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1.0 USER'S MANUAL

Page

1.1 General 2

A. Program Outline
B. Using the Program
C. Assumptions
D. Limitations

1.2 Distribution of Design Forces 3

A. In Vertical Plane
B. In Horizontal Plane

1.3 Checking of Reinforcements 4

in the Socket Wall
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1.1 General

This User's Manual describes the design program for socket of precast column.

A. Program Outline

1) Design Code: ACI 318M-08, Building Code Requirements for Structural

Concrete and Commentary
2) Units: SI Unit

3) Material Properties
f'c = compressive strength of concrete @ 28 days (MPa)
fy = yield strength of steel reinforcement (MPa)

4) Software: Microsoft Excel 2000 or later.

B. Using the Program

The procedure on how to use the program is presented below.

1) Open the Excel Program.

2) Input the values outlined in the following:

Note: Items for input are marked with blue-colored fonts. Red-colored
fonts are significant marks for the design.

a. Material strength (f'c,fy)

b. Socket dimension/sizes
c. Footing mark and applied loads
d. Amount of steel reinforcement

3) Each requirement for socket design is evaluated and the program

will prompt you its judgment whether the given dimensions and
reinforcements are adequate or not. If a particular requirement is
judged “NG”, the designer must input other figures that will satisfy
the said requirement.

C. Assumptions

1) The design bending moment, Mu1 is the moment capacity of the most
heavily reinforced column for each column size.

2) The design shear force, Vu1 of socket is calculated as:

Mutop

h
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Mubottom

Vu1 = (Mutop + Mubottom) / h

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Where h is the distance from the center of socket to the lowest

moment-beam of the structure since the Mutop will occur at the
first-level or lowest moment beam.

3) Horizontal reinforcement carries all the design loads, so there is no

need to check the adequacy of vertical reinforcement unless additional
reinforcement is required.

D. Limitations

1) Check for spacing of reinforcement is not considered.

2) The program only considers the use of normal weight concrete. If

lightweight concrete is used, a factor l needs to be incorporated in
the formulae for shear capacity of concrete.

1.2 Distribution of Design Forces

A. In Vertical Plane

The design forces are assumed to be transferred to the socket as

shown in Figure 1. The moment-arm is assumed as 0.75*H for the
horizontal couple, PH.

Horizontal force, PH = Mu1/0.75H

where H is the height of the socket
width of vertical contact area = 0.25H

SHEAR;
SHEAR; VVu1
u1

BENDING
BENDING MOMENT;
MOMENT;
MMu1
u1

PRECAST COLUMN
0.25H
0.25H PH

H/2
H/2 SOCKET
SOCKET
H
0.75H
0.75H
H/2
H/2

0.25H
PH

Figure 1. Elevation View

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B. In Horizontal Plane

It is assumed that the contact stresses concentrate at both edges

of the column as it is the most rigid part of the socket. Refer to
Figure 2.

The width of the contact area, b is calculated by limiting the

bearing stresses to f0.85f'c on the contact area, where f is
equal to 0.65.

(PH/2)/(0.25H*b) < f0.85f'c

Therefore, contact area, 2b = PH/(0.25H*f*0.85*f'c)

b = PH/(2*0.25H*f*0.85*f'c)

SOCKET

PRECAST COLUMN

Figure 2. Plan View

Thus, the total design force acting on bearing pad (grout) near the
top portion of the wall is calculated as follows:

V1 = PH/2 + Vu1/2

It should be noted that the above model is a rather conservative one

as it neglects a greater part of forces which are actually transferred
from column to socket walls by the non-shrink grout, which completely
fills the gap from all sides.

1.3 Checking of Reinforcements in the Socket Wall

The socket wall is checked for bending resistance at zone 1, which is

shown in Figure 3. Its behaviour is assumed as single span beam with fixed
supports at ends as shown in Figure 4.
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L1
TH
TH11 B+50*2
B+50*2 TH
TH11
PH/2

TH
TH11 50
50 50+b/2
bb
D-b
LL11 D+50*2
D+50*2

50+b/2

TH
TH11 Zone ①

Figure 3. Socket Wall Diagram at Zone 1 (Plan View)

V1

RR11 RR11
MM11
50+b/2 D-b 50+b/2
50+b/2 50+b/2
D+50*2
D+50*2

Figure 4. Moment Diagram at Zone 1.

V1 = R1= PH/2 + Vu1/2

M1= R1 * (50+b/2)2/(D+50*2)

Support reaction R1 = V1 = PH/2 + VU1/2

Maximum bending moment M1 = R1 * (50 + b/2)2/ (D + 50*2)

Checking for Horizontal Reinforcement

k = M1 / (0.9*b*d2)
b = 0.25*H
d = TH1 - cc - dbh/2
r = 0.85*f'c*[1 - [1 - 2*k/(0.85*f'c)]1/2]/fy
Ah = r*b*d

Also,
fs = V1 < fy
0.9*2*As
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Check for Concrete Shear Capacity

fVc = 0.75*0.17*l*(f'c)1/2*0.25H*d where l = 1.0 (for normal

weight concrete)
V1 < fVc
d = TH1 - cc - dbh/2

Where:
grout thickness = 50mm Ah = Required area of horizontal
cc = concrete cover reinforcement of the wall
TH1 = socket wall thickness As = actual area of provided steel
dbh = horizontal bar diameter reinforcement
D = column size

Reinforcement Details
Vertical Rebar

n*2 - Horizontal Rebar

d TH1

cc
50 (Grout)

PH/2

50
b/2
b/2

Figure 5. Horizontal Reinforcement Details (Plan View)

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TH1 D + 2*50 TH1

Vertical
bar
Horizontal
bar H

Figure 6. Vertical Reinforcement Details (Section View)