CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this part, the writer describes several points, such as: Research Design,

Subjects of the Study, Setting of the Study, Research Instrument, Method of Data

Collection, Technique of Data Analysis, and Triangulation.

3.1 Research Design

The design of this research is qualitative research. O’Brien in Mandagiri (2010)

states that there are five types of qualitative research, namely: descriptive study, case

study, phenomenology, Ethnography and historical research. In this study, the

researcher was concerned with analyzing the types of code mixing and finding out the

reasons underlying the use of code mixing in Instagram by the students. Based on that,

this study can be categorized as descriptive study which attempts to explore a single

case about language mixing phenomenon in depth.

3.2 Subjects of the Study

This research was concerned with the analysis of the types of code mixing and

the reasons underlying the use of Indonesian-English code mixing in Instagram by the

students of English Language Education. The subjects of the study were the eighth

18
 19

semester students of English Language Education who used Instagram. Meanwhile, the

objects of this research were their captions, comments, and Instagram Stories which

consisted of code mixings that they posted in Instagram. The data about code mixing

by the students of English Language Education were taken until the researcher found

saturated data.

3.3 Setting of the Study

This study used the setting on the social media such Instagram. The reason why

researcher conducted the research on Instagram since it was easier to find code mixing

phenomenon used by the students of English Language Education on their captions,

comments, and Instagram Stories. As we know, mostly people nowadays are actively

use Instagram on daily basis to express themselves in the form of photos or videos. So,

related with that, here the researcher decided to conduct the study based on the

phenomenon of code mixing in Instagram.

3.4 Research Instruments

There were several instruments used in this study, such as:

 20

a. Researcher

The main instrument of this research was the researcher herself, because the

successfulness in conducting this research depends on her commitment to finish this

research, where all the data were collected by the researcher.

b. Electronic Media

In collecting the data, the researcher used electronic media such as a

smartphone with Internet support. This instrument helped the researcher to get the data

as document in the form of screenshots of the selected data. On the other hand, the

researcher used voice recorder that is available in the researcher’s smartphone to record

the data when conducting interview to the samples to find out the reasons underlying

the use of code mixing in Instagram. Then, the recorded data were transcribed into their

written form.

b. Interview Guide

Interview guide was used to interview the eighth semester students of English

Language Education. The interview guide consisted of list of questions which were

used as guidance. When conducting the interview, the researcher used nine open-ended

questions to gain the information needed. This instrument was used by the researcher

to answer the second research problem which is about the reasons underlying the use

of Indonesian-English code mixing in Instagram.

 21

3.5 Method of Data Collection

In this research, the researcher used two methods in order to collect all of the

data. Those two methods were observation and interview. The reason why the

researcher used those two methods was to get authentic data from the subjects of this

study.

1. Observation

In this study, the researcher collected the data through observation on students

Instagram accounts for several periods of time to collect the data which involved the

screenshots of their captions, comments, and Instagram Stories. The data obtained were

used to answer the research question about the types of code mixing which were used

by the students of English Language Education on their Instagram account.

2. Interview

Interview was done to the subjects of the study to gather clear and authentic

data or information about the reasons underlying the use of code mixing itself. The

interview was conducted by using the interview guide consisting of several questions.

The interview result was used to support the observation result through the reasons

underlying the code mixing usage by the students of English Language Education.

3. Procedure of Data Collection

In collecting the data, the researcher did several steps that can be seen as follows:
 22

a. Observation

In doing observation, first of all, the researcher opened Instagram as the setting

of this study. Then, the researcher observed the captions, comments, and Instagram

Stories of the eighth semester students of English Language Education Instagram

account. The researcher picked out the captions, comments, and Instagram Stories

consisting of code mixings by taking pictures of the screen. Last, the researcher

analyzed the data to answer first research question which is about the types of code

mixing.

b. Interview

After observing the Instagram accounts of the eighth semester students of

English Language Education, the researcher interviewed the selected subjects who

most frequently use code mixing in expressing themselves in Instagram. In doing

interview, the researcher used interview guide to interview the subjects to know the

reasons underlying the use of Indonesian-English code mixing.

c. Transcribing the data

All of the data were collected by screenshotting the data about code mixing on

the students’ Instagram account and interviewing the selected subjects. Then, the

collected data were transcribed into written form to make the researcher easier to

classify the data to answer two research questions about the types of code mixing and

the reasons underlying the use of code mixing.

