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by
A DISSERTATION
IN
CHEMISTRY
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Approved
Accepted
May, 1 9 ^
T3
A/o.4
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
LIST OF TABLES vi
I. INTRODUCTION 1
Materials 2
Method of P r e p a r a t i o n of Complexes . . . . . 2
6-Hydrates 2
Methods of Analysis 5
I n s t r u m e n t a l Methods 7
Thermogravimetrie S t u d i e s in VaoKO 7
Evolution S t u d i e s 8
Reflectance Spectroscopy S t u d i e s 8
X-Ray D i f f r a c t i o n S t u d i e s 8
Magnetic S u s c e p t i b i l i t y S t u d i e s 9
iii
Calorimetric Studies 10
Hydrogen C h l o r i d e E v o l u t i o n S t u d i e s 11
Thermal I n f r a r e d S p e c t r o s c o p y S t u d i e s 13
CHLORIDE HEXAHYDRATES 16
Review o f t h e L i t e r a t u r e 16
Experimental Results 18
Analytical Results 18
T h e r m o g r a v i m e t r i c S t u d i e s in Vacuo 22
X-Ray S t u d i e s 24
D i f f e r e n t i a l Thermal A n a l y s i s and Gas
Evolution Studies 2^
Hydrogen C h l o r i d e E v o l u t i o n S t u d i e s 29
D i s c u s s i o n and C o n c l u s i o n 40
BROMIDE HEXAHYDRATES 43
Review of t h e L i t e r a t u r e 43
Experimental Results 45
Dynamic R e f l e c t a n c e S t u d i e s 48
D i s c u s s i o n and C o n c l u s i o n 54
Review of t h e L i t e r a t u r e 55
Experimental Results 58
iv
Analytical Results 58
Thermogravimetric Studies in Air 58
Table
I. Analytical Results 19
IV. Anedytical R e s u l t s 60
V. Heats of Dehydration 79
VI
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures
9. . Reflectance Spectra 30
10. Reflectance S p e c t r a 31
11. Reflectance S p e c t r a 32
18. Reflectance S p e c t r a 46
19. Reflectance S p e c t r a 47
20. Reflectance S p e c t r a 49
21. Reflectance S p e c t r a 50
VI1
Figures
30. I n f r a r e d Absorption S p e c t r a 73
34. Reflectance S p e c t r a 81
35. Reflectance S p e c t r a 82
37. Reflectance S p e c t r a 85
38. Reflectance S p e c t r a 86
39. Reflectance S p e c t r a 88
40. Reflectance S p e c t r a 89
41. Reflectance S p e c t r a 90
42. Reflectance S p e c t r a 92
43. Reflectance S p e c t r a 93
44. Reflectance S p e c t r a 94
45. Reflectance S p e c t r a 95
47. Reflectance S p e c t r a 98
48. Reflectance S p e c t r a 99
• • •
Vlll
**9, Reflectance Spectra lOo
IX
CHAPTER I
^ INTRODUCTION
metal complexes.
CHAPTER II
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Materials
b u r g , New J e r s e y .
S c i e n t i f i c C o . , F a i r Lawn, New J e r s e y .
Method of P r e p a r a t i o n of Complexes
s u l f u r i c a c i d in vacuo.
Both t h e chloropentaquochromium(III) c h l o r i d e 1 - h y d r a t e ,
CrCl3»6H20 as d e s c r i b e d by Bjerrum(2).
water.
of t h e complex.
Methods of Analysis
indicator.
which was then packed with cupric oxide. The temperature of the two
combustion furnaces was s e t a t 850^0 and t h e p o s t h e a t e r temperature
was 550®C. The i n s t r u m e n t ' s automatic combustion cycle was used with
I n s t r u m e n t a l Methods
was employed.
was observed.
X-Ray D i f f r a c t i o n Studies
Gouy method. The apparatus used was a modification of the high tem-
t e r and 10.2 cm in length, sealed at one end. The tube was marked
the bottom of the tube extended half the way down between the magnet
pole p i e c e s . The tube and contents were weighed with the current off
cgs.units(12).
tion:
"^ m
empty sample t u b e .
