BIOLOGY 1201 DR.

POMARICO

Test Review for Exam 1

Chapter 1

1. Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological

organization from the least to the most complex level?
a) atom, organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population, organism
b) cell, community, population, organ system, atom, molecule, organelle
c) organism, cell, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organ
d) atom, molecule, cell, organ system, organism, population, ecosystem,
biosphere

2. What is a hypothesis?
a) the same thing as an unproven theory
b) a possible explanation that can be tested
c) a fact based on quantitative data that is testable
d) an explanation of natural events that is based on a large number of observations

3. Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?

a) the temperature decreased from 20 degrees to 15 degrees Celcius
b) The plant’s height is 25 centimeters
c) The fish swam in a zig-zag motion
d) The contents of the human stomach are mixed about every 20 seconds.

4. Which of the following properties or processes do we associate with living things?

a) evolutionary adaptation
b) energy processing
c) growth and reproduction
d) all of the above

5. Which of the following taxonomic terms refers to the most inclusive group?
a) kingdom
b) genus
c) phylum
d) class

6. Which of the following statements is most clearly inductively derived?

a) If the animals observed require organic molecules as nutrients, then it
can be concluded that all animals require organic molecules as nutrients
b) an elephant is warm-blooded because it is a mammal
c) a paramecium moves by means of its cilia
d) if all flying animals are birds, then it can be concluded that bats are birds

Chapter 2

7. Which four elements make up approximately 98% of living matter?

a) carbon, sodium , chlorine, nitrogen
b) carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen
c) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium
d) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
 BIOLOGY 1201 DR. POMARICO

8. For most atoms, a stable configuration of electrons is attained when the atom
a) has as many protons as neutrons
b) has 8 electrons in its outermost shell
c) has moved all of its electrons to its outermost shell
d) has as many electrons as protons

9. The reactive properties or chemical behavior of an atom depend on the number of

a) valence shells in the atom
b) orbitals found in the atom
c) electrons in the outer valence shell in the atom
d) protons in the nucleus of the atom

10. Nitrogen (N) is much more electronegative than hydrogen (H). Which of the
following statements is correct about the atoms in ammonia (NH3)?
a) each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge
b) the nitrogen atom has a strong positive charge
c) each hydrogen atom has a slight negative charge
d) there are covalent bonds between the hydrogen atoms

11. What explains most specifically the attraction of water molecules to one another?
a) nonpolar covalent bond
b) polar covalent bond
c) ionic bond
d) hydrogen bond

12. A covalent bond is likely to be polar if _______.

a) the two atoms sharing the electrons are equal in electronegativity
b) one of the atoms sharing electrons is much more electronegative
c) the two atoms sharing electrons are of the same element
d) it is between two atoms that are very strong electron acceptors

13. An element has 8 protons, 9 neutrons, and 8 electrons. Its atomic number and
atomic mass, respectively, are _____.
a) 8 and 16
b) 8 and 17
c) 6 and 18
d) 9 and 17

14. Potassium (atomic number 19, mass number 40) and sodium (atomic number 11,
mass number 23) have similar chemical properties and reactive behavior. This is
because their atoms
a) have different atomic numbers, but the same number of electrons
b) have different mass numbers, but the same number of electrons
c) have different mass numbers, but each has 1 electron in its outermost
shell
d) have the same mass numbers and each has 1 electron in its outermost shell

15. The most common form of calcium has 20 protons, 20 neutrons, and 20
electrons. Which of the following atoms would be an isotope of calcium? An atom
with:
a) 21 protons, 20 neutrons, and 21 electrons
b) 20 protons, 21 neutrons, and 20 electrons
c) 20 protons, 20 neutrons, and 18 electrons
d) 21 protons, 21 neutrons, and 21 electrons
 BIOLOGY 1201 DR. POMARICO

Chapter 3

16. Which of the following is due to the high surface tension of water?
a) lakes don’t freeze in the winter, despite low temperatures
b) a water spider can walk across the surface of a small pond
c) organisms resist temperature changes, although they give off heat due to
chemical reactions
d) water can act as a solvent

