Report Assignment 2

UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
WATER DRAINAGING ASPHALT
Report Assignment 2
GROUP 29
GROUP PERSONNEL:
AJENG FADILAH BUDI RETNA PUTRI (1706104344)
BILQIS NUR FADHILAH (1606871341)
ELIANA STEFANI (1706104376)
FATIMA VANESSA (1606907865)
NAUFAL FARRAS AHADAN (1606871505)
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ENGINEERING FACULTY
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
MARCH 2019
EXCECUTIVE SUMMARY
The built environment seals the surface which may contribute to flooding,
also it can weaken the pavement, causing cracks to expand and encouraging the
formation of potholes. For these reasons, managing a puddle is a significant issue
in land use planning and development. This future product is going to have a
hydrophilic surface, that can absorb water. Hydrophilic surface has a special affinity
for water, so it has the ability to dissolve water. The solubility process in a
hydrophilic surface is governed by the balance of intermolecular forces between
molecules of liquid and solid, together with an entropy change that accompanies
dissolution and solvation.
Based on the survey that have conducted to correspondents from road users
and from company that is responsible in making the pavement that have been
interpreted in the last assignment, the concept of asphalt that is water drainage is
formulated. The concept formulations are combination of the existing asphalt
products and the genuinely new from brainstorming activity and results 102 product
concepts. Those concepts are then selected by RVF method to eliminate the
unrealistic concepts where 80 product concepts are eliminated and leaving 22
product concepts. Those product concepts are selected by two-stage concept
selection methodology which are concept screening and concept scoring. During
the concept screening method, 22 product concepts is marked with “+”, “0”, and “-
“ compared to a reference for 5 criteria which are performance, durability, texture,
engineering ease, and market where concepts number 1, 4, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 17, 20,
21, and 22 are passed through the screening process.
The concept that has been selected may be expressed in more detail so a
deeper selection criterion is needed for make analysis for every concept that has
been selected before. Those criteria have certain weight which are determined by
value engineering methodology. The 12 product concepts are rated with “1”, “2”,
“3”, “4”, and “5” where each of rating is described for each criteria which have
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been mentioned. Each rating are multiplied with its weight and summed to get the
final score.
The final score for each concepts are then compared to rank the concept and
result concept number 9 as the best concept. From this selection methodology, the
selected concept is water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen with oven
aging method that contains styrene butadiene styrene and silica sand with the
angularity <82%, aggregate diameter <50mm, and hardness material, with manual
installation techniques, and reapplied as the maintaining techniques, that have all
the additional value.
To see whether the concept propose fulfilled consumer’s needs and to see
their interest on the selected concept, concept testing is conducted towards 15
respondents. The results are most respondents show interest in waterproof asphalt
that can drainage the water, the price is around Rp15.000, and have a strong
structure. Therefore, it is concluded that the product concept is accepted by the
potential customer.
The final product specification is then determined based on the previous data
where it is categorized from drainage rate, tensile strength, lifetime, price, particle
size, aggregate diameter, angularity and contact angle. To find out about the new
product’s position and chance in the market, a perceptual mapping is generated to
depict the product’s existence relative to the available similar products. This
product is compared to porous asphalt, concrete asphalt, and mixture bitumen. The
parameters used to compare these products are water drainage rate, mechanical
properties of product, applicable in any kind of pavement, product lifetime and
durability, the complexity of manufacturing process and equipment, the complexity
of installation technique, easy to find the materials for manufacturing process, the
complexity of maintenance technique, and the last one is have an affordable price.
The final concept of product has better value to answer customer’s needs
especially in drying rate, product weight, and product size and also from the
additional values that will be presented on the product as well from customer’s
testing step that have been done.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXCECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................... ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................... iv
LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................... v
LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................... vi
CHAPTER 1 GENERATING PRODUCT CONCEPT ........................... 1
1.1. Background.................................................................................... 1
1.2. Problem Definition ........................................................................ 2
1.3. Existing Concept ........................................................................... 4
1.4. Problem Identification .................................................................. 8
1.5 Combine Concept ........................................................................ 12
CHAPTER 2 CONCEPT SELECTION .................................................... 1
2.1. Concept Screening....................................................................... 19
2.1.1 Concept Screening Matrix Preparation ....................................... 24
2.1.2 Rate the Concept ......................................................................... 24
2.1.3 Concept Screening Matrix .......................................................... 25
2.1.4 Concept Ranking and Concept Selection ................................... 27
2.2. Concept Scoring .......................................................................... 30
2.2.1 Concept Scoring Matrix Preparation .......................................... 30
2.2.2. Concept Rating .......................................................................... 32
2.2.3 Concept Scoring Matrix .............................................................. 36
2.2.4 Concept Ranking and Concept Selection ................................... 39
2.3. Concept Testing ........................................................................... 39
2.3.1 Concept Testing Purposes .......................................................... 39
2.3.2 Survey Population and Survey Method ...................................... 39
2.3.3 Costumer Response Measurement .............................................. 40
2.3.4 Result Interpretation ................................................................... 42
CHAPTER 3 FINAL SPECIFICATION ................................................ 44
3.1 Product Description .................................................................... 44
3.2 Product Positioning ..................................................................... 46
3.3 Product Specification .................................................................. 50
CONCLUSION .......................................................................................... 51
REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 53
APPENDIX I .............................................................................................. 55
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 Mind Map of Existing Water Drainaging Asphalt Unit Concept. 5
Figure 1.2 Mind Map of New Water Drainaging Asphalt ............................. 9
Figure 1.3 Mind Map of Existing-New Water Drainaging Asphalt ............ 13
Figure 2.1 Respond for Question 1…………………………………………40
Figure 2.2 Respond for Question 2 .............................................................. 41
Figure 3.1 Perceptual Mapping Figure……………………………………..48
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 Properties of the Product ......................................................................... 1

Table 1.2 Existing Product ...................................................................................... 6
Table 1.3 The Description of New Water Drainage Asphalt ................................ 10
Table 1.4 Combining Concept .............................................................................. 14
Table 2.1 Remaining Concepts after RVF Method ............................................... 19
Table 2.2 List of Criteria ....................................................................................... 24
Table 2.3 Concept Screening ................................................................................ 26
Table 2.4 Concept Selected from Screening Process ............................................ 27
Table 2.5 Scoring Selection Criteria ..................................................................... 31
Table 2.6 Rating the Concept Ideas ...................................................................... 33
Table 2.7 Description of Rating Score .................................................................. 34
Table 2.8 Concept Scoring Matrix ........................................................................ 37
Table 3.1 Product Description……………………………………………………44
Table 3.2 Product Positioning Score ..................................................................... 47
Table 3.4 Final Product Specification ................................................................... 50
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CHAPTER 1
GENERATING PRODUCT CONCEPT
From previous assignments, we have identified market needs by

interviewing and distributing questionnaires to about 136 respondents. The results
show that most think water drainaging asphalt will solve road nowadays problem.
Especially, this water drainaging asphalt is very needed in the roadways and in the
residential street. As for the need, now we will produce a new concept, this new
concept later. This new concept will be evaluated, filtered, assessed and selected.
Once selected, the concept will be tested to the market by interview to see if the
concept is good enough to compete and satisfy consumer needs. Steps to generate
new ideas are as follows;
 Lower sub-issues smaller than major problems.
 Find ideas of existing product concepts; which is the current marketing
product with similar functionality.
 Decide on new product concept ideas based on innovation.
 Combine existing product concepts and new ideas generated.
 Create a concept tree to see the whole look and get rid of "junk" and
impossible concepts.
1.1. Background
Before we generate and develop any concepts and select one of them to be
the best concept, we must know first the very goal of our product, so any any new
concept who are generated by us is concerned with this purpose. We want to make
an “Water Drainaging Asphalt” with the properties as below (as written in the end
of our 1st assignment).
Table 1.1 Properties of the Product
No Properties
1 Durability
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2
Table 1. 1 Properties of the Product (Cont’d)
No Properties
2 Drainage water
3 Good thermal resistance
4 User friendly
5 Applicable in any kind of road
6 Easy to be maintained
7 Easy to be obtained
8 Have an affordable price
9 Environmentally friendly
10 Safety aspect
11 Product lifetime
As the properties we are listed above, at the end of all product design
processes, (1) the product will be able to drainage the water but still have a good
durability (2) product that is user friendly, easy to be obtained and to be maintained;
(3) safe for the environment; Also (4) has an affordable price but will long life. The
main purpose of our product is determined by issues that especially during the rainy
season, on the streets it will be easy to find puddles even floods which then cause
the pothole to form. And consumer demand leads to these traits; especially the first
and the second. Thus, we focus on meeting the needs and concepts that can produce
the asphalt that will drainage the water, have a good durability, and have long life.
The main reason why the group is more concerned with producing and
developing new concepts that meet the first and fourth requirements. Because in
Indonesia there is no asphalt that could drainage the water but will not crack or
damage then cause the pothole so it will not need to be maintained often.
Therefore, to make our new generated concepts more clearly, we declare the
specification of our device that is Water Drainaging Asphalt as following:
1.2. Problem Definition