The c o r r e c t e d molar s u s c e p t i b i l i t y i s t h e n :
5,. X 106 = ^X ^ C)
^ m '^ -^^ MW
taken from the values listed by Figgis and Lewis(13). The magnetic
moment, u ^- , is then given by the following equation:
err.
u -- = 2.84 (x* T)^/^ Bohr Magnetons
err. m
Calorimetric Studies
t h e s t a n d a r d f o r t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n of the sample h e a t s of r e a c t i o n .
b e r , was recorded on t h e X a x i s of t h e r e c o r d e r .
12
o
rH
PI
V O ;:-•
O « C
< C o O
(D O -H
V ^- c -p
«n o C
«r) ^ ^:^
(::; t H * ^
r)
rH
w
2$ f-l :3
o o -p
Record
o cd
4-i
o >|l c3
O >-•
l-i rA
c>
CO iU
O M
1;'-»-^ J
/ - -t\
L
f1 JH
X
1 O
1 T
»^ i rH
O
>
lA
o
t 1 r TD
1 •H
Us O
c
.»1
o:
/C^^
VJ'
4^
O
k—'
O
rH
fg ^^-J c ^*1
o P.
c c
Q
Electi
drcg^
K-»
tr:
y
^ «\
P. ^ «
^ ) •
c t, rA
,
V ^ O (I'i
KM
v^ O ?
05 -P
;5; CO ^
LO
H .H
p ;3
CQ E-t
1 \
13
furnace.
Ho a t e d SamTDle H o l d e r
_-_-J
f i
•"^w...
:]^
rcoioronce
Infrared W ^
3 earn
Spectrophotometer
P-owsr
Supply-
evolution of gaseous products was rapid, and the KBr matrix did
Review of the L i t e r a t u r e
more than four waters when heated f o r 6 hours a t lOO^C. The product
16
17
> CrOCl
Experimental Results
Analytical Results
^o
G^ H r--
:5 . • •
o o O rH o- T
^ o j p., -CJ- -d-
»-^H
^
\.^ 5U rov rr\ N-N
U'^ LTN Lr^
o » • •
c
.c o O o
&H -::t- -:T -:t
<D
13
^ 'C
u c O vo r—
o :3 • • •
H O C!\ ON
^ (i.
o
- ^ tCs N'N
o
>^
rA ^ NO VO vo
CO O ON ON CTN
-P 0) • • •
o ^ crs C\ C\
E-i E-^ K> hr\ KN
\.^^.
Q)
T3
•H
CO ^
Eri
o -cC rH CM
rH • 1 •
r3 ^ ^ O Li^
CO CJ) O ^d- rA
w 1
<D
fc
rH >»
,P ?H VO - ^ CM
Cd o as vo KN
< cj> N G • • •
BA M T^ ^ ON VO (^
EH C H K\ <\J rH
a o
M
>- o
v-^
^O C\J l<\ UN
• • •
S :3 ON ON CJN
:3 o H rA rA
•H [in
S ,
o >> H rH rH
f^ U LTN LPv \S\
• • •
^
O
o
(!) ON ON ON
r-i
H H H
\>^ EH
O
O CM
CM tcj
W CM
. *
C\J H
H C3
X rOv CJ> •11 1
iH CM
iH O ^ rH
P. 1 1 otTN O
v^ -d-
s y—. ^—> »—»
o
o oCM O
CVJ
oCM
W s_<>m tr:
^.»' «>_«
JH JH ^
.O. .o.
li^J
20
A. [cr(H2C)5]ci^
5 — [cr(H20)i^Cl^Cl«2K20
CO
CO
c:5
20^
[cr(H20)^]ci^
B [cr(H20)[^Cl2]ci*2H20
C rar(H20)5Cl]ci2*H20
CO
CO
o
EH
'C5
^
M
W
20^of.
weight.
tion points were at 195**C (point a) and 210°C (point b ) , with comple-
[cr(H20)5]ci^
[cr:H20)^Cl]ci2-H20
[cr(H20)!^Cl2]G1^2H2^
TE.v:r^.;ATURS "C
Figure 5^ TGA Curves, in Vacu •o
24
of t h e i n i t i a l sample w e i g h t .
t o 70.4% of t h e o r i g i n a l sample w e i g h t .
