Division 05 Metals Section 05500 Metal Fabrication

Division 05 - Metals

Section 05500 - Metal Fabrication

1 Part 1: General
1 01 Summary
The work covered by this Section consists of providing all tools, labour, equipment and
materials, and performing all operations in connection with metal fabrication.

1 01 01 Section includes
Note: For insect screens see Sections 08500 and/or 08600

01.0 General Metal Fabrication

02.0 Stairs and Ladders
03.0 Handrails and Railings
04.0 Nosings
05.0 Trench covers
060. Floor Gratings
07.0 Security Grilles
08.0 Fences

1 01 02 Products delivered but not installed under this Section

1 01 03 Products installed but not delivered under this Section

1 01 04 Related Sections
01060 Regulatory Requirements
01300 Submittals
09900 - Painting

1 02 References
1 02 01 Applicable Standards

1 02 01 01 Saudi Arabian Standards

SASO 79 : 98 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys products for Architectural
Applications
Part 1: Sheets, Strips, Bars and Structural Sections
SASO 80 : 77 Testing Methods for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys Products
for Building Purposes
Part 1: Sheets, Strips, Bars and Structural Sections.

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1 02 01 02 Gulf Standards

1 02 01 03 International Standards
ISO 185 : 88 Grey cast iron - Classification
ISO 209 : 89 Wrought aluminum and aluminum alloys
ISO 630 : 95 Structural steels - Plates, wide flats, bars, sections and profiles
ISO 1461 : 99 Metallic coatings - Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated
ferrous products - requirements
ISO 2063 : 91 Metallic and other inorganic coatings - Thermal spraying - Zinc,
aluminum and their alloys
ISO 2081 : 86 Metallic coatings - Electroplated coatings of zinc on iron and
steel
ISO 2892 : 73 Austenitic cast iron
ISO 3573 : 86 Hot-rolled carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing
qualities.
ISO 3574 : 86 Cold-rolled carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing
qualities.
ISO 3575 : 96 Continuous hot-dip zinc-coated carbon steel sheet of
commercial, lock- forming and drawing qualities.
ISO 3755 : 91 Cast carbon steels for general engineering purposes
ISO 5002 : 82 Hot-rolled and cold-reduced electrolytic zinc-coated carbon steel
sheet of commercial and drawing qualities.
ISO 5922 : 81 Malleable cast iron
ISO 7599 : 83 Anodizing of aluminum and its alloys - General specification for
anodic oxide coatings on aluminum.

1 02 01 04 USA Standards

1 02 01 04 01 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

ASTM A167 : 99 Standard Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting
Chromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip
ASTM A276 : 00 Standard Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel
Bars and Shapes
ASTM E985 : 00 Standard Specification for Permanent Metal Railing Systems
and Rails for Buildings

1 02 01 05 European Standards

1 02 01 06 British Standards
BS 4102 : 98 Specification for steel wire for general fencing purposes
BS 4592 - Industrial type flooring, walkways and stair treads
BS 4592 - 1 : 95 Specification for open type bar gratings
BS 4592 - 2 : 87(94) Specification for expanded metal grating panels
BS 4592 - 3 : 87 Specification for cold formed planks
BS 4592 - 5 : 95 Specification for solid plates in steel, aluminium and glass
reinforced plastics
BS 4652 : 71(79) Specification for metallic zinc-rich priming paint.

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BS 6496 : 84(91) Specification for powder organic coatings for application and
stoving to aluminium alloy extrusions, sheet and preformed
sections for external architectural purposes, and for the finish on
aluminium alloy extrusions, sheet and preformed sections
coated with powder organic coatings
BS 6497 : 84 (91) Specification for powder organic coatings for application and
stoving to hot-dip galvanized hot-rolled steel sections and
preformed steel sheet for windows and associated external
architectural purposes, and for the finish on galvanized steel
sections and preformed sheet coated with powder organic
coatings