Splitting (decomposing) step aims to break the underlying theme of product
design into sub-problems so it is easier for developing the theme. In addition, the
splitting also aims to analyse the sub-function of prime problem statement. Splitting
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for product design “Water Drainaging Asphalt” is as follow. So, from the words
“Water Drainaging Asphalt”, we breakdown the word by word and make questions
based and related on those words. This is one of the most effective way to create
ideas, as we create them a good manner that satisfy the consumer needs directly
from the problem.
Water Drainaging Asphalt
a. Water Drainaging
 What is water drainaging?
 What is the function of water drainaging?
 What is the basic principle of water draianaging?
 What materials are used to water drainaging?
 How to process water draianaging?
 What is the most suitable method to make a water drainaging
asphalt?
b. Asphalt
 Could we make an asphalt that drainage the water?
 How will the structure of the water drainage asphalt be?
 What is the asphalt composition that can drainage the water?
 Could we make a water drainage asphalt that is easy to applied?
 Could we make a water drainage asphalt for the environment?
 How long will the asphalt last without being repaired?
 What are the effects of asphalt that drainage water?
 Could we make a water drainage asphalt that can be applied to multi
kind of pavement?
From splitting the main problem into sub-problems above, the next step to be
done is the development and discovery of ideas related to the theme of the product
design by referring to the ideas in existing product combined with new ideas that
do not exist at all or are still in the development stage
4
1.3. Existing Concept

After we see the sub-problem derived from the big problem, now we go on to
see the ideas and concepts of the existing products. As we knew, a concept of a
product consists of the way or the mechanism of its work and also the form of the
product. Especially for our product design, which is water drainaging asphalt, the
concepts consist of the form of the product and the mechanism to drainage water.
Water drainaging asphalt that has additional function and that is have a good
thermal resistance. While the water drainaging asphalt on existing products are
made by porous asphalt. Therefore, we incorporate the function of hydrophilic
material addition as our working principle is to get an asphalt that have a good
ability to drainage the water and an asphalt that have a high durability. For existing
products, we incorporate producing porous asphalt and hydrophilic material
addition. Water drainaging asphalt here are based on survey results of consumers'
needs on innovations to be held on the product and are already available to form a
concept list that exists on the tree concept. The concept of water drainage asphalt
that is below is divided into several categories, namely concrete asphalt and porous
asphalt. They differ in content and mechanisms, but contribute content in drainage
asphalt to the standard level. The choice of this method will depend on different
factors such as material, installation techniques, and maintaining.
5
Figure 1.1 Mind Map of Existing Water Drainaging Asphalt Unit Concept
6
Table 1.2 Existing Product
No Existing Product Brief Description Weakness

Concrete roads are highly
durable and more High cost and in case
environmentally friendly as the concrete road
1 Concrete Asphalt compared to asphalt roads. breaks, the whole
However, asphalt paving concrete slab needs to
costs far less than concrete be replaced.
paving
Designed with a subsurface
reservoir that holds water
that passes through the
Clog within the
2 Porous Asphalt pavement, allowing it to
pavement
evaporate and/or percolate
slowly into the surround
soils.
Drain pipe will collect water
that is trapped under the
Modern materials
asphalt and channel it away
processing, handling,
to a ditch or catch basin.
and placement often
Collect and drain off surface
result in base and
3 Drainage Pipes and subsurface water.
subbase courses that
Prevent or retard erosion of
do not adequately
embankments. Intercept
drain or transmit
water from surrounding
water.
areas and carry it away from
the pavement
Cracking, distortion,
Asphalt bitumen is a binding
disintegration,
organic material made from
4 Mixture Bitumen skidding hazards, and
the by-products of refined
surface treatment
crude oil.
distresses
7
Table.1.2 Existing Product (Cont’d)
Existing
No Brief Description Weakness
Product
Waste glass that is
crushed and screened can
be used as a portion of
fine aggregate in asphalt
paving mixes.
Satisfactory performance Hot mix asphalt surface
has been obtained from course pavements with more
hot mix asphalt than 15 percent waste glass
Waste Lime for
5 pavements incorporating may experience deterioration
asphalt
10 to 15 percent crushed due to stripping of the
glass in wearing surface asphalt cement binder from
mixes. Higher blends, the waste glass.
incorporating perhaps up
to 25 percent, could
potentially be used in
base or binder course
mixes.
These roads are made
from recycled plastics.
The plastics involved in  When melted, plastics
building these roads of different types may
consists mainly of phase-separate and
common post-consumer cause structural
products. Some of the weaknesses, which
most common plastics can lead to premature
used in packaging are failure.
polyethylene  Plastics in the road
Plastic for terephthalate (PET or can break down
6
asphalt PETE, polyvinyl into microplastics and
chloride (PVC), can find their way into
polypropylene (PP) and the soil and
high-density waterways. These
polyethylene (HDPE and microplastics can also
LDPE). These materials absorb other
are first sorted from pollutants.
plastic waste. After
sorting, the material is
cleaned, dried and
shredded.
8
From Table 1.2, the existing materials of the solar panels are described to
give a deeper understanding of the characteristics of the materials which has been
so that it will be easier to imagine the concept of the desired product in order to
answer the needs described in Assignment 1.
1.4. Problem Identification

We produce and generate new ideas and brainstorm them to become new
concepts for the product. As we discuss, the concepts are getting more variative
and more creative. Thus, these concepts, despite of their added value, must be
chosen again after combined with existing product concept to ensure the logic of
the concept. However as this is the early step of the concept generation, all of the
new ideas must be included.
The new product’s ideas concept can be reviewed from a work or its form.
The concept that offered better to additional functions of our main products. New
concepts that offer an idea that hasn't been thought of or done someone and being
able to have the concept of effectiveness and efficiency is needed.
The mind map of concept of existing product is shown below:
9
Figure 1.2 Mind Map of New Water Drainaging Asphalt
10
Table 1.3 The Description of New Water Drainage Asphalt
No. New Concept Description of the Concept
Hydrophilic surface has a special affinity for water, so it

has the ability to dissolve water. The solubility process
in a hydrophilic surface is governed by the balance of
intermolecular forces between molecules of liquid and
Hydrophilic
1 solid, together with an entropy change that accompanies
Material addition
dissolution and solvation. If the water droplet spreads,
wetting a large area of the surface, and the contact angle
less than 90o, the surface is hydrophilic. It explains more
detailed how these hydrophilic works.
The horizontal (inclined) forces exerted on the road
surface because there was a general spill phenomenology
for liquid spills occurring on relatively impermeable
2 Inclined Asphalt
surfaces such as concrete or asphalt pavement and the
development and application of a model to describe the
time evolution of such spills.
Field cores were acquired from seven field projects at
construction and several months afterwards, and raw
materials were also collected for fabricating laboratory
specimens that were long-term oven aged (LTOA) in
accordance with selected protocols. LTOA protocols of
two weeks at 140°F (60°C) and five days at 185°F
Oven ageing
3 (85°C) produced mixtures with equivalent in-service
Method
field ageing of 7–12 months and 12–23 months,
respectively, depending on climate. With WMA
technology, recycled materials, and aggregate absorption
exhibited a significant effect on the long-term ageing
characteristics of asphalt mixtures, while production
temperature and plant type had no effect.
11
Table 1.3 The Description of New Water Drainage Asphalt (Cont’d)
No. New Concept Description of the Concept
Widely used as an adsorbent. This is caused by the ease

of production and also some other advantages, namely
very inert, hydrophilic, has thermal stability and
relatively does not expand in organic solvents. Due to its
4 Silica Sand
spherical shape, high specific area, very tiny size and
higher density compared to bitumen, presents an inherent
potential to accelerate molecular randomization
movements.
Have good abrasion resistance and good aging stability
when protected by additives. From the experimental
Styrene results, it can be concluded that the mixes modified with
5 Butadiene SBR polymer have shown an improved fatigue and
Styrene permanent deformation characteristics as well as
superior elastic properties as a characterized via resilient
modulus
Enhances the equilibrium degree of bitumen recession
from silica surface, while negligible change has been
6 Ionic Liquid
observed when the bitumen coated plate was put into the
pure ionic liquids
Used in association with soil, have the ability to separate,
filter, reinforce, protect, or drain. Typically made from
polypropylene or polyester, geotextile fabrics come in
7 Geotextile
three basic forms; woven (resembling mail bag sacking),
needle punched (resembling felt), or heat bonded
(resembling ironed felt).
Vacuum Washing with clean, low-pressure water, followed by
8
Industry immediate vacuuming.
12
In this Table 1.3, the team of this project is looking for other concepts by
expanding the characteristic of the product, new product concepts will be broken
down into other possible types of solar panels, battery types, compatibility with
other electronic devices, and the shape of product that allows the solar charger to
be a moveable device.
1.5 Combine Concept

After we see the existing products and take their concept and also generate
ideas, we can now declare the concepts. The concepts here are not only the existing
concepts but we also added new concepts. This is our combine concept:
13
Figure 1.3 Mind Map of Existing-New Water Drainaging Asphalt
:For Existing Concept

:For New Concept
Table 1.4 Combining Concept
No Concepts RVF
1 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen with hydrophilic OK
material addition such as silica sand and the oven ageing method, with
the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter <50mm, and hardness
material, with manual installation techniques, and reapplied as the
maintaining techniques, that have all the additional value
2 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen with oven ageing OK
method, and contains styerene butadiene styerene with the angularity
<82%, aggregate diameter <50mm, and hardness material, with manual
installation techniques, and reapplied as the maintaining techniques, that
has all the additional value
4 Water drainage asphalt that has a porous structure with oven ageing OK
method and the material are waste lime and silica sand with the
angularity <82%, aggregate diameter <50mm, and hardness material,
with manual installation techniques, and vacuum as the maintaining
techniques, that have all the additonal value
method and the material are syterene butadiene styerene and silica sand
with the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter <50mm, and hardness
material, with manual installation techniques, and vacuum as the
6 Water drainage asphalt that has a porous structure with hydrophilic OK