X-Ray S t u d i e s
t h e r e s u l t s a r e given i n Table I I .
M o o
KN
O O
CO
CO O
rA
rOv
o ^ -d- O C7^
•H O CM VO iH
O CXJ CTN .::t C^
• • • •
P.
CO
LfN CM CM rH
i
•d-.
EH
VD ON O
< M ^ o CTN KN CTN
(A c— o
S
O
M M
IH E-i K\ * - ^
O O •-t:
CM '^-'
g U
o
to NN vO o L/N CM
CQ
<
fe
|JH ^c rOv VO CO H C—
VO VO ^ CO vD
H M o
Q CO
p. K\ CM CM
0-)
^
1
g1 73
M O rH
O CJN N"\ VO
o M
::s
ti
•H
cr: •^-»
<D o<C
f« -"^
to O KN D^ CTN CM
o c CM VD [>- O C^
rH •H
VO VO . ^ CO VO
p. o
Ill
CO
p. N-N CM CM
CO
a c/:)
TJ
26
CO
•1)
>
>
-/)
CO
c:)
tn
(.0
^—*
rH
1-1
01
.vH
o
u
o
.H
VO
-J
:^Si-iojszH
27
.J-
U
c3
,-'
r—
O
»-'
f^'l
CO
CO
O
13
r-'
>-4
C3
cn
•H
c:> C'J
o t>.
rH
cC
c-:;
ir^ «y
y
t-< rH
:/j
—
,
ft} tH
EH
H
.,H
.H
ssiiOdisza
28
CO
>
::$
•H
(J
>
CO
CO
CO
•r-l
C3 CO
o (—
; - i
CO
K c
i^c:
^ rH
fr: fn
PH a>
/• ^
X
EH
w
tH
rH
Cij
•r-t
• ^
c-
^*
o
u
C_'
o
<M
CT'
%H
iSi:ods.-.H
29
involved t h e e v o l u t i o n of gaseous p r o d u c t s .
For CCr(H20)5]Cl3, peak maxima were noted a t 415 mp and 580 mp.
ished completely.
2H2O were a t 445 my and 645 my, r e s p e c t i v e l y . At both 105® and 160^0,
t h e hexaquocomplex a t t h e same t e m p e r a t u r e s .
completed.
30
WAVELENGTri
' i g u r e 9* ReTlectance Spoctra
31
-10
[cr(H20) Cl]ci2'H2^
A — 25^0
WAVELENGTH, rn;a
Fi^mre 1 0 ,
•LJ'- Reflectance Spectra
32
[0r(K2O)|^ClJci*2H2O
-20
A — 2".^C
B — 110 C
C — i6o°c
-60
CD
o—
rCN
c
>
c.-) o
r>
_4
v^
o
r.1
^
^ ^-' r-<
r"
—(
!--> rA
t— O
• ^' >
"-H
W
'-J
o
C\J
o
rH
o
o_
CM
•H
O LTN
o
CM CM
t X- -1.
FA
34
o
-:t
O
o >
NN
0
CJ) o
O
o
TA
rr; •P
H o
>
O
o. til
CM rj
—^
CH
o
o
u
>^
O
o-
rA
rH
O
U
5
•H
-N O Li'N
o
N^ KN CNJ eg
J- I
hd
35
o
CM
I---I
.
r-\
O
CM
rA
c:)
o o
cu KN c;
>
JH
r-C
^
CJ)
o
o C
G
Ti
4^
w
'>-' 0
ID rA
H O
< >
O
cr: w
t£l .-1\
C- :^
CM •• r
•"^
^i-i TH
H !^.
o
r-'.
,c
c_^
c
O"!
':.0
o
CH
tj'
'^
O W
o*
rA
•H
O ITN
o
KN CM CM
I I
Hd
36
as shown in Figures 15, 16, and 17. The veiy large initial decrease
three complexes showed inflection points between 200® and 250®C where
the loss of the first mole of hydrogen chloride was completed. The
final two moles of hydrogen chloride were lost, without any indica-
o
KN
>
0
CJ)
o
o
O
•H
4-)
O
>
O
o- PH
cu
w
EH
q
r—1
CO
to
O o
O"
.