 23

d. Classifying the data

The transcribed data were classified by using Ho’s theory (2007) about the

types of code mixing. Meanwhile, the data about the reasons underlying the use of code

mixing were classified by using Hoffman’s theory (1991).

e. Analyzing the data

Last, after being classified, the data about the types of code mixing were

analyzed by using Ho’s theory (2007) and the data about the reasons underlying the

use of code mixing were analyzed by using Hoffman’s theory (1991). Then, the

researcher analyzed the data by using her interpretation about the code mixing

phenomenon to answer both of the research questions.

3.6 Technique of Data Analysis

In doing data analysis of this study, the researcher used data analysis procedure

which is proposed by Miles and Huberman (2009), including: data collection, data

reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Those four stages of qualitative data

analysis are explained as follows:

1. Data Collection

In data collection, the researcher collected all the data by observing the use of

code mixing in Instagram in the form of screenshots and recording the interviews. The

researcher observed the subjects’ of the study Instagram account consisting of code
 24

mixings on it. Meanwhile, in doing the interview the researcher used an interview guide

as the guidance and a recorder.

2. Data Reduction

Reduction of data means summarizing and selecting the important one, so the

data are clear and ready to be analyzed later. In this case, the data about code mixing

types were listed and classified based on the Ho’s theory (2007). Meanwhile, to know

the reasons of code mixing usage, Hoffman’s theory (1991) was used in classifying the

data.

3. Data Display

The step after conducting the data reduction was displaying the data in a

particular pattern. In this step, the researcher displayed the data about the code mixing

used by the eighth semester students of English Language Education in the form of

table. With the data display, it was easier for the researcher to comprehend the

phenomenon based on the reliable phenomenon.

4. Conclusion Drawing

In this step, the researcher made a conclusion based on the researcher’s

interpretation about the objects of the study itself. In making conclusion, the researcher

relied on the data analysis process which was done by observing and interviewing the

eighth semester students of English Language Education. In order to get the result of

the study, the researcher verified the data for several times to get the clear answer about

the research questions. Last, the result of this study is about the types of code mixing
 25

and the reasons underlying the use of code mixing in Instagram by the students of

English Language Education.

3.7 Triangulation

In order to check the validity and reliability of the data, the researcher used

triangulation method. According to Patton (1980) in Nafi’ah (2012) triangulation is a

method to improve the researcher comprehension of various reasoning about the

consistencies between two sets of data. It can be concluded that triangulation used to

know the consistency of the data that the researcher collects in certain period of time.

According to Denzin in Mandagiri (2010), there are three types of data

triangulation that can be seen as follows:

1. Time Triangulation

In this technique, the researcher collected the data about the code mixing

phenomenon at different time. In collecting the data about the code mixing

used by the eighth semester students of English Language Education on their

Instagram account, it was observed in different time, for example in different

days in one until two months. Meanwhile, to know the reasons underlying the

use of code mixing, the researchers interviewed the subjects of the study in

different periods of time, for example in different days in a week.

 26

2. Space Triangulation

In collecting the data by using space triangulation means observing the

data more than one site, for example in different posts, timelines, and accounts

on Instagram. By collecting the data in different spaces, the researcher got

clearer and more variations of the finding data.

3. Person Triangulation

This technique means collecting the data more than one level of person.

In this study, the researcher collected the data by observing and interviewing

more than one student of the eighth semester students of English Language

Education. It was done to answer both research questions which is about the

types of code mixing and the reasons underlying the use of code mixing in

Instagram.