15
Table 1.4 Combining Concept (Cont’d)
No Concepts RVF
material addition such as silica sand and combined it with ionic liquid,
and has the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter <50mm, and hardness
9 Water drainage asphalt that has a porous asphalt structure with OK

hydrophilic material addition such as silica sand and combined it with
ionic liquid, and has the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter <50mm,
and hardness material, with manual installation techniques, and vacuum
as the maintaining techniques, that have all the additional value
15 Water drainage asphalt that has porous asphalt and geotextile structure OK
and contains silica with the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter
<50mm, and hardness material, with manual installation techniques, and
vacuum as the maintaining techniques, that have all the additional value
17 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen with oven aging OK
method that contains styrene butadiene styerene and silica sand with the
with manual installation techniques, and reapplied as the maintaining
techniques, that have all the additional value
18 Water drainage asphalt that has a porous structure that contains styrene OK
butadiene styerene and silica sand with the angularity <82%, aggregate
diameter <50mm, and hardness material, with manual installation
techniques, and vacuum as the maintaining techniques, that have all the
additional value
butadiene styrene and waste lime with the angularity <82%, aggregate
techniques, and vacuum as the maintaining techniques, that have all the
additional value
16
No Concepts RVF
22 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen that contains OK

styrene butadiene styerene and silica sand with the angularity <82%,
aggregate diameter <50mm, and hardness material, with manual
have all the additional value
23 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen that contains OK

styrene butadiene styerene and waste lime with the angularity <82%,
31 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with porous in a pavement OK

structure, that using silica sand material with the angularity <82% vol;
aggregate diameter <50mm; and hardness material, recoating used for
maintenance, manual techniques for installation, and have all the added
values

structure, using plastic material to reach the asphalt criteria with the
angularity <82% vol; aggregate diameter <50mm; and hardness
material, reapplied used for maintenance, spraying techniques for
installation, have all the added values
39 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with geotextile in a OK

pavement structure, that has plastic material to reach the asphalt criteria
with the angularity <82% vol; aggregate diameter <50mm; and hardness
material, reapplied used for maintenance, manual techniques for
installation, and all the added values include
17
No Concepts RVF
40 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with mixture bitumen in a OK

pavement structure, that has silica sand material to reach the asphalt
criteria with the angularity <82% vol; aggregate diameter <50mm; and
hardness material, reapplied used for maintenance, manual techniques
for installation,and all the added values include
51 Water drainage asphalt using principle of the oven ageing method, with OK
mixture bitumen in a pavement structure, that has silica sand material to
reach the asphalt criteria with the angularity <82% vol; aggregate
diameter <50mm; and hardness material, recoating used for
maintenance, manual techniques for installation, that have all the added
values
diameter <50mm; and hardness material, reapplied used for
maintenance, coating techniques for installation, that have all the added
values
values
66 Water drainaging asphalt with hydrophilic material addition such as a OK

silica sand with the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter <50mm, and
hardness material, with filter fabric in pavement structure, with coating
in installation techniques and reapplied in maintaining techniques,
reduce noise and friction resistance
18
No Concepts RVF

hardness material, with the mixture of bitumen, with coating techniques
in installation and reapplied techniques in maintaining, multiple kind of
pavement, enviromental friendly, and good thermal resistance

silica sand and waste lime with the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter
<50mm, and hardness material, with geotextile in a pavement structure,
with manual process techniques in installation and recoating in
maintaining techniques, can be used in multiple kind of pavements,
reduce noise, and based on SNI
19
CHAPTER 2
CONCEPT SELECTION
2.1. Concept Screening

After eliminating some of the concepts that are not feasible by RVF Method,
it has been gotten fewer concepts remaining. These concepts then go onto screening
process. The main goals of screening the concept is to narrow the number of
concepts quickly and improve the concept. In this screening process, the concepts
are compared with some criteria that comes from the customer needs data. There
are some steps to do in this process, they are:
 Prepare the selection matrix
 Rate the concepts
 Rank and select the concepts
The remaining concepts which undergo screening is listed in the Table 2.1.
Table 2.1 Remaining Concepts after RVF Method
No Concept
1 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen with
hydrophilic material addition such as silica sand and the oven ageing
method, with the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter <50mm, and
hardness material, with manual installation techniques, and reapplied
as the maintaining techniques, that have all the additional value.
2 Water drainage asphalt that has a porous asphalt with oven ageing
method, and contains styrene butadiene styrene with the angularity
<82%, aggregate diameter <50mm, and hardness material, with
manual installation techniques, and reapplied as the maintaining
techniques, and has friction resistance as the additional value.
35
Table 2.1 Remaining Concepts after RVF Method (Cont’d)
No Concept
3 Water drainage asphalt that has a porous structure with oven ageing
angularity <82%, aggregate diameter <50mm, and hardness
maintaining techniques, that have all the additional value.
4 Water drainage asphalt that has a porous structure with oven ageing
method and the material are styrene butadiene styrene and silica
sand with the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter <50mm, and
hardness material, with manual installation techniques, and vacuum
as the maintaining techniques, that have all the additional value.
5 Water drainage asphalt that has a porous structure with hydrophilic
material addition such as silica sand and the oven ageing method,
hydrophilic material addition such as silica sand and combined it
with ionic liquid, and has the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter
<50mm, and hardness material, with manual installation techniques,
and reapplied as the maintaining techniques, that have all the
additional value.
7 Water drainage asphalt that has a porous asphalt structure with
hydrophilic material addition such as silica sand and combined it
with ionic liquid, and has the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter
<50mm, and hardness material, with manual installation techniques,
and vacuum as the maintaining techniques, that have all the
additional value.
21
No Concept
8 Water drainage asphalt that has porous asphalt and geotextile
structure and contains silica with the angularity <82%, aggregate
techniques, and vacuum as the maintaining techniques, that have all
the additional value.
9 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen with oven
aging method that contains styrene butadiene styrene and silica sand
10 Water drainage asphalt that has a porous structure that contains
styrene butadiene styrene and silica sand with the angularity <82%,
installation techniques, and vacuum as the maintaining techniques,
that have all the additional value.
styrene butadiene styrene and waste lime with the angularity <82%,
installation techniques, and vacuum as the maintaining techniques,
that have all the additional value.
12 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen that contains
styrene butadiene styrene and silica sand with the angularity <82%,
installation techniques, and reapplied as the maintaining techniques,
that have all the additional value
22
No Concept
13 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen that contains
installation techniques, and reapplied as the maintaining techniques,
14 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with porous asphalt
structure, that using silica sand material with the angularity <82%
vol; aggregate diameter <50mm; and hardness material, recoating
used for maintenance, manual techniques for installation, and have
all the added values
15 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with porous structure,
using plastic material to reach the asphalt criteria with the angularity
<82% vol; aggregate diameter <50mm; and hardness material,
vacuum method used for maintenance, manual techniques for
16 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with geotextile in a
pavement structure, that has plastic material to reach the asphalt
criteria with the angularity <82% vol; aggregate diameter <50mm;
and hardness material, reapplied used for maintenance, manual
techniques for installation, and all the added values include
17 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with mixture bitumen
in a pavement structure, that has silica sand material to reach the
asphalt criteria with the angularity <82% vol; aggregate diameter
<50mm; and hardness material, reapplied used for maintenance,
manual techniques for installation, and all the added values include
23
No Concept
18 Water drainage asphalt using principle of the oven ageing method,
with mixture bitumen in a pavement structure, that has silica sand
material to reach the asphalt criteria with the angularity <82% vol;
aggregate diameter <50mm; and hardness material, recoating used
for maintenance, manual techniques for installation, that have all the
added values
19 Water drainage asphalt using principle of the oven ageing method,
with mixture bitumen in a pavement structure, that has silica sand
material to reach the asphalt criteria with the angularity <82% vol;
aggregate diameter <50mm; and hardness material, reapplied used
for maintenance, coating techniques for installation, that have all the
added values
20 Water drainaging asphalt with hydrophilic material addition such as
a silica sand with the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter <50mm,
and hardness material, with filter fabric in pavement structure, with
coating in installation techniques and reapplied in maintaining
techniques, reduce noise and friction resistance
21 Water drainaging asphalt with mixture bitumen in a pavement
structure, hydrophilic material addition such as a silica sand with the
material, with the mixture of bitumen, with manual process in
installation and reapplied techniques in maintaining, multiple kind of
pavement, environmentally friendly, and good thermal resistance
22 Water drainaging asphalt with hydrophilic material addition such as
a silica sand and waste lime with the angularity <82%, aggregate
diameter <50mm, and hardness material, with geotextile in a
pavement structure, with manual process techniques in installation
and recoating in maintaining techniques, can be used in multiple
kind of pavements, reduce noise, and based on SNI
24
2.1.1 Concept Screening Matrix Preparation

Concept screening matrix consists of concept column and selection
criteria. The selection criteria should be considered based on the consumer
needs data. By these criteria, the concept ideas will be compared with the
reference concept. The reference concept is one of the remaining concepts
which is the most common idea among consumer and already exists in
commercialized product. Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with
porous structure, using plastic material to reach the asphalt criteria with the
angularity <82% vol; aggregate diameter <50mm; and hardness material,
vacuum method used for maintenance, manual techniques for installation, have
all the added values, which is concept number 15 is chosen as the reference
concept since this product is the most common water drainage asphalt product
in the market and widely consumed.
2.1.2 Rate the Concept

Rating the concept is done by comparing a concept with the reference
concept. Those concepts will be compared by some criteria. These criteria are
selected by discussing with all of the group member. In the Table 2.2 has been
listed the five criteria to be used in rating concept process.
Table 2.2 List of Criteria
No Criteria Parameter
1 Performance The product must be able to drainage water
effectively, based on SNI (penetration rate, tensile
strength, density of the asphalt).
2 Durability Using oven ageing method and marshall test to
determine its resistance to weathering, aging and
traffic loading or as the ability to resist change due
to these destructive or deteriorative factors.
25
Table 2.2 List of Criteria (Cont’d)
No Criteria Parameter
3 Texture The product must be user-friendly so that it is
comfortable and safe when used.
4 Engineering The product should be easy to manufacture, easy to
Ease install, easy to find the materials for it, and easy
maintenance technique.
5 Market The product should have low cost to lure customers
road contractor to buy the product.
Some scores are used to give rating to the concepts and to compare
with reference concept. The scores consist of:
 Score plus (+) to indicate that the concept is better than reference concept.
 Score minus (-) to indicate that the concept is worse than reference
concept.
 Score zero (0) to indicate that the concept has the same quality with
reference concept.
2.1.3 Concept Screening Matrix