UN
H
0
U
•H
o CJ rov
I
lOK dio si^ia^VAinba
38
•D
>
J^
^
C3
CJ>
o O
*-»
r-T -J>
.—I • ^
rH
r^
V-< O
^.^, >
w
r •-'
C-j
P-, G
'C5
T:^ ^
EH
O
rH
r-t
r*-t
o
c
<D
tjO
o
fn
^ _ j
>>
w
VD
0
to
.H
lOH ao siMaivAinoa
39
o
o"
O
CvJ
CM
.
rH
O
fvj'
rA
C3
O O.
CM O <D
I*
O
o
o r—'
>-4
o
T^
TrJI 4^
rr: ::<
r^ r-4
tH O
'^ >
Cd
O
w
('1
o (^ '-L'
CM
• ^ • l
l » ^ •TJ
Ci3 .r^
EH
o
r-i
r-
G
!•-<
c:;
••0
o
O
O"
H
rH
•up
O OJ KN
1
10 K JO s:;u9XBA-ynos
40
The w e i g h t - l o s s c u r v e s , i n a i r , f o r t h e chromium(III) c h l o r i d e
l o s s of 80.99%.
thermal d i s s o c i a t i o n reaction.
of h y d r a t i o n i s i n e x c e l l e n t agreement with t h e r e s u l t s r e p o r t e d by
Godefroy(23).
A d d i t i o n a l confirmation r e g a r d i n g t h e composition of t h e t h e r m a l
41
lines of both Cr203 and CrCls. The data indicated only the presence
of Cr203 lines while the CrCl3 lines were absent, thus the final pro-
The reflectance studies indicated that the same product was ob-
tained for all three isomers after the initial reaction at lOO^C.
CCr(H20)6]Cl3(s) 1
Reactions (1) and (2) account for the first reaction step at
100°C. Reaction (3) must also occur to some extent since hydrogen
Review of t h e L i t e r a t u r e
43
44
Experimental R e s u l t s
Reflectance Spectroscopy S t u d i e s
The r e f l e c t a n c e s p e c t r a of c o b a l t ( I I ) c h l o r i d e 6 - h y d r a t e , a t
a s t r o n g band between 625 my and 700 my and by small peaks a t 535 and
by peaks a t 540 my, 500 my, and 455 my. At SO^C, the 6-hydrate m e l t -
GoCl2^6H20 i n KCl
A — 50^0, 1 minute
B — 5 0 ° C , 15 m i n u t e s
C — llO^C
^80
-10
WAVELENGTH, m^
Figure 19. Reflectance Spectra
48
535 my, 470, and 430 my, and a small peak at 395 my. Over a period
640 my t o 750 my and small peaks at 570, 540, 485, 470, 465, 435, 425,
and 395 my. I t can be seen from curve C that t h i s complex was s t a b l e
band from 640 my t o 750 my with shoulder peaks at 535 my, 475 my,
and 435 my, and a small peak at 400 my. The f i n a l product of anhy-
C — l60^G
70
10
Y/AVELENGTH, mu
d r a l absorbance band.
30
<
«50 +
V o
in
A
70- B - Al^Oj
;
X=675 mu
90--
'1 75
_L_
100
On
L_
150
i
TEIviPii.nA i un.
10-
A
\
\
B
> 30--
o 50-- Co3r2*oK20 in
3 — Al20^
70-L
X = 675 ^^u^
h
y
90-
5P
H 100
I
125
L_
150
•J'
TEMPERATURE
'igure 25. Dynamic Reflectance Spectroscopy Curves
54
mide co::.plex in KBr. Even in the alumina matrix, which does not fa-
This i n d i c a t e s that the dehydration involved more than the simple for-
The first two complexes have tetrahedral structures, the last has an
octrahedral structure, and the complex, C0X2CI2, has both forms. The
forms are stable. As was also pointed out by Katzin and Gebert, in
solvents such as water, which strongly compete with chloride ions for
observed in the spectrum of the CoCl2'6H20 melt. The melt did have
395, 425, 430, 465, and 475 my. The spectrum of the CoBr2'6H20 melt
CoBr2»2H20 was probably due t o the increase in size of the halide ion
a l k a l i ( 3 4 ) , a l k a l i e a r t h ( 3 4 , 3 5 ) , rare e a r t h ( 3 6 , 3 7 ) , t r a n s i t i o n ( 3 - 5 ,
ment).
temperature i n d i c a t o r s .
