Electrical Engineering Department

Tutorial Sheet No: 1

Electrical Machine-I

1. A 100 KVA, 1100/230V, 50 HZ transformer has an HV winding resistance of 0.1Ω and a

leakage reactance of 0.4 Ω. The LV winding has a resistance of 0.006 Ω and a leakage
reactance of 0.01 Ω. Find the equivalent winding resistance, reactance and impedance referred
to the HV and LV sides. Convert these to pu values.
Ans: (0.237+j0.629)Ω, (0.0104+j0.0275) Ω, (0.019+j0.052)p.u

2. A 50 KVA, 2200/110V transformer when tested gave the following results:

OC test, measurements on the LV side: 400W, 10A, 110V
SC test, measurements on the HV side: 808W, 20.5A, 90V
Compute all the parameters of the equivalent circuit referred to the HV and LV sides of the
transformer. Also calculate % voltage regulation and efficiency at full load and 0.8 pf lagging.
Ans: HV side: gi=2.28*10-4 ℧, bm=0.828*10-4 ℧, R=1.932 Ω, X=3.946 Ω
LV side: gt=0.0331℧, bm=0.0848℧, R=4.808*10-3 Ω, X=9.865*10-3 Ω

3. The resistance and leakage reactance’s of a 10KVA, 50 Hz, 2200/220V distribution

transformer are as follows:
R1=4Ω R2=0.04 Ω
X1-5 Ω X2=0.05 Ω
Each quantity is referred to its own side of the transformer. (Suffix 1 stands for HV and 2 for
LV)
a) Find the total leakage impedance referred to (i) HV side (ii) LV side.
b) Consider the transformer to give its rated KVA at 0.8pf lagging to a load at rated
voltage. Find the HV terminal voltage and % voltage regulation.
c) Repeat (b) for a pf of 0.8 leading.
d) Consider the core loss to be 80W. Find the efficiency under the conditions of part (b).
Will it be different for the conditions under part (c)?
e) If the load in part (b) gets short circuited, find the steady state current in the HV lines,
assuming that the voltage applied to the transformer remains unchanged.
Ans: (a) (i) 8+j10 (ii) 0.08+j0.1 (b) 22564V, 2.56 % (c) 2201.8V, 0.08 % (d) 97 %, No (e)
171.9A

4. A 20 KVA, 2000/200V, single phase transformer has the following parameters.

HV winding: R1=3Ω X1=5.3 Ω
LV winding: R2=0.05Ω X2=0.05 Ω
(a) Find the voltage regulation at (i) 0.8 pf lagging (ii) upf (iii) 0.707 pf leading.
(b) Calculate the secondary terminal voltage at (i) 0.8 pf lagging (ii) upf (iii) 0.707 pf
leading when delivering full load current with the primary voltage held fixed at 2 KV.
Ans: (a) (i) 6.29 % (ii) 4 % (iii) -0.815 %
(b) (i) 187.4V (ii) 192V (iii) 201.6V
5. The following test results were obtained for a 20 KVA, 50 Hz, 2400/240V distribution
transformer:
O.C test(LV): 240V, 1.066A, 126.6W
S.C test(HV): 57.5V, 8.34A, 284W
(a) When the transformer is operated as a step down transformer with the output voltage equals
to 240V, supplying a load at U.P.F, determine the maximum efficiency and the U.P.F load at
which it occurs.
(b) Determine the P.F of the rated load, supplied at 240V, such that the terminal voltage
observed on reducing the load to zero is still 240V.
Ans: (a) 13.37 KVA, 98.14 % (b) 0.805 leading

6. In a 25 KVA, 2000/200V transformer, the iron and copper losses are 300 and 400W
respectively.
(a) Calculate the efficiency on U.P.F at (i) full load (ii) half load.
(b) Determine the load for maximum efficiency and the iron and the copper loss in this
case.
Ans: (a) (i) 97.27 % (ii) 96.9 % (b) 21.6 KVA, 300W, 300W

7. The efficiency of a 1000 KVA, 110/220V, 50Hz, single phase transformer is 98.5% at half full
load at 0.8 pf leading and 98.8% at full load U.P.F. Determine (a) iron loss (b) full load copper
loss (c) maximum efficiency at U.P.F.
Ans: (a) 4071W (b) 8079W (c) 98.9 %

8. A transformer has its maximum efficiency of 0.98 at 20 KVA at U.P.F. During the day it is
loaded as follows.
12 hours: 2 KW at P.F 0.6
6 hours: 10KW at P.F 0.8
6 hours: 20 KW at P.F 0.9
Find the all day efficiency of the transformer.
Ans: 96.77 %

9. A 400/100V, 10 KVA, 2 winding transformer is to be employed as an autotransformer to

supply a 400V circuit from a 500V source. When tested as a 2-winding transformer at rated
load, 0.85 pf lagging, its efficiency is 0.97%.
(a) Determine its KVA rating as an autotransformer.
(b) Find its efficiency as an autotransformer.
Ans: (a) 50 KVA (b) 99.38 %

10. A 200/400V, 20 KVA, and 50Hz transformer is connected as an autotransformer to transform

600V to 200V.
(a) Determine the autotransformer ratio a1.
(b) Determine the KVA rating of the autotransformer.
(c) With a load of 20 KVA, 0.8 P.F lagging connected to 200V terminals, determine the
currents in the load and the two transformer windings.
Ans: (a) 3 (b) 30 (c) 100A, 50A, 50A

11. A 20 KVA, 4400/220V transformer with an equivalent impedance of 0.01 Ω is to operate in

parallel with a 15 KVA, 4400/220V transformer with an equivalent impedance of 0.015 Ω. The
two transformers are connected in parallel and made to carry a load of 25KVA. Assume both
the impedances to have the same angle.
(a) Find the individual load currents.
(b) What % of the rated capacity is used in each transformer?
Ans: (a) 68.2A, 45.6A (b) 75 %, 66.7 %
12. Two single phase transformers rated 1000 KVA and 500 KVA respectively are connected in
parallel on both HV and LV sides. They have equal voltage ratings of 11 KV/400V and their
p.u impedances are (0.02+j0.07) and (0.025+j0.0875) Ω respectively. What is the largest value
of the unity power factor load that can be delivered by the parallel combination at the rated
voltage?
Ans: 1400 KVA

13. The HV terminals of a 3-phase bank of three single phase transformers are connected to a 3-
wire, 3-phase, 11 KV (line-to-line) system. The LV terminals are connected to a 3-wire, 3-
phase load rated of 1000 KVA and 2200V line to line. Specify the voltage, current and KVA
ratings of each transformer(both HV and LV windings) for the following connections:
(a) HV-Y,LV-Δ (b) HV- Δ, LV-Y (c) HV-Y,LV-Y (d) HV- Δ, LV- Δ
Ans: (a) 6.35/2.2 KV, 52.6/151.5A, 333.3 KVA
(b) 11/1.27 KV, 30.3/262.4A, 333.3 KVA
(c) 6.35/1.27 KV, 52.6/262.4A, 333.3 KVA
(d) 11/2.2KV, 30.3/151.5A, 333.3 KVA