1 02 01 07 German Standards

1 02 02 Codes

1 02 03 Other References
AWS American Welding Society

1 03 Definitions
1 03 01 Technical Terms
austenitic stainless steel - stable at temperatures above 800 deg C
brass - an alloy of copper and zinc, containing between 5 and 40 % zinc
bronze - basically an alloy of copper and tin, additional elements may be added for
specific properties
cast iron - cast iron is an alloy of mainly iron, carbon and silicon. The carbon contents
are usually between 2.5 and 4 %.
electroplating - the electro-deposition of an adherent metallic coating upon an
electrode for the purpose of securing a surface with properties or dimensions different
from those of the basic metal
ferritic stainless steel - stable at temperatures up to about 800 deg C; the most
resistant and generally used in building contains about 17 % chromium
martensitic stainless steel - ferritic steel with a higher carbon content, which has
been rapidly cooled from above a critical temperature and so becomes very hard, yet
has a low corrosion resistance
stainless steel - generally there are three different types of stainless steels:
martensitic, ferritic and austenitic; the last one is mostly used for architectural and
engineering purposes; a standard quality contains 18 % chromium and 8 % nickel
(known as 18-8); the higher quality contains 18 % chromium, 10 % nickel and 3 %
molybdenum (known as 18-10-3)
steel - a material with iron as the predominant element, having a carbon content
generally less than 2 % and containing other elements. A limited number of chromium
steels may have more than 2 % carbon, but 2 % is the usual dividing line between
steel and cast iron.

1 03 02 Abbreviations
deg. C degree Celsius
max. maximum
min. minimum
o.c. on centre
UL Underwriters Laboratories (US)

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1 04 System Description
1 04 01 Design Requirements
Note: Restrict this paragraph to statements describing design requirements and
operational properties of a complete system (e.g. A/C System, lifts etc.) to be
designed by the Contractor.

1 04 02 Performance Requirements
Note: Restrict this paragraph to statements describing performance requirements
and operational properties of a complete system (e.g. A/C System, lifts etc.) to be
designed by the Contractor.

1 05 Submittals
Submit the following in accordance with Conditions of Contract and specification
Section 01300.

1 05 01 Product Data
Product data shall be provided for each type of material used for fabrication and for
fastening devices (e.g. doweling systems), showing compliance with referenced
Standards and requirements of local authorities.

1 05 02 Shop Drawings
Shop drawings shall be provided for all metal fabrication unless otherwise stated.
These drawings shall clearly show the construction of all parts, thickness of materials,
joint details, field connections and anchorage. A structural calculation shall be
provided for heavy equipment for the anchorage devices and shall be submitted with
the shop drawings. No production shall take place without the approval of the
Engineer.

1 05 03 Samples
Samples of all finishes other than galvanizing shall be submitted to the Engineer prior
to application for approval.

1 05 04 Quality Control Submittals

Documented experience of Contractor’s site supervisor(s) (see ref. 1 06 01 02)
Records and reports of Contractor’s Internal Q.C..
Records and reports of Contractor’s External Q.C..

1 05 05 Handing-Over Submittals
1 05 05 01 Project Records

1 05 05 02 Operation and Maintenance Data

1 05 06 Other Submittals

1 06 Quality Assurance
1 06 01 Qualifications

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1 06 01 01 Qualifications of Manufacturers
Products and pre-manufactured items used in the work of this Section shall be
produced by manufacturers regularly engaged in this work, with a history of successful
production acceptable to the Engineer.

1 06 01 02 Qualifications of Installers
Skilled workmen shall be used in adequate numbers who are thoroughly trained and
experienced in the necessary crafts and who are completely familiar with the specified
requirements and the methods needed for proper performance of work. .
Contractor’s site supervisor(s) shall have knowledge of referenced Standards and at
least five (5) years of documented experience.

1 06 02 Regulatory Requirements
Note: Specify obligations to comply with specific code requirements for
Contractor designed items and other requirements of local authorities.

1 06 03 Certifications
'Third Party' certificates issued by an authorized and independent agency or
laboratory shall be provided where indicated.

1 06 04 Quality Control

1 06 04 01 Internal Quality Control

Contractor’s internal Quality Control shall include but not be limited to:
Checking manufacturer's delivery tickets for compliance with supply order and
specification.

1 06 04 02 External Quality Control

see 1 06 03 “Certifications”

1 07 Delivery, Storage and Handling

1 07 01 Packing and Shipping
Deliver materials to site originally packed by manufacturer. Protect materials during
delivery to comply with manufacturer’s directions. Damaged materials shall be
replaced at Contractor's costs.

1 07 02 Storage and Protection

Store materials at building site strictly according to manufacturer’s instructions. Store
products in a dry and ventilated place.