56
57
ous s o l u t i o n s . G i u s e p p e t t i ( 4 2 , 4 3 ) made s t u d i e s on t h e s t r u c t u r e of
hexamethylenetetramine complexes of c o b a l t ( I I ) c h l o r i d e , z i n c c h l o -
tion.
58
Experimental R e s u l t s
Analytical Results
Thermogravimetric S t u d i e s i n Air
i n Figure 24.
CoaOij.
•a
c
;3 ON o CO CTN NO CM C--
o • • • • • • •
rA fn ON c^ NO CTN ON o
ort H
-::r
r-i
-P
<D iH
f—*
O
V;.
4^
<D CO CO NN CO CM rA rA
!H ON NO NO rA o O KN
C • • • « • • •
o ON CO r- CTN O O LTA
^ rH rH rH
fc-«
t?
c C\J o <\j LPv CO K^ CTN
:3 • • • . • • •
o CO r- CM CO CTN LTN
tr, iH H ^ CM rA r-i CM
c
1)
t-O
o rA
f^ a
4^ o
•n •H
cn ;z5 4^ c^ ON ON C^ rA rA CO
--U
EH O ON -d" C— CM rH ON
»-:) \R • • • <> • • •
^3 o CO NO -=f H CO CTN NO
i-i c/^ c:> rH rH H C\ H rH CM
M W
M Dc: fi -
vrl hj
*-^ <
« C) 'C
M O CO KN CTN
<
EH H c
0
ON
• • • • •
M o rA ^f^ CM CM c
^^ fx. rA (\i rOv H iH
<; G)
tn
s
< •H H
rH 03
crt O'
m •H rc\ LTN LTN CM KN
4:» O LfN CO rH rH
\5^ 0? • • • • •
?H C\J KN C\J CM C^
o rA OJ KN H rA
<D
fi c>
c 1
O O c > O O
C\J CM O 1— i CM CM
K tr: CM • W K
o o W ( O
\J
-
oH iH
X iH r-\ O
0 • • H r<N • •
I-I (\J <\J • C> - ^ CM (M
p^ H ^ CM tz; H r-l
B O fi) M
o
1/5 C-) O
o C\J CO CM (\J CM CM CM
o
< < < <3: < < <
EH E-I EH & • < EH H
1::^^
EH
*-—1
»—H
•—^ *
»c—*
%—
r-'i
•" *
f--^
^ ^
»^ 0
>^ ^^ «"^
w
^b^'
W
Sw^
m
N_i^
2: .* w
»k.»' w
««-»'
w
^-"^
o O O C> O
c 0
o o o c) SJ CJ)
o
60
c NO -cr• CO KN -d-
ri • • • •
C^ -4-
o CTN CO ON
fr.
rA 3
«
4J rH
0) CO
*"rH
O
•H
\>^ 4^
<D NO CO
ON
o O O CM
r-
>-* NO NO NO -d- NO CM
O
<D ON 00 0- ON
co KN -::t
^ -d- CM -::t-
EH
/
'd
C LP» KN O N NO ON ON
r-
;r! • • • • • • •
O CTN NO KN C^ CM o CO
C fe H rH rA rA rA rA
Q)
fcO
o H
f-t a
4J o
•H •H
CO :^; 4-> CO CO ITN H ON H CM
(JN LTN O NO
EH 0)
^ •
-d-• - ^
•
CM
• • • •
\,^
O 00 NO CO KN O CO
CO 0 rA rA ^ r-i rH H
^
tH
<c
o 'O
ON
M rA rA rH UfN
<
EH EH
r:
;r! • • • • • r-•
O C\J _=j- KN NO LfN rH
P^ rH CM KN H CM CM
0
tD
TA rH
rA CO
a O
W .H KN KN KN KN CM -zt
4^ O LPk CO CM f - 00
\>^ QJ • • • • • •
^ CM KN CM C^ LfN H
O r-i CM KN rA CM CM
<D
H
r*-* '
EH
O O
O O oCM CM CM
CM (\J O W W
t-r-"
t-^-l CM -a- -:3-
• •
o o o
X r-i rA o H CM CM
<D • • rA • rH H
iH CM CvJ • ^ CJ) C)
O. rH O CM ITN LTN
O
u M
CM
en H • •
sa
O CM
wCM CM CM O O O
o
< < < <al <: < <
EH Ej B:^ H EH Er^ EH
»•—<
K^
W W W W w W w
•H •H ^ ^ tiO C TO
13 O
^ ^ ^ w w
61
Co(HiVlTA)2Gl2-10H20
Co(IIlv:TA)23r2'10H20
Co(HMTA)2l2'10K20
Co(KMTA)2(NO5)2*IOK2O
Co(HiMTA)2S0|^^10H20
T2:VIFERKTURS -O
F i g u r e 2l|.. TCIA C u r v e s , A i r - A t m o s p h e r e
62
formation of CosO^.
