Example 3.

(a) FEM Model

Construct a table

Element Nod i Nod j A (m^2) E (N/m^2) L (m)

1 1 2 5.00E-04 6.90E+10 0.5
2 2 3 2.00E-04 1.01E+11 0.4
3 2 3 2.00E-04 1.01E+11 0.4
4 3 4 5.00E-04 7.30E+10 0.5

Create Matrix
Stiffness matrix in Local

1 2
k1 = 6.90E+07 -6.90E+07 1
-6.90E+07 6.90E+07 2

2 3
k2 = 5.05E+07 -5.05E+07 2
-5.05E+07 5.05E+07 3

2 3
k3 = 5.05E+07 -5.05E+07 2
-5.05E+07 5.05E+07 3
 Node Definition x (m)
1 0
2 0.5
3 0.9
4 1.4

AE/L
6.90E+07
5.05E+07
5.05E+07
7.30E+07

1 2 3 4
69000000 -69000000 1
-69000000 69000000 2
3
4

1 2 3 4
1
50500000 -50500000 2
-50500000 50500000 3
4

1 2 3 4
1
50500000 -50500000 2
-50500000 50500000 3
4
 3 4
k4 = 7.30E+07 -7.30E+07 3
-7.30E+07 7.30E+07 4

Assemble all matrix

Stiffness matrix in Global = Σ Ki

[k] 69000000 -69000000 0 0 u1

-69000000 170000000 -101000000 0 u2
0 -101000000 174000000 -73000000 u3
0 0 -73000000 73000000 u4

Matrix Equation Before Constraint

69000000 -69000000 0 0 u1
-69000000 170000000 -101000000 0 u2
0 -101000000 174000000 -73000000 u3
0 0 -73000000 73000000 u4

Matrix Equation After Constraint (Penalty Method) C= 1.00E+020

1.00E+20 -6.90E+07 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

-6.90E+07 1.70E+08 -1.01E+08 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 -1.01E+08 1.74E+08 -7.30E+07
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -7.30E+07 1.00E+20

INVERSE K AND SOLVE THE EQUATION

u1 1.00E-20
u2 =
u3
u4

u1 0.000000
u2
1 2 3 4
1
2
73000000 -73000000 3
-73000000 73000000 4

0
0
1000
0

0
0
1000
0

Bondary Cond
u1 0.00E+00 0
u2 0.00E+00
u3 = 1.00E+03
u4 1.00E+18 0.01

0
0
1000
1E+18
 u3 =
u4

Solution (b, c, d)

Element Nod i Nod j A E L

1 1 2 5.00E-04 6.90E+10 0.5
2 2 3 2.00E-04 1.01E+11 0.4
3 2 3 2.00E-04 1.01E+11 0.4
4 3 4 5.00E-04 7.30E+10 0.5

(f) Reaction force can be calculated by the following equation:

{RF} = [K] {u} – {F}

6.90E+07 -6.90E+07 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

-6.90E+07 1.70E+08 -1.01E+08 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 -1.01E+08 1.74E+08 -7.30E+07
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -7.30E+07 7.30E+07

-2.63E+05 0 -262879.3539
0 = 0.0000001813750714
- 1000 0
0 261879.3539
 N/m^2 N
AE/L ui uj δe=uj-ui εe=δe/Le σe=Ee*εe Fe=σe*Ae
6.90E+07 0.000000 0.003810 0.003810 0.007620 5.26E+08 2.63E+05
5.05E+07 0.003810 0.006413 0.002603 0.006507 6.57E+08 1.31E+05
5.05E+07 0.003810 0.006413 0.002603 0.006507 6.57E+08 1.31E+05
7.30E+07 0.006413 0.010000 0.003587 0.007175 5.24E+08 2.62E+05

0.00E+00 0
3.81E-03 - 0
6.41E-03 1000
1.00E-02 0
Example 3.7

(a) FEM Model

Construct a table

Element Nod i Nod j A (m^2) E (N/m^2) L (m)

1 1 2 5.00E-04 6.90E+10 0.5
2 2 3 2.00E-04 1.01E+11 0.4
3 2 3 2.00E-04 1.01E+11 0.4
4 3 4 5.00E-04 7.30E+10 0.5

Create Matrix
Stiffness matrix in Local

1 2
k1 = 6.90E+07 -6.90E+07 1
-6.90E+07 6.90E+07 2

2 3
k2 = 5.05E+07 -5.05E+07 2
-5.05E+07 5.05E+07 3

2 3
k3 = 5.05E+07 -5.05E+07 2
-5.05E+07 5.05E+07 3
 Node Definition x (m)
1 0
2 0.5
3 0.9
4 1.4

AE/L
6.90E+07
5.05E+07
5.05E+07
7.30E+07

1 2 3 4
69000000 -69000000 1
-69000000 69000000 2
3
4

1 2 3 4
1
50500000 -50500000 2
-50500000 50500000 3
4

1 2 3 4
1
50500000 -50500000 2
-50500000 50500000 3
4
 3 4
k4 = 7.30E+07 -7.30E+07 3
-7.30E+07 7.30E+07 4

Assemble all matrix

Stiffness matrix in Global = Σ Ki

[k] 69000000 -69000000 0 0 u1

-69000000 170000000 -101000000 0 u2
0 -101000000 174000000 -73000000 u3
0 0 -73000000 73000000 u4

Matrix Equation Before Constraint

69000000 -69000000 0 0 u1
-69000000 170000000 -101000000 0 u2
0 -101000000 174000000 -73000000 u3
0 0 -73000000 73000000 u4

Matrix Equation After Constraint (DE Method) u1=0; u4=0.01 m

1 -69000000 0 0
0 170000000 -101000000 0
0 -101000000 174000000 0
0 0 -73000000 1

INVERSE K AND SOLVE THE EQUATION

u2 = 8.98E-09 0
u3 731000

u2 0.003810
1 2 3 4
1
2
73000000 -73000000 3
-73000000 73000000 4

0
0
1000
0

0
0
1000
0

Bondary Cond
u1 0.00E+00 0
u2 0- (69*10^9((0)-(0)*(0.01)
u3 = 1000-(0)(0)-(-73*10^6)(0.01)
u4 1.00E-02 0.01
 u3 =

Solution (b, c, d)

Element Nod i Nod j A E L

1 1 2 5.00E-04 6.90E+10 0.5
2 2 3 2.00E-04 1.01E+11 0.4
3 2 3 2.00E-04 1.01E+11 0.4
4 3 4 5.00E-04 7.30E+10 0.5

(f) Reaction force can be calculated by the following equation:

{RF} = [K] {u} – {F}

6.90E+07 -6.90E+07 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

-6.90E+07 1.70E+08 -1.01E+08 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 -1.01E+08 1.74E+08 -7.30E+07
0.00E+00 0.00E+00 -7.30E+07 7.30E+07

-2.63E+05 0 -262879.3539
0 = 0.0000001813750714
- 1000 0
0 261879.3539
 N/m^2
AE/L ui uj δe=uj-ui εe=δe/Le σe=Ee*εe
6.90E+07 0.000000 0.003810 0.003810 0.007620 5.26E+08
5.05E+07 0.003810 0.006413 0.002603 0.006507 6.57E+08
5.05E+07 0.003810 0.006413 0.002603 0.006507 6.57E+08
7.30E+07 0.006413 0.010000 0.003587 0.007175 5.24E+08

0.00E+00 0
3.81E-03 - 0
6.41E-03 1000
1.00E-02 0
 N
Fe=σe*Ae
2.63E+05
1.31E+05
1.31E+05
2.62E+05