After having criteria and scoring method, the concept screening matrix can
be made. In this matrix, all of the concepts remaining will be compared with
reference concept. In this matrix, the concepts also will be ranked by summing
all of the criteria rating for each concept. Ranking the concept is used to get
some of best concepts based on the criteria. The concept screening matrix is
showed in Table 2.3 below
26
Table 2.3 Concept Screening
Screening Concept
Criteria Reference
(15) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Performance 0 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 -1 -1 +1
Durability 0 +1 0 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1 +1
Texture 0 +1 0 0 0 0 +1 0 0 +1 0 0 +1 +1 0 -1 +1 +1 0 +1 +1 +1
Engineering 0 +1 +1 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 +1 0 -1 +1 -1 -1 -1 0 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1
Ease
Market 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 +1 +1 +1 +1 -1
Amount of + 0 4 1 2 2 2 3 2 1 4 2 1 4 3 2 2 3 4 1 3 3 3
Amount of - 0 0 2 3 1 3 2 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 3 3 1 1 3 2 2 2
Amount of 0 5 1 0 1 2 1 0 1 2 0 2 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
Total 0 4 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 3 1 -1 3 1 -1 -1 2 3 -2 1 1 1
Amount
Ranking 5 1 6 6 4 6 4 6 6 2 4 6 2 4 6 6 3 2 7 4 4 4
Selections Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes
27
2.1.4 Concept Ranking and Concept Selection

The concept ranking has been done in the screening matrix above. By
this ranking result will be determined the selected concepts and also eliminated
concepts. The concepts which are on the first and the second rank are selected
and qualified to the next step, which is concept scoring. The first rank is the
best concept based on the screening criteria. The second rank is also qualified
to the next step because the second rank concepts are also good concepts based
the criteria and also to enrich the choice of concepts. Table 2.4 below shows
the selected concepts which are qualified to the concept scoring process.
Table 2.4 Concept Selected from Screening Process
Concept Concept
Number
hydrophilic material addition such as silica sand and the oven
ageing method, with the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter
<50mm, and hardness material, with manual installation
techniques, and reapplied as the maintaining techniques, that
4 Water drainage asphalt that has a porous structure with oven
ageing method and the material are styrene butadiene styrene
and silica sand with the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter
techniques, and vacuum as the maintaining techniques, that
hydrophilic material addition such as silica sand and combined
it with ionic liquid, and has the angularity <82%, aggregate
diameter <50mm, and hardness material, with manual
installation techniques, and reapplied as the maintaining
28
Table 2.4 Concept Selected from Screening Process (Cont’d)
Concept Concept
Number
oven aging method that contains styrene butadiene styrene and
silica sand with the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter
techniques, and reapplied as the maintaining techniques, that
styrene butadiene styrene and silica sand with the angularity
<82%, aggregate diameter <50mm, and hardness material,
with manual installation techniques, and vacuum as the
12 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen that
contains styrene butadiene styrene and silica sand with the
material, with manual installation techniques, and reapplied as
the maintaining techniques, that have all the additional value
13 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen that
contains styrene butadiene styrene and waste lime with the
material, with manual installation techniques, and reapplied as
15 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with porous
structure, using plastic material to reach the asphalt criteria
with the angularity <82% vol; aggregate diameter <50mm; and
hardness material, vacuum method used for maintenance,
manual techniques for installation, have all the added values
29
Concept Concept
Number
17 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with mixture
bitumen in a pavement structure, that has silica sand material
to reach the asphalt criteria with the angularity <82% vol;
aggregate diameter <50mm; and hardness material, reapplied
used for maintenance, manual techniques for installation, and
all the added values include
18 Water drainage asphalt using principle of the oven ageing
method, with mixture bitumen in a pavement structure, that
has silica sand material to reach the asphalt criteria with the
angularity <82% vol; aggregate diameter <50mm; and
hardness material, recoating used for maintenance, manual
techniques for installation, that have all the added values
20 Water drainaging asphalt with hydrophilic material addition
such as a silica sand with the angularity <82%, aggregate
diameter <50mm, and hardness material, with filter fabric in
pavement structure, with coating in installation techniques and
reapplied in maintaining techniques, reduce noise and friction
resistance
such as a silica sand with the angularity <82%, aggregate
diameter <50mm, and hardness material, with the mixture of
bitumen, with coating techniques in installation and reapplied
techniques in maintaining, multiple kind of pavement,
environmentally friendly, and good thermal resistance
30
Concept Concept
Number
such as a silica sand and waste lime with the angularity <82%,
aggregate diameter <50mm, and hardness material, with
geotextile in a pavement structure, with manual process
techniques in installation and recoating in maintaining
techniques, can be used in multiple kind of pavements, reduce
noise, and based on SNI
2.2. Concept Scoring

The purpose of concept scoring is to select concept with a more specific
selection criteria and more accurate in describing the market needs and wants. At
this stage, do the scoring of some selected concept is needed to narrow it again to
get the best concept. In concept scoring, every selection criterion would have the
weight factor based on their importance, comparison with existing products and the
need that has previously been obtained.
2.2.1 Concept Scoring Matrix Preparation

The concept that has been selected on the screening concept need to be
refined to some extent and may be expressed in more detail so a deeper selection
criterion is needed for make analysis for every concept that has been selected
before. This metric contains concept ideas, criteria, and weight factor. The
concept ideas are concept that chosen after concept screening. Criteria in this
metric are more detailed and specific. Weight factor is stated in percentage value
where it is determined by the use of value engineering method. Criteria and
weight factor are based on their importance, comparison with existing products
and the need that has previously been obtained. Table 2.5 below shows the
criteria and weight of each criteria.
31
Table 2.5 Scoring Selection Criteria
No Scoring Selection Criteria Weight (%)

1 Water Drainage Rate 22.92
2 Mechanical properties of product 14.58
3 Applicable in any kind of pavement 4.17
4 Product Lifetime and Durability 18.75
5 The complexity of manufacturing process and
equipment 10.42
6 The complexity of installation technique 6.25
7 Easy to find the materials for manufacturing process 6.25
8 The variation of materials that used in manufacturing
process 4.17
9 The complexity of maintenance technique 8.33
10 Have an affordable price 4.17
For each concept, weighted scores are calculated by multiplying the raw
scores by the criteria weights. The total score for each concept is the sum of
the weighted scores, presented in the equation as follows:
n
Sj = ∑ rij wi (1)
i=1
where:
Sj = total score for concept j
rij = raw rating for concept j for the i th criteria
wi = weighting for the ith criterion
n = number of criteria
And below is the detailing of criteria used:
 Water Drainage Rate (22.92 %)
This criterion means how much time required need by asphalt
product to drainage water from the surface of road.
 Mechanical properties of product (14.58 %)
This criterion determines whether the product has good thermal and
friction resistance.
32
 Applicable in any kind of pavement (4.17 %)

This criterion means that asphalt product is applicable in any kind of
pavement for water drainage purpose.
 Product Lifetime and Durability (18.75 %)
This criterion means how long the product should have a long life
that can be used up before it damages.
 The complexity of manufacturing process and equipment (10.42 %)
This criterion determines whether the product has to be treated with
many of complex techniques or does not have to be treated with
many of complex techniques to achieve the target specification.
 The complexity of installation technique (6.25 %)
This criterion determines whether the product has to be installed with
many of complex techniques or does not have to be installed with
many of complex techniques.
 Easy to find the materials for manufacturing process (6.25 %)
This criterion means whether the main materials is easy to be
obtained or hard to be obtained.
 The variation of materials that used in manufacturing process (4.17
%)
This criterion means how much variety of materials is needed in the
product manufacturing process.
 The complexity of maintenance technique (8.33 %)
This criterion determines whether the product has to be maintained
with many of complex techniques or does not have to be maintained
with many of complex techniques.
 Have an affordable price (4.17 %)
This criterion means that asphalt product has competitively lower
price, but still provide good performance.
2.2.2. Concept Rating

After the criteria and weight factor have been prepared, the concept is
rated. In this report, five parameters for each criterion are given. The scoring
33
parameter for each criterion are presented in metric. After determining the rating
of each concept, calculation of the total score of each concept is done by
multiplying the weight with the rating of each criterion. Then the concept of the
total score is sorted.
Table 2.6 Rating the Concept Ideas
Rating Criteria
1 Much worse reference concept
2 Worse than reference concept
3 Same as reference concept
4 Better than reference concept
5 Much better than reference
concept
The parameters used for each criterion with their respective rating is
presented in Table 2.7 below.
34
Table 2.7 Description of Rating Score
The complexity of
Mechanical Applicable in any Product Lifetime and
Water Drainage manufacturing process
Rating properties of product kind of pavement Durability (18.75%)
Rate (22.92%) and equipment
(14.58%) (4.17%)
(10.42%)
The product has a The product has a The product is The product does not
1 worse water drainage worse mechanical applicable in single 1-2 years have to be treated with
rate property kind of pavement any complex techniques
The product is The product has to be
2 The product has a bad The product has a bad
applicable in few kinds 3- 5 years treated with a single
water drainage rate mechanical property
of pavement complex technique
The product has a The product is The product has to be
The product has a good
3 good water drainage applicable in some 5 – 8 years treated with a few of
mechanical property
rate kind of pavement complex techniques
The product has a The product has a The product is The product has to be
4 better water drainage better mechanical applicable in several 8 – 10 years treated with several
rate property kind of pavement complex techniques
The product has a The product is The product has to be
The product has a best
5 best water drainage applicable in many 10 – 15 years treated with many of
mechanical property
rate kinds of pavement complex techniques
35
Table 2.7 Description of Rating Score (Cont’d)
Easy to find the The variation of

