry
tropical and coastal tropical forests - Enrichment methods - technical constraints -
intensive mechanized methods - aerial seeding.
5. Mangroves 65-75
Section II
Definition - Scope - Importance - Types of Agroforestry - Role of MPT and NTFP - Food,
Fodder, Fuel and Fibre security - Research and extension - Social Forestry - Scope and
objectives.
Tribal scene in India - Tribes - Concept of races - Principles of social grouping, stages of
tribal economy - Education - Cultural Tradition - Customs - Ethos and participation in
forestry programmes.
Forests Soils - Classification - factors affecting soil formation - Physical, chemical and
biological properties.
Definition - Causes for erosion - Types - Wind and water erosion - Conservation and
management of eroded soils/areas - Wind breaks - shelter belts; sand dunes -
Reclamation of saline and alkaline soils, water logged and other waste lands - Role of
forests in conserving soils. Maintenance and buildup of soil organic matter - Provision
of loppings for green leaf manuring - Forest leaf litter and composting - Role of
microorganisms in ameliorating soils - N and C cycles, VAM.
Pollution- types - global warming - green house effects - ozone layer depletion - acid rain
- impact and control measures - environmental monitoring - concept of sustainable
development - Role of trees and forests in environmental conservation - control and
prevention of air - water and noise pollution - Environmental policy and legislation in
India - Environmental Impact Assessment - Economics assessment of watershed
development vis-a-vis ecological and environmental protection.
General concept of tree improvement - methods and techniques - variation and its use -
provenance - seed source - exotics - quantitative aspects of forest tree improvement -
seed production and seed orchards - progeny tests - use of tree improvement in natural
forest and stand improvement - genetic testing programming - selection and breeding
for resistance to diseases - insects - adverse environment - the genetic base - forest
genetic resources and gene conservation in situ and ex-situ. Cost benefit ratio -
economic evaluation.
Seed and its importance - assessing harvestable maturity - seed dormancy- seed
germination - seed treatment - seed certification- seed act - rules - legislation - New
seed policy.
Section III
Forest surveying - Different methods of surveying - Maps and map reading - Basic
principles of forest engineering - Building materials and construction- Roads and
bridges - general principles - objects - types - simple design and construction of timber
bridges.
Section IV
Definition - Definition - Need and importance - General Principle - Air - Kiln Seasoning
- Seasoning defects.
1894 - 1952- 1988 - National Forest Policies - National Agroforestry Policy 2014
References 619-621