17. Temperature usually increases when water condenses. Which behavior of water is
most directly responsible for this phenomenon?
a) the change in density when it condenses to form a liquid or solid
b) the release of heat by the formation of hydrogen bonds
c) the release of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds
d) the property of cohesion

18. The partial charges on a water molecule occur because of

a) covalent bonding
b) the high electronegativity of the hydrogen
c) hydrogen bonding
d) the unequal sharing of electrons between the hydrogen and oxygen
atoms of a water molecule

19. A glass of grapefruit juice at pH 3, contains ____ [H+] as a glass of tomato juice at
pH 4.
a) one-tenth as much
b) ten times as much
c) twice as much
d) half as much

20. Adding an acid to a solution tends to

a) increase the hydrogen ion concentration and raise the pH
b) decrease the hydrogen ion concentration and raise the pH
c) increase the hydrogen ion concentration and lower the pH
d) decrease the hydrogen ion concentration and lower the pH

21. What would be the pH of a solution with a hydroxide ion [OH-] concentration of
10-12 M?
a) pH 2
b) pH 4
c) pH 10
d) pH 12
e) pH 14

22. If the pH of a solution is increased form pH 5 to pH 7, it means that the

a) concentration of H+ is 2 times greater than what it was at pH 5
b) concentration of H+ is 100 times greater and the concentration of OH- is 100
times less than what they were at pH 5
c) concentration of OH- is 100 times greater than what it was at pH 5
d) concentration of OH- is 100 times less than what it was at pH 5

23. Some archaebacteria are able to live in lakes with pH values of 11. How does pH
11 compare with the pH 7 typical of your body cells?
a) It is four times more acidic than pH7
 BIOLOGY 1201 DR. POMARICO

b) It is four times more basic than pH 7

c) It is a thousand times more basic than pH 7
d) It is ten thousand times more basic than pH 7

24. Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule
is most likely
a) positively charged
b) negatively charged
c) hydrophobic
d) without charge

25. A mole of ethyl alcohol weighs 46 grams. How many grams of ethyl alcohol are
needed to produce 2L of a 1M solution?
a) 46 grams
b) 23 grams
c) 92 grams
d) 18 grams

Chapter 4

26. Why are hydrocarbons not soluble in water?

a) the majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages
b) the majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen
linkages
c) they are hydrophilic
d) they are lighter than water

27. How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence
shell?
a) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d) 8

28. Research suggests that the side effects of Ritalin, the drug used to treat attention
deficit disorder, may be caused by contamination by Enantiomers, or molecules that
a) have identical three-dimensional shapes
b) are mirror images of one another
c) lack an asymmetric carbon
d) differ in the location of their double bond

29. A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which
of the following statements is true concerning this compound?
a) it lacks an asymmetric carbon, and it is probably a fat or lipid
b) it should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent
c) it won’t form hydrogen bonds with water
d) it should dissolve in water
 BIOLOGY 1201 DR. POMARICO

30. Which is the best description of a carbonyl group?

a) a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double covalent bond
b) an oxygen joined to a carbon by a single covalent bond
c) a nitrogen and two hydrogens joined to a carbon by covalent bonds
d) a carbon joined to two hydrogens by a single covalent bond

31. What is the name of the functional group shown above?

a) carbonyl
b) ketone
c) carboxyl
d) hydroxyl

32. Which of the following is a false statement concerning amino groups?

a) they are basic in pH
b) they are found in amino acids
c) they contain nitrogen
d) they are nonpolar

33. The two molecules shown above are best described as

a) structural isomers
b) geometric isomers
c) Enantiomers
d) radioactive isotopes

34. Which of the following are properties of hydrocarbons?

a) hydrophobic, polar, charged
b) hydrophobic, nonpolar, good source of stored energy
c) hydrophilic, good source of stored energy, consist of carbon and hydrogen
d) hydrophilic, contains numerous carboxyl groups, nonpolar

35. Although all the structures of functional groups vary, they all have one thing in
common: they
a) all contain oxygen
b) always cause the carbon to which they are attached to become an asymmetric
carbon
c) all have at least one double bond
 BIOLOGY 1201 DR. POMARICO

d) are all hydrophilic and increase the organic compound’s water solubility