The complexity of The complexity of
materials for materials that used in Have an affordable
installation technique maintenance
Rating manufacturing manufacturing price (4.17%)
(6.25%) technique (8.33%)
process (6.25%) process (4.17%)
The product does not The availability of the The product does not
The product contains a Rp 15.000/kg –
1 have to be installed materials to create this have to be maintained
low variation of
with any complex product is very low or with any complex 17.000/kg
materials
techniques rarely available techniques
The availability of the The product has to be
The product has to be The product contains a Rp 10.000/kg – Rp.
2 materials to create this maintained with a
installed with a single few variations of
product is low or single complex 15.000/kg
complex technique materials
sometimes available technique
The availability of the
The product has to be The product contains a The product has to be Rp 5.000/kg – Rp.
3 materials to create this
installed with a few of fairly variation of maintained with a few
product is medium or 10.000/kg
complex techniques materials of complex techniques
normally available
The product has to be The availability of the The product contains a The product has to be Rp 3.000/kg – Rp.
4 installed with several materials to create this high variation of maintained with several
5.000/kg
complex techniques product is high materials complex techniques
The product has to be The availability of the The product contains a The product has to be
5 installed with many of materials to create this very high variation of maintained with many Rp 2.800/kg
complex techniques product is very high materials of complex techniques
36
2.2.3 Concept Scoring Matrix

Metric table of concept scoring for concepts after the screening process is
show in the table below.
37
Table 2.8 Concept Scoring Matrix
Concept
Scoring Selection
No Weight 1 4 6 9 10 12 13
Criteria
R WR R WR R WR R WR R WR R WR R WR
1 Water Drainage Rate 22.92% 4 0.9168 5 1.146 4 0.9168 5 1.146 5 1.146 5 1.146 4 0.9168
Mechanical properties of
2 14.58% 4 0.5832 4 0.5832 5 0.729 5 0.729 4 0.5832 5 0.729 5 0.729
product
Applicable in any kind of
3 4.17% 5 0.2085 3 0.1251 5 0.2085 5 0.2085 3 0.1251 5 0.2085 5 0.2085
pavement
Product Lifetime and
4 18.75% 4 0.75 4 0.75 5 0.9375 5 0.9375 5 0.9375 5 0.9375 5 0.9375
Durability
The complexity of
5 manufacturing process & 10.42% 5 0.521 3 0.3126 4 0.4168 4 0.4168 4 0.4168 4 0.4168 4 0.4168
equipment
The complexity of
6 6.25% 3 0.1875 3 0.1875 3 0.1875 4 0.25 3 0.1875 3 0.1875 3 0.1875
installation technique
Easy to find the materials
7 6.25% 4 0.25 2 0.125 2 0.125 2 0.125 2 0.125 4 0.25 5 0.3125
for manufacturing process
The variation of materials
8 that used in manufacturing 4.17% 4 0.1668 4 0.1668 5 0.2085 5 0.2085 5 0.2085 5 0.2085 3 0.1251
process
The complexity of
9 8.33% 5 0.4165 3 0.2499 2 0.1666 3 0.2499 3 0.2499 2 0.1666 2 0.1666
maintenance technique
10 Have an affordable price 4.17% 5 0.2085 3 0.1251 4 0.1668 3 0.1251 1 0.0417 3 0.1251 3 0.1251
Total 43 4.2088 34 3.7712 39 4.063 41 4.3963 35 4.0212 41 4.3755 39 4.1254
Rank 3 10 7 1 6 2 5
38
Table 2.8 Concept Scoring Matrix (Cont’d)
Concept
No Scoring Selection Criteria Weight 17 18 20 21 22
R WR R WR R WR R WR R WR
1 Water Drainage Rate 25% 4 0.9168 4 0.9168 4 0.9168 5 1.146 5 1.146
Mechanical properties of
2 16.67% 4 0.5832 4 0.5832 4 0.5832 5 0.729 5 0.729
product
Applicable in any kind of
3 4.17% 2 0.0834 4 0.1668 5 0.2085 5 0.2085 5 0.2085
pavement
4 Product Lifetime and Durability 22.92% 4 0.75 4 0.75 3 0.5625 5 0.9375 4 0.75
The complexity of
5 manufacturing process & 2.08% 4 0.4168 5 0.521 3 0.3126 3 0.3126 4 0.4168
equipment
The complexity of installation
6 6.25% 2 0.125 3 0.1875 2 0.125 2 0.125 3 0.1875
technique
Easy to find the materials for
7 4.17% 3 0.1875 3 0.1875 4 0.25 4 0.25 2 0.125
manufacturing process
The variation of materials that
8 4.17% 3 0.1251 3 0.1251 4 0.1668 3 0.1251 5 0.2085
used in manufacturing process
The complexity of maintenance
9 10.42% 2 0.1666 4 0.3332 2 0.1666 2 0.1666 2 0.1666
technique
10 Have an affordable price 4.17% 2 0.0834 4 0.1668 3 0.1251 4 0.1668 1 0.0417
Total 30 3.4378 38 3.9379 34 3.4171 38 4.1671 36 3.9796
Rank 11 9 12 4 8
39
2.2.4 Concept Ranking and Concept Selection

From the concept scoring matrix, will be obtained the ranking from the
total concepts after the screening process. Based on the concept scoring result,
it shown that there are 5 ranks from 12 total concepts. The first rank is selected
as the best concept that will develop further to the concept testing level. The
first rank’s concept is water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen with
oven aging method that contains styrene butadiene styrene and silica sand with
the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter <50mm, and hardness material, with
manual installation techniques, and reapplied as the maintaining techniques,
that have all the additional value. The reason for choosing the first rank as the
concept is because the asphalt already contains with styrene butadiene styrene
(SBS) and silica with manual as the installation technique and reapplied as the
maintaining technique. This concept is more durable than the other concept,
easy to applicate because SBS is a polymer, with a solvent it can dissolve into
the bitumen and makes the asphalt stronger.
2.3. Concept Testing

2.3.1 Concept Testing Purposes
The purpose for concept testing is to find out whether the new concept is
fulfilled the costumer’s needs, to see their interest on the product, and to gather
information that can improve the new concept. In order to fulfil this concept
testing purpose, there are some question about the new product that will be
given to the respondent as the potential market target. The respondent will also
be given a brief explanation about the new concept for the product, the
principle, also the cost and benefits of the new product.
2.3.2 Survey Population and Survey Method

This survey was distributed to several respondents from road
infrastructure worker that will become the market target since they are know
and understand more about asphalt. The survey method was conducted in
online questionnaire and distributed to 15 respondents. The respondents will
be given the detail explanation of the new product to avoid the
40
misunderstanding about the new concept, so they can give an appropriate

opinion about it.
2.3.3 Costumer Response Measurement

Survey result are used to determine the customer opinion in the new
product concepts. It will help to determine whether the new product concept is
acceptable or not. The survey result will be shown on the diagrams below.
Yes No
30%
70%
Figure 2.1 Respond for Question: Is your asphalt causing a puddle on the road?
41
Waterproof Easily crack or broken Short aged

Maintenance frequently Expensive cost
8%
34%
25%
8%
25%
Figure 2.2 Respond for Question: What are the weaknesses of your asphalt?
Mixture Bitumen Concrete Porous Asphalt Bitumen
20%
27%
0%
53%
Figure 2.3 Respond for Question: What kind of asphalt you used for installation?
42
Yes No
No
20%
Yes
80%
Figure 2.4 Respond for Question: If we're going to sell the new product, are you willing
to buy it?
Yes No
40%
60%
Figure 2.5 Respond for Question: if the product price is around Rp15.000/Kg, are you
willing to buy it?
2.3.4 Result Interpretation

From the survey, we can conclude that our product concept for a good
response from the potential customer. It shown that asphalt nowadays is
43
waterproof, that can drainage the water. With the new concept, respondents
liked the new concept with the ability to drainage the water and have a strong
structure. Respondents also agree with the price of this new concept.
CHAPTER 3
FINAL SPECIFICATION
3.1 Product Description

After going through concept brainstorming, selection, screening, scoring,
and testing, finally the concept of product has been chosen to be further
developed. This section will briefly describe the working principle, form,
mechanism, and ingredients used for the product.
Table 3.1 Product Description
Product
Characteristic Brief Description
Description
This asphalt will work by the
Hydrophilic
Working Principle hydrophilic material working principle
Material
that can help drainage water easily
A bituminous mixture is a
Mixture combination of bituminous materials
Structure
Bitumen (as binders), properly graded
aggregates and additives.
Silica sand widely used as an
adsorbent. This is caused by the ease
of production and also some other
advantages, namely very inert,
Material Silica Sand
hydrophilic, has thermal stability and
relatively does not expand in organic
solvents.
45
Table 3.1 Product Description (Cont’d)
Product
Characteristic Brief Description
Description
Styrene Butadiene Styrene is copolymers
are classified as elastomers that increase
the elasticity of bitumen, and they are
probably the most appropriate polymers
Styrene
for bitumen modification. Although low-
Material Butadiene
temperature flexibility is increased, some
Styrene
authors claim that a decrease in strength
and resistance to penetration is observed
at higher temperatures
This asphalt will have several steps for
the manual installation. The steps are
demolition and removal, grading and
Installation Manual
sloping, prepare the sub base, proof roll,
Technique Installation
undercutting and sub base repair, binder
and surface coarse, install new asphalt
surface, and butt joints
This asphalt will can be reapplied for
Maintaining Reapplied maintaining techniques if the asphalt
must be repaired and treated
Reusable water,
This asphalt will have some added value
reduce noise, good
to make the product better than other
thermal resistance,
existing product. The added values are
friction resistance,
Added Value reusable water, reduce noise, good
environmental
thermal resistance, friction resistance,
friendly, multiple
environmental friendly, multiple kind of
kind of pavement,
pavement, based on SNI
based on SNI
46
3.2 Product Positioning