A Hi(HMTA)2Br2*10H20
B Ni(HMTA)2Cl2'10H20
C lNi(HI.ITA)2l2»10H20
D Ni(HMTA)2S0j, •10K2^
00
o
EH
tn
O
M
W
2 Oc^
0^
100 200
5° 1^00 ^00 600
L_ L-.
TEMPERATURE
Figure 25. TGA C u r v e s , A i r - A t m o s p h e r e
64
t i o n of NiO.
an i n t e r m e d i a t e h y d r a t e forming during d e h y d r a t i o n .
formation of NiO.
In{KMTA)2Cl2*lOH20
Hg(HMTA)Gl2
Cu(KMTA)2Cl2
Zn(HI»ITA)Q ^^12*^4^20
Cd(KMTA)Q^^Cl2'i|H20
' TEMPERATURE ^C
t h e product i s 80.82%.
i n f o r m a t i o n with r e g a r d t o decomposition i n t e r m e d i a t e s .
Thermogravimetric S t u d i e s in Vacuo
l o s t a t ambient t e m p e r a t u r e s .
marked t h e s e p a r a t i o n of t h e two r e a c t i o n s t e p s .
deamination s t e p s .
A — Co(HiY.TA)2Cl2
B — Co(HMTA)2Br-2
)2l2
Oo(NO^)
5'2
CO
CO
20fo
100 200
I 3,00
3i 500 600
TEMPERATTJRE ^C
Figure 2?. TGA C u r v e s , i_n Vacuo
69
at t h i s temperature.
;;i(KMTA)2S0|
'4-
B Kl(HMTA)2l2
C
D r:i(HMTA)20l2
CO
CO
o
tA
CO
M
20^
TEMPERATURE ^C
Figure 28. TGA C u r v e s , xr\ Vacuo
71
A Cd(HMTA)Q r C l 2
B Zn(IiMTA)Q c 0 l 2
C Iun(EMTA)2Cl2
D Cu(mTA)2Cl2
CO
CO
o
B-*
1-5
20,^
30, and are representative of those obtained for the other complexes.
trum i s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of hexamethylenetetramine.
Lr\
O O
o C' O
O - ^ -
oLTN o
KN KN
KN iH CM
I I I • ^
CM
cC rA
U
o_ .» 4^
ffi O
EH o
O p.
^ CO
ON- W
KJ C
w
>
o
•H
< 4^
co- >• [-^
O
w
^
[V <
^
o
1-1
NO- CO
u
C-:
C
M
ir\-
•
O
^^
-:3--
o
u
6)
.rH
N%-
fe
74
Calorimetric Studies
d e h y d r a t i o n , t h e c o b a l t ( I I ) halo-complexes, as shown i n t h e e n t h a l p i c
formation of an i n t e r m e d i a t e h y d r a t e .
taneously.