The chosen concept now can be obtained and developed. The chosen
concept of water drainaging asphalt is a water drainage asphalt that has a
mixture of bitumen with oven aging method that contains styrene
butadiene styrene and silica sand with the angularity <82%, aggregate
techniques, and reapplied as the maintaining techniques, that have all the
additional value. The chosen concept is based off being the best compared to
other concepts and does corresponds with the needs of the current market. This
concept will now undergo product positioning
Product positioning is a method to know about the product’s position and
chance in the market. A perceptual mapping is generated to depict our
product’s existence relative to the available similar products. The following are
the parameters used to compare the products:
a. Water drainage rate is used as a parameter that represent how much
time required need by asphalt product to drainage water from the
surface of road.
b. Mechanical properties of product are used to determines whether the
product has good thermal and friction resistance.
c. Applicable in any kind of pavement means that asphalt product is
applicable in any kind of pavement for water drainage purpose.
d. Product lifetime and durability means how long the product should
have a long life that can be used up before it damage.
e. The complexity of manufacturing process and equipment determines
whether the product has to be treated with many of complex
techniques or does not have to be treated with many of complex
techniques to achieve the target specification.
f. The complexity of installation technique determines whether the
product has to be installed with many of complex techniques or does
not have to be installed with many of complex techniques.
g. Easy to find the materials for manufacturing process means whether
the main ingredient is easy to be obtained or hard to be obtained.
47
h. The variation of materials that used in manufacturing process means

how much variety of materials is needed in the product
manufacturing process.
i. The complexity of maintenance technique determines whether the
product has to be maintained with many of complex techniques or
does not have to be maintained with many of complex techniques.
j. Affordable price means that asphalt product has competitively lower
price, but still provide good performance.
Table 3.2 Product Positioning Score
Scoring
Porous Concrete Mixture Own
No. Selection
Asphalt Asphalt Bitumen Product
Criteria
Water Drainage
1 5 3 2 5
Rate
Mechanical
2 properties of 2 3 4 5
product
Applicable in
3 any kind of 3 3 4 4
pavement
Product Lifetime
4 2 3 3 4
and Durability
The complexity
of
5 manufacturing 4 3 2 4
process &
equipment
The complexity
6 of installation 4 3 2 2
technique
Easy to find the
materials for
7 5 4 4 2
manufacturing
process
48
Table 3.2 Product Positioning Score (Cont’d)
Scoring
Porous Concrete Mixture Own
No. Selection
Asphalt Asphalt Bitumen Product
Criteria
The variation of
materials that
8 used in 2 2 2 4
manufacturing
process
The complexity
9 of maintenance 5 4 4 4
technique
Have an
10 2 3 3 2
affordable price
Porous Asphalt Concrete Asphalt Mixture Bitumen Own Product
Water Drainage Rate

5 Mechanical properties of
Have an affordable price 4 product
3
The complexity of 2 Applicable in any kind of
maintenance technique 1 pavement
0
The variation of Product Lifetime and
materials that used in… Durability
Easy to find the materials The complexity of

for manufacturing… manufacturing process…
The complexity of
installation technique
Figure 3.1 Perceptual Mapping Figure
From Figure 3.1 above, the proposed product’s position is being

compared to the existing product. As the result, in all parameters being
evaluated, the proposed product has better value to answer customer’s needs
that will be presented on the product as well from customer’s testing step that
49
have been done. The final concept of product is positively believed can be
manufactured and developed. The rating is all given from 1 to 5 representing
the range of the worst and the best.
a. Water Drainage Rate
This parameter is used to represent how long the time required for
asphalt to drainage water from the surface of the road. This asphalt
will have a better drainage rate than the porous asphalt and tbe
existing product
b. Mechanical properties of product
This parameter is used to represent the mechanical properties of this
product such the tensile strength, good thermal and friction
resistance. This water drainage asphalt will have a surface that won’t
break easily and with a better thermal resistance and reducing the
friction resistance therefore it will reduce the vehicle’s noise
c. Applicable in any kind of pavement
This product will be applicable in any kind of pavement like flat
road, sloping road, zigzag road, tunnel road, and road on the bridge.
d. Product lifetime and durability
The product lifetime and durability will be around 6 years until it
will be damaged. The value will be higher than the other existing
product because the material in this asphalt are better for the
endurance than the other existing product
e. The complexity of manufacturing process and equipment
This parameter is used to determine how is the product has to be
treated, and with what technique is used to reached the target
specification. With additional material, it will require another
manufacturing process to blend the new material with the bitumen.
f. The complexity of installation technique
The installation technique of this product will be easier than the other
existing product because we use manual process in installation
technique that more simple than other product.
50
g. Easy to find the materials for manufacturing process

The material that used in this product is easy to find and obtain. It
doesn’t need to do special treatment to get the material.
h. The variation of materials that used in manufacturing process
This product requires a lot of material needed to make this product a
good quality product.
i. The complexity of maintenance technique
This asphalt product will have the easiest and the usual maintenance
technique, but it will deliver the better result with good mechanical
properties therefore it will not easily break.
j. Affordable price
The cost or price of product will vary around Rp15.000/kg. This
product has more expensive price than other existing product
because of the use of more material and better product quality.
3.3 Product Specification

Lastly, the product specification will be determined:
Table 3.3 Final Product Specification
No Specification Unit Amount

Performance
1 Drainage Rate Porosity 20%
2 Tensile Strength psi 8000 psi
3 Durability Yearly 6 years
4 Contact Angle Degrees 45o
5 Density kg/m3 1.06 kg/m3
6 Aggregate Diameter mm 10 mm
7 Angularity %vol 81%
Operability
8 Location Y/N Y
9 Complexity of Maintenance Y/N Y
Method
Market and Retailing
10 Price Rp/kg Rp15.000/kg
CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION
a. Based on the survey in the last assignment, the customer need is an asphalt
that is water drainage is formulated.
b. The concept formulations are combination of the existing asphalt products
and the genuinely new from brainstorming activity and results 102 product
concepts
c. The concepts are selected by RVF method to eliminate the unrealistic
concepts where 80 product concepts are eliminated and leaving 22 product
concepts.
d. On the concept screening method, 22 product concepts compared to a
reference for 5 criteria which are performance, durability, texture,
engineering ease, and market.
e. Concepts number 1, 4, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 17, 20, 21, and 22 are passed through
the screening process.
f. The selected concept is water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen
with oven aging method that contains styrene butadiene styrene and silica
sand with the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter <50mm, and hardness
g. Concept testing is conducted towards 15 respondents and the results are most
respondents show interest in waterproof asphalt that can drainage the water,
the price is around Rp15.000, and have a strong structure.
h. The final product specification is then determined based on the previous data
where it is categorized from drainage rate, tensile strength, lifetime, price,
particle size, aggregate diameter, angularity and contact angle
i. Perceptual mapping is generated to depict the product’s existence relative to
the available similar products which is porous asphalt, concrete asphalt, and
mixture bitumen.
52
j. The parameters used to compare these products are water drainage rate,
mechanical properties of product, applicable in any kind of pavement, product
lifetime and durability, the complexity of manufacturing process and
equipment, the complexity of installation technique, easy to find the materials
for manufacturing process, the complexity of maintenance technique, and the
last one is have an affordable price.
k. In conclusion, the proposed product has better value to answer customer’s
needs especially in drying rate, product weight, and product size and also
from the additional values that will be presented on the product as well from
customer’s testing step that have been done.
l. The final concept of product is positively believed can be manufactured and
developed.
REFERENCES
Al-Hadidy, A. and Yi-qiu, T. (2011). Effect of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene on the

Properties of Asphalt and Stone-Matrix-Asphalt Mixture. Journal of Materials
in Civil Engineering, 23(4), pp.504-510.
Civil-engg-world.com. (2019). Types of Bituminous Mixtures. [online] Available
at: https://www.civil-engg-world.com/2009/06/types-of-bituminous-
mixtures.html [Accessed 21 Mar. 2019].
Che Norazman, C., Jaya, R. and Hamzah, M. (2012). Properties of Porous Asphalt
Mixture Made with Styrene Butadiene Styrene under Long Term Oven
Ageing. Advanced Materials Research, 486, pp.378-383.
Enyiegbulam, M. and Hourston, D. (1981). Concentrated solutions of SBS block
copolymers in solvent mixtures. Polymer, 22(3), pp.395-398.
Ganjei, M. and Aflaki, E. (2019). Application of nano-silica and styrene-butadiene-
styrene to improve asphalt mixture self-healing.
Hamzah, M. and Omranian, S. (2015). Effects of ageing on pavement air voids
during mixture transportation from plant to field. Materials Research
Innovations, 19(sup5), pp.S5-592-S5-595.
Kermani, B., Xiao, M., Stoffels, S. and Qiu, T. (2018). Reduction of subgrade fines
migration into subbase of flexible pavement using geotextile. Geotextiles and
Geomembranes, 46(4), pp.377-383.
Lee, J., Baek, S., Lee, K., Kim, J. and Jeong, J. (2019). Long-term performance of
fiber-grid-reinforced asphalt overlay pavements: A case study of Korean
national highways. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering
(English Edition).
McDaniel, R.S.; Thornton, W.D.; Dominguez, J.G. Field Evaluation of Porous
Asphalt Pavement; Final Report; Purdue University, Schools of Civil and
Mechanical Engineering: West Lafayette, IN, USA, 2004.
Mukherjee, D. (2014). Highway Surface Drainage System & Problems of Water
Logging in Road Section. The International Journal of Engineering and
Science (IJES), 3(11).
54
Murty, A., Mathur, S., Chandra, D. and Nageswara Rao, K. (1994). Selection of
geotextile filters wrapped around pipes in pavement edge drains. Geotextiles
and Geomembranes, 13(8), pp.519-529.
National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA). Porous Asphalt Pavements for
Stormwater Management. Design, Construction and Maintenance Guide;
National Asphalt Pavement Association: Lanham, MD, USA, 2008.Richard
Baker. Membrane Technology and Applications 2nd Edition. 2004. John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd: England.
Nuryanto, A. 2009. Aspal Buton (Asbuton) sebagai Bahan Bakar Roket Padat,
Jurnal Teknologi Dirgantara. 7 (1): 36 – 45.
Putman, B.J. Evaluation of Open-Graded Friction Courses: Construction,
Maintenance, and Performance; Report No. FHWA-SC-12-04; Clemson
University, Glenn Department of Civil Engineering: Clemson, SC, USA,
2012.
Raab, C., Camargo, I. and Partl, M. (2019). Ageing and performance of warm mix
asphalt pavements.
Saltan Mehmet, Terzi, Serdal and Karahancer, Sebnem. Examination of hot mix
asphalt and binder performance modified with nano-silica Suleyman Demiral
University, 2017.
Sung Do, H., Hee Mun, P. and Suk keun, R. (2008). A study on engineering
characteristics of asphalt concrete using filler with recycled waste lime. Waste
Management, 28(1), pp.191-199.
Wolf, S. (2019). The Complete 7-Step Process for Asphalt Pavement Installation.
[online] Wolfpaving.com. Available at:
https://www.wolfpaving.com/blog/the-complete-7-step-process-for-asphalt-
pavement-installation [Accessed 21 Mar. 2019].
Xingang Shi, etc. Effects of Nano-silica and Rock Asphalt on Rheological
Properties of Modified Bitumen. Air Force Engineering University, 2017
55
APPENDIX I
Table 1. 5 Combining Concept
No Concepts RVF
2 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen with oven ageing OK
method, and contains styerene butadiene styerene with the angularity
has all the additional value
3 Water drainage asphalt that has a porous structure with hydrophilic V

with manual installation techniques, and vacuum as the maintaining
techniques, that have all the additonal value
method and the material are syterene butadiene styerene and silica sand
56
Table 1. 4 Combining Concept (Cont’d)
No Concepts RVF
6 Water drainage asphalt that has a porous structure with hydrophilic OK
7 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen and a layer of R

geotextile with hydrophilic material addition such as silica sand and the
oven ageing method, with the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter
<50mm, and hardness material, with manual installation techniques, and
reapplied as the maintaining techniques, that have all the additional
value

material addition such as silica sand and combined it with ionic liquid,
and has the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter <50mm, and hardness
9 Water drainage asphalt that has a porous asphalt structure with OK

hydrophilic material addition such as silica sand and combined it with
ionic liquid, and has the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter <50mm,
and hardness material, with manual installation techniques, and vacuum
as the maintaining techniques, that have all the additional value
11 Water drainage asphalt that has a porous asphalt with geotextile F

structure and styrene butadiene as the material and has the angularity
installation techniques, and vacuum as the maintaining techniques, that
57
No Concepts RVF
12 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen with hydrophilic F
material addition such as silica sand and the oven ageing method, with the
angularity <82%, aggregate diameter <50mm, and hardness material, with
spraying installation techniques, and reapplied as the maintaining
13 Water drainage asphalt that has a porous asphalt with hydrophilic material F
addition such as silica sand and the oven ageing method, with the
coating installation techniques, and vacuum as the maintaining techniques,
14 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen with oven ageing R
method, and contains plastic and silica sand with the angularity <82%,
15 Water drainage asphalt that has porous asphalt and geotextile structure and OK
contains silica with the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter <50mm, and
hardness material, with manual installation techniques, and vacuum as the
16 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen that contains plastic R
and silica sand with the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter <50mm, and
hardness material, with manual installation techniques, and reapplied as
17 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen with oven aging OK
method that contains styrene butadiene styerene and silica sand with the
manual installation techniques, and reapplied as the maintaining
58
No Concepts RVF
diameter <50mm, and hardness material, with manual installation techniques,
and vacuum as the maintaining techniques, that have all the additional value
19 Water drainage asphalt that has a porous structure that contains plastic and R
hardness material, with manual installation techniques, and vacuum as the
butadiene styrene and waste lime with the angularity <82%, aggregate
and vacuum as the maintaining techniques, that have all the additional value
21 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen with oven aging method R
that contains styrene butadiene styerene and plastic with the angularity <82%,
aggregate diameter <50mm, and hardness material, with manual installation
techniques, and reapplied as the maintaining techniques, that have all the
additional value
22 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen that contains styrene OK
and reapplied as the maintaining techniques, that have all the additional value
23 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen that contains styrene OK
butadiene styerene and waste lime with the angularity <82%, aggregate
and reapplied as the maintaining techniques, that have all the additional value
59
No Concepts RVF
24 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes and geotextile as the pavement F
structure, using plastic material with the angularity <82% vol; aggregate
diameter <50mm; and hardness material, recoating used for maintenance,
spraying techniques for installation, and have all the added values
25 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with mixture bitumen in a F

pavement structure,using silica sand material with the angularity <82% vol;
maintenance, spraying techniques for installation, and have all the added
values
26 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with porous asphalt in a F

pavement structure, using ionic liquid as the material, adding a hardness
material, recoating used for maintenance, spraying techniques for
27 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with geotextile in a pavement F

structure, that using plastic material with the angularity <82% vol;
maintenance, coating techniques for installation, have all the added values

pavement structure, that using silica sand material to reach the asphalt
hardness material, recoating used for maintenance, coating techniques for
installation, have all the added value
29 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with porous asphalt in a V

pavement structure, that has ionic liquid material to reach the asphalt
hardness material, recoating used for maintenance, coating techniques for
60
No Concepts RVF
30 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with geotextile in a F
pavement structure, using plastic materialwith the angularity <82% vol;
maintenance, manual techniques for installation, have all the added
values

structure, that using silica sand material with the angularity <82% vol;
maintenance, manual techniques for installation, and have all the added
values
32 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with porous asphalt in a V

hardness material, recoating used for maintenance, manual techniques
for installation, have all the added values

structure, using plastic material to reach the asphalt criteria with the

pavement structure, using silica sand material with the angularity <82%
vol; aggregate diameter <50mm; and hardness material, reapplied used
for maintenance, spraying techniques for installation, and have all the
added values
61
No Concepts RVF
hardness material, reapplied used for maintenance, spraying techniques
for installation, all the added values include
36 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, geotextile in a pavement F

structure, using plastic material with the angularity <82% vol; aggregate
maintenance, coating techniques for installation, all the added values
include
37 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, mixture bitumen in a F

pavement structure, using silica sand material with the angularity <82%
vol; aggregate diameter <50mm; and hardness material, reapplied used
for maintenance, coating techniques for installation, and all the added
values

hardness material, reapplied used for maintenance, coating techniques
for installation, and all the added values include
39 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with geotextile in a OK

material, reapplied used for maintenance, manual techniques for
installation, and all the added values include
62
No Concepts RVF
40 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with mixture bitumen in a OK
pavement structure, that has silica sand material to reach the asphalt
for installation,and all the added values include

for installation, with all the added values include
42 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with geotextile in a F

material, vacuum industry used for maintenance, spraying techniques
for installation, with all the added values include
43 Water drainage asphalt using principle of the oven ageing method, with F
geotextile in a pavement structure, using plastic material with the
installation, that have all the added values
mixture bitumen in a pavement structure, using silica sand material with
the angularity <82% vol; aggregate diameter <50mm; and hardness
63
No Concepts RVF
mixture bitumen in a pavement structure, that has silica sand material
porous asphalt in a pavement structure, that has ionic liquid material to
maintenance, spraying techniques for installation, that have all the
added values
geotextile in a pavement structure, that has plastic material to reach the
<50mm; and hardness material, recoating used for maintenance, coating
48 Water drainage asphalt using principle of the oven ageing method, with V
values
values
64
No Concepts RVF
<50mm; and hardness material, recoating used for maintenance, manual
values
values
geotextile in a pavement structure, that has plastic material with the
mixture bitumen in a pavement structure, that has silica sand material
65
No Concepts RVF
maintenance, spraying techniques for installation, that have all the
added values
asphalt criteria with the angularity <82% vol; and all have the added
values
values
values
<50mm; and hardness material, reapplied used for maintenance, manual
66
No Concepts RVF
values
values
<50mm; and hardness material, vacuum industry used for maintenance,
spraying techniques for installation, that have all the added values
63 Water drainaging asphalt with hydrophilic material addition such as a R

hardness material, with geotextile in pavement structure, with manual
process installation techniques, can be used in multiple kind of
pavement, based on SNI, and recoating for maintaining techniques
64 Water drainaging asphalt with hydrophilic material addition such as a F

hardness material, has a mixture of bitumen with good thermal
resistance and friction resistance, with spraying installation techniques,
and recoating for maintenance techniques
67
No Concepts RVF
65 Water drainaging asphalt with hydrophilic material addition such as a R
hardness material, with porous asphalt in pavement structure, with
vacuum industries in maintaining techniques and spraying techniques
for installation, environmentally friendly and reusable water

hardness material, with filter fabric in pavement structure, with coating
in installation techniques and reapplied in maintaining techniques,
reduce noise and friction resistance
67 Water drainaging asphalt with hydrophilic material addition such as a V

hardness material, with porous asphalt in pavement structure, with
reapplied in maintaining techniques and coating techniques for
installation, reduce noise and friction resistance

hardness material, with geotxtile in a pavement structure, with spraying
in installation techniques and recoating in maintaining techniques, good
thermal resistance and enviromental friendly

hardness material, with the mixture of bitumen, with coating techniques
in installation and reapplied techniques in maintaining, multiple kind of
pavement, enviromental friendly, and good thermal resistance
68
No Concepts RVF
hardness material, with geotextile in a pavement structure, with
spraying techniques in installation and vacuum industry in maintaining
techniques, reusable water, reduce noise, and based on SNI

silica sand and styrene butadiene styrene with the angularity <82%,
aggregate diameter <50mm, and hardness material, with geotextile in a
pavement structure, with spraying techniques in installation and vacuum
industry in maintaining techniques, reusable water, reduce noise, and
good thermal resistance