75
Co(HMTA)2Cl2^10K20
o
CO
w
Co(HMTn)2Br2•lOHoC
^
:U(nKTA)2Cl2«10H20
CO rJ 1 (rhuTA ; 2 ^ ^ 2 •^^^•^"2
o
a,
CO
-»r>
5; 5^0 ^ /^ /^
Uo !,:::•'>
/ v/
1 i:
>K
\ '^i_.''OTT '^
i u l . ' , i l . . . i r i . , ' 2 ^ - ^ ' > * J^'>^^-0*
cdCmiTA)
w
CO
o
CO
Zn ( HIV;TA)Q^C,C12 • -'-jH 2O
550
-J
550
L-
7 <^l^
L_
t 10 k 30
l i s t e d i n Table V.
Magnetic S u s c e p t i b i l i t y S t u d i e s
R e f l e c t a n c e Spectroscopy S t u d i e s
535 my.
a c t e r i z e d by a very s t r o n g band between 575 ray and 635 my, small fine
s t r u c t u r e peaks a t 480 my, 435 my, 420 my, and 380 my, and a s h o u l d e r
peaks a t 450 my, 430 my, and 390 my, and s h o u l d e r peaks a t 540 my and
480 my.
79
CMrH
W o
NO CM CM KN
(0 • CM LTN rH KN NO LTN
r-i
o
tn iH
<3 9
H CM - ^ rH LTN NO NO iTN CM
Q
>i
iri o
fA
O
CM
O
(M
oCM oCM oCM O
CM
O
CM
O
CM
O
CvJ
CO
E-* O m
O
rH
K
O
rH
irj
o
rH
W
D~
1
w
KN
1
w
o
rA
W
O
rH
te
-:t
i
3 i
1 i 1 1 1
o o o oCM CM CM
CM
W
CM
O
W
CM
CM
W
o
O
K
CvJ
• •
3
o O o H CM CM
rH r-i rH •
o
rA rH rH
'O CVJ • • CM • CJ> C)
CM *CM CM ^ CM LTN LTN
U M rA (X) M • •
o CM CM CM O CM CM O o
p. CvJ ^"*^ -<—» ^-~» ^"-^
< < .-.' <
o EH EH H EH H EH
o »--«
^—*
It—1
f^ ^ -*
^ — 4
*<f—,
--*
w W
v.^*
m
'V.^'
W
^ i - - '
K
•<»_<•
o O O 1-: •H 'O C
o O t=r J3 J2; o tvj
80
„.-^
•
«—•
•
CQ - ^ ON KN o o CO rH o
'— CM CM CM -d- -rJ- —^" O NO
• • • • • • • • •
KA KN KN KN KN KN NO CVJ
^1
<3J
O O o
CvJ CM O CM
CM
o O
w o
rA iH rA
TJ • • O
H •
d (\J CM CM CM •CM CM
2 rH r-i U CM >A CM rH rH
C)
O
P. CM
O
CM
mCM mCM MCM M CM CJCM r CM )
W sp-Z *-^«
W
p-^
w
^•r•^
f ^
M ,^ ^ ^ ^ •H .H •H c Hi
> o ^ ^ « ^ S '^
k—«
o
w
^ CO
a)
<
M
H
i-i KrJ
t-^
f-r* ta—•
•
O
•
.'^
cq (M LTN -Zj- NO CTN H rH
— O NO LTN NO r-l
o o
eff,
t:^
O
CM
U1
O o O
CM CM o rH
•
CM
o o l-'-H CM
'•o rH H ^^
• •
o
rH K-\
c
;3 CM CM CM CM • O
o rH H ^ U CM CM r—1
i^^ fjy O CQ PQ M M -'-'
•::| CM CM CM CM CM CM CM
o ^~v
o O o O O o o
o r^ o o O o o
81
\
EH
O \
— oo ui"i-^-'^-; 2"^
C —^ All Hydrated Cobalt(Il) Complexes
:MTA)-T
— CO(K:UTA)2C12
— Co{EIwTA)23r2
600 ip^
WAVELEKGTH, m^
655 my, a sharp peak a t 390 my, and shoulder peaks a t 545 my and 450
420 my.
very s t r o n g band from 600 my t o 510 my, a s m a l l peak a t 435 my, and
t a i l i n g i n t o t h e i n f r a r e d region and t h e o t h e r c o n t i n u i n g i n t o t h e
o
<
en
o
vVAVELElv^GTii ;,wi
r
Figure 58, Reflectance Spectra
87
t i o n s a r e c a r r i e d out i n t h e presence of a l a r g e p r o p o r t i o n of s o l i d
m a t r i x m a t e r i a l , t h i s m a t e r i a l may a l t e r t h e product of t h e r e a c t i o n
drous i o d i d e complex.