<50mm, and hardness material, with filter fabric in a pavement
structure, with spraying techniques in installation and vacuum industry
in maintaining techniques, friction resistance, reduce noise, and based
on SNI

silica sand and mixture of bitumen with the angularity <82%, aggregate
diameter <50mm, and hardness material, with porous asphalt in a
pavement structure, with spraying techniques in installation and vacuum
industry in maintaining techniques, reusable water, reduce noise, and
based on SNI
69
No Concepts RVF
<50mm, and hardness material, with geotextile in a pavement structure,
with manual process techniques in installation and recoating in
maintaining techniques, can be used in multiple kind of pavements,
reduce noise, and based on SNI

silica sand and styrene butadiene styrene with the angularity <82%,
aggregate diameter <50mm, and hardness material, with filter fabric in a
pavement structure, with manual process techniques in installation and
vacuum industry in maintaining techniques, reusable water, reduce
noise, and based on SNI

silica sand and ionic liquid with the angularity <82%, aggregate
diameter <50mm, and hardness material, with geotextile in a pavement
structure, with spraying techniques in installation and reapplied in
maintaining techniques, reusable water and based on SNI

ionic liquid with the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter <50mm, and
hardness material, with filter fabric in a pavement structure, with
spraying techniques in installation and vacuum industry in maintaining
techniques, reusable water, reduce noise, and good thermal resistance

waste lime and ionic liquid with the angularity <82%, aggregate
diameter <50mm, and hardness material, with porous asphalt in a
pavement structure, with spraying techniques in installation and
recoating in maintaining techniques, reusable water, enviromental
friendly, and based on SNI
70
No Concepts RVF
aggregate diameter <50mm, and hardness material, with geotextile in a
pavement structure, with coating techniques in installation and vacuum
industry in maintaining techniques, reusable water, reduce noise, and based
on SNI
80 Water drainaging asphalt with hydrophilic material addition such as a silica F

sand and styrene butadiene styrene with the angularity <82%, aggregate
diameter <50mm, and hardness material, with geotextile in a pavement
structure, with manual process techniques in installation and vacuum
industry in maintaining techniques, reusable water, reduce noise, based on
SNI, and environmentally friendly
81 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen and a layer of R

geotextile with hydrophilic material addition such as silica sand and the oven
ageing method, with the angularity <82%, aggregate diameter <50mm, and
hardness material, with manual installation techniques, and recoating as the
maintaining techniques, that have good thermal resistance, friction
resistance, and applicable in any kind of pavement
82 Water drainage asphalt with hydrophilic material addition such as styrene F

butadiene styrene to reach the asphalt criteria with the angularity <82% vol;
aggregate diameter <50mm; and hardness material, with mixture bitumen in
a pavement structure, vacuum industry used for maintenance, manual
techniques for installation, and have all the added values
83 Water drainage asphalt made with inclined cores, with mixture bitumen in a R
pavement structure, that has silica sand material to reach the asphalt criteria
material, recoating used for maintenance, coating techniques for installation,
71
Table 1. 4 Combining Concept (Cont’d
No Concepts RVF
84 Water drainage asphalt made with inclined cores, with porous asphalt in R
a pavement structure, that has ionic liquid material to reach the asphalt
hardness material, recoating used for maintenance, coating techniques
for installation, that have all the additional value
85 Water drainage asphalt made with inclined cores, with mixture bitumen R
in a pavement structure, that has silica sand material to reach the asphalt
87 Water drainage asphalt made with inclined cores, with geotextile in a R

material, reapplied used for maintenance, coating techniques for
installation, that have all the additional
88 Water drainage asphalt made with inclined cores with mixture bitumen R
hardness material, reapplied used for maintenance, coating techniques
72
No Concepts RVF
89 Water drainage asphalt made with inclined cores, with porous asphalt in a pavement R
structure, that has ionic liquid material to reach the asphalt criteria with the
angularity <82% vol; aggregate diameter <50mm; and hardness material, reapplied
used for maintenance, coating techniques for installation, that have all the additional
value
90 Water drainage asphalt made with inclined cores, with geotextile in a pavement R
structure, that has plastic material to reach the asphalt criteria with the angularity
<82% vol; aggregate diameter <50mm; and hardness material, reapplied used for
maintenance, manual techniques for installation, that have all the additional value
pavement structure, that has silica sand material to reach the asphalt criteria with the
used for maintenance, manual techniques for installation, that have all the additional
value
92 Water drainage asphalt made with inclined cores, with porous asphalt in a pavement R
structure, that has ionic liquid material to reach the asphalt criteria with the
used for maintenance, manual techniques for installation, that have all the additional
value
93 Water drainage asphalt made with inclined cores, with geotextile in a pavement R
structure, that has plastic material to reach the asphalt criteria with the angularity
<82% vol; aggregate diameter <50mm; and hardness material, vacuum industry used
for maintenance, coating techniques for installation, that have all the additional value
pavement structure, that has silica sand material to reach the asphalt criteria with the
angularity <82% vol; aggregate diameter <50mm; and hardness material, vacuum
industry used for maintenance, coating techniques for installation, that have all the
additional value
73
No Concepts RVF
hardness material, vacuum industry used for maintenance, coating
techniques for installation, that have all the additional value

material, vacuum industry used for maintenance, manual techniques for
installation, that have all the additional value
hardness material, vacuum industry used for maintenance, manual

pavement structure, that contain styrene butadiene styrene and silica to
diameter <50mm; and hardness material, vacuum industry used for
maintenance, manual techniques for installation, that have all the
additional value
in a pavement structure, that contain ionic liquid and silica to reach the
manual techniques for installation, that have all the additional value
74
No Concepts RVF
a pavement structure, that contains styrene butadiene styrene to reach
the asphalt criteria with the angularity <82% vol; aggregate diameter
a pavement structure, that contains waste plastic to reach the asphalt
hardness material, vacuum industry used for maintenance, manual
in a pavement structure, that has styrene butadiene styrene to reach the

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UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

WATER DRAINAGING ASPHALT

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

iii Universitas Indonesia

EXCECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................... ii

Table 1.1 Properties of the Product ......................................................................... 1

From previous assignments, we have identified market needs by

Table 1.1 Properties of the Product

Table 1. 1 Properties of the Product (Cont’d)

1.2. Problem Definition

1.3. Existing Concept

Table 1.2 Existing Product

No Existing Product Brief Description Weakness

Table.1.2 Existing Product (Cont’d)

1.4. Problem Identification

Figure 1.2 Mind Map of New Water Drainaging Asphalt

Table 1.3 The Description of New Water Drainage Asphalt

No. New Concept Description of the Concept

Hydrophilic surface has a special affinity for water, so it

Table 1.3 The Description of New Water Drainage Asphalt (Cont’d)

No. New Concept Description of the Concept

Widely used as an adsorbent. This is caused by the ease

1.5 Combine Concept

Figure 1.3 Mind Map of Existing-New Water Drainaging Asphalt

:For Existing Concept

6 Water drainage asphalt that has a porous structure with hydrophilic OK

Table 1.4 Combining Concept (Cont’d)

9 Water drainage asphalt that has a porous asphalt structure with OK

Table 1.4 Combining Concept (Cont’d)

22 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen that contains OK

23 Water drainage asphalt that has a mixture of bitumen that contains OK

31 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with porous in a pavement OK

33 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with porous in a pavement OK

39 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with geotextile in a OK

Table 1.4 Combining Concept (Cont’d)

40 Water drainage asphalt using drainage pipes, with mixture bitumen in a OK

66 Water drainaging asphalt with hydrophilic material addition such as a OK

Table 1.4 Combining Concept (Cont’d)

69 Water drainaging asphalt with hydrophilic material addition such as a OK

74 Water drainaging asphalt with hydrophilic material addition such as a OK

2.1. Concept Screening

Table 2.1 Remaining Concepts after RVF Method

Table 2.1 Remaining Concepts after RVF Method (Cont’d)

Table 2.1 Remaining Concepts after RVF Method (Cont’d)

Table 2.1 Remaining Concepts after RVF Method (Cont’d)

Table 2.1 Remaining Concepts after RVF Method (Cont’d)

2.1.1 Concept Screening Matrix Preparation

2.1.2 Rate the Concept

Table 2.2 List of Criteria

Table 2.2 List of Criteria (Cont’d)

2.1.3 Concept Screening Matrix

Table 2.3 Concept Screening

2.1.4 Concept Ranking and Concept Selection

Table 2.4 Concept Selected from Screening Process

Table 2.4 Concept Selected from Screening Process (Cont’d)

Table 2.4 Concept Selected from Screening Process (Cont’d)

Table 2.4 Concept Selected from Screening Process (Cont’d)

2.2. Concept Scoring

2.2.1 Concept Scoring Matrix Preparation

Table 2.5 Scoring Selection Criteria

No Scoring Selection Criteria Weight (%)

 Applicable in any kind of pavement (4.17 %)

2.2.2. Concept Rating