/ •
y N/
r \
-20 I \
I \
I \
I
I .- \
B
>0
I!
» / • \
/ . . • • \
-i|0 / \
/ \
o /
H /
\
O
/ \
-50
t«.
in NaF
n^ (
,Uo^n...TA)2l2*10H20
20 «
in
B — i n NaBr
C — i n Ka?
-50
B
/
\ :
/ /
<
O
-60
80
.Co(H:.:TA)2Br2'iOH20
A — i n NaCl
• w
B — i n Nal
C — i n NaF
t r a n s f e r band of Co(HMTA)2l2.
t o some e x t e n t .
o b t a i n e d , even a f t e r thorough g r i n d i n g . To i n c r e a s e t h e c o n t a c t b e -
92
O(H:.:TA)_CI^«IOHOO
^0
_ c 2 2 ^
A -— I n NuBr
B i n Nai
i n NaF
-50
o
<
EH
O
cr:
..•'/"*
\ -
?.0
• • •
^
D — i n NH, Cl
4
1 ^ f- P ; /-N
--A
W
•A
'^"«..^ D
0 ' 1'"'
J j_ li 1:^
.-. — i n i\rj,or
2C
— i n KIT, I
i n u.^-l; ;p^'-'!
obtained.
complex was o b t a i n e d .
t h e f i n a l product t o be Co(HMTA)2l2-
-70
Co(IiI.:TA)^SO, -lOH^O
A — in Nal
B — in NaBr*
C — in Nal
n.r\ 600
Si
1 r r '^
rnn
Co(H:/:TA)p3r^.lOH20
A — i n Nal
Co(r!ilTA),Clo'10H-0
\ /
\ /
\
/
\
/
^so
VA
tion. Even those complexes for which the two steps could not be dif-
mation.
curves of the cobalt and nickel complexes indicated that two moles of
remaining ammonia molecules were lost slowly leaving the metal salt
and free caii)on. The final step in the decomposition was air oxidation
leaving the metal oxide as a final product. The three reactions were:
290°
MC(CH2)6N^]2X2 > M(NH3)2X2 ^ 12C + 6NH3
2950-50OO
M(NH3)2X2 > MX2 + 2NH3
o c c u r r e d , t h u s forming t h e s t a b l e CCu(NH3)6]Cl2 as an i n t e r m e d i a t e .
steps: J
«w «, ^ 550**-650®
2MnCl2 + O2 -^^— > 2MnO •»• 2Cl2«
c e l l e n t agreement with t h e w e l l - c h a r a c t e r i z e d s p e c t r a of o c t a h e d r a l
the anion. There must, however, have been bonding between c o b a l t and
expected f o r t h e i n c r e a s e d f i e l d s t r e n g t h of t h e amine.
t e r i s t i c of t h e c o b a l t ( I I ) t e t r a h e d r a l c o n f i g u r a t i o n ( 2 9 ) . The h a l i d e
common f o r n i c k e l ( I I ) , was r e a d i l y e l i m i n a t e d as a p o s s i b i l i t y s i n c e
have s t r o n g bands i n t h i s r e g i o n .
structure.
the f r e e i n g of a coordination p o s i t i o n .
dependent upon the coordinating metal. The order observed for the
s t a b i l i z i n g complex formation.
LIST OF REFERENCES
6. W. W. W e n d l a n d t , T. D. G e o r g e , and K. V. K r i s h m a n u r t y ,
J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. ^ 2]^, 69 ( 1 9 6 1 ) .
107
108
29. L. I . Katzin and E. Gebert, J. Am. Chem. Soc.y 72_, 5464 (1950).
30. L. I . Katzin and E. Gebert, J. Am. Chem. Soc.y 15^ 2830 (1953).
31. C. Shen and M. Chang, Hua Hsueh Hsueh PaOy 26_, 124 (1960).
37. H. C. Kremers and C. W. Balke, J. Am. Chem. Soc.y 40_, 598 (1918).