1 07 03 Acceptance at Site
Note: Applies for employer provided products only, for which conditions of
acceptance at site should be specified here!

1 08 Project and Site Conditions

1 08 01 Existing Site Conditions
Note: Should include references to documents where information may be found
pertaining to such items as existing structures, public utility lines, geophysical
reports etc.!

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1 08 02 Environmental Requirements
Refer to Section 01060 Regulatory Requirements, 1 01 02 .

1 09 Schedules and Programs

Note: Specify requirements for coordinating certain works which must be done
in special sequence with, or at the time as work in other Sections. The particular
sequence of events should be specified here!

1 10 Special Warranty
Note: Describe special or extended warranty only (e.g. in landscaping when
warranty depends on growing, periods may be exceeding the normal warranty
period).

1 11 Maintenance
1 11 01 Maintenance Service

1 11 02 Operation Services

1 11 03 Extra Material
Note: Specify products to be supplied by the Contractor for future maintenance
and repair and state to whom, when and where the items are to be delivered!

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2 Part 2: Products
2 01 Basic Materials
All metals shall be free from defects, which could impair strength or durability of the
end product. Metals shall be uniform in colour, sound and free from surface flaws,
segregation, laminations and other defects that are detrimental to subsequent
processing.

2 01 01 Ferrous Metals

2 01 01 01 Steel

Note: Electrolytic zinc-coating thickness and hot-dip galvanized coating

designation should be indicated in the B.o.Q. - see Annex 7 01.
Steel products for 'Metal Fabrication' shall comply with the following Standards:
Steel plates, wide flats, bars, sections and profiles shall comply with ISO 630 or an
equivalent Standard.
Hot-rolled steel sheet shall comply with ISO 3573 or an equivalent Standard.
Cold-rolled steel sheet shall comply with ISO 3574 or an equivalent Standard.
Electrolytic zinc-coated steel sheet shall comply with ISO 5002 or an equivalent
Standard. Coating thickness shall be min. 5 micrometer or as indicated.
Hot-dip zinc-coated steel sheet shall comply with ISO 3575 or an equivalent Standard.
The min. coating mass for external use shall be 275 g/m2 unless otherwise indicated.
Cast steel shall comply with ISO 3755 or an equivalent Standard.

2 01 01 02 Stainless Steel

Note: Stainless steel is produced in various classes. The class required may differ
for the various products of a project. It should be clearly defined in the B.o.Q.;
see Table 1 of the respective ASTM Standard.
Stainless steel products for 'Metal Fabrication' shall comply with the following
Standards:
Stainless steel bars and shapes shall comply with ASTM A276 or an equivalent
Standard.
Stainless steel plate, sheet and strip shall comply with ASTM A167 or an equivalent
Standard.

2 01 01 03 Cast Iron

Note: Cast iron is an alloy of mainly iron, carbon and silicon. The carbon
contents are usually between 2.5 and 4 %. Iron castings for building construction
are mainly made of grey cast iron. Grey cast iron is available in 6 grades - see
Annex 7.
Cast iron for 'Metal Fabrication' shall comply with the following Standards:
Grey cast iron shall comply with ISO 185 or an equivalent Standard.
Malleable cast iron shall comply with ISO 5922 or an equivalent Standard.
Austenitic cast iron shall comply with ISO 2892 or an equivalent Standard.

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2 01 02 Aluminium
Aluminium for 'Metal Fabrication' shall comply with SASO 79 or ISO 209.

2 01 03 Brass
Note: Brass is basically an alloy of copper and zinc with different ratios of the
two metals, depending on the intended use. Specify as required!

2 01 04 Bronze
Note: Bronze is basically an alloy of copper and tin. It is mainly used for
sculptures. Specify if required for 'metal fabrication'.

2 02 Fabrication
2 02 01 General
Items specified in this Section shall, wherever possible, be shop-manufactured prior to
delivery on site.
Products shall be fabricated from materials, of type, size, thickness and shapes
indicated, but not less than needed to comply with Standards, Codes and performance
requirements indicated. Work to dimensions indicated or accepted on shop drawings.
Exposed work shall be true to line and level with accurate angles and surfaces and
straight, sharp edges.
Allowance shall be made for thermal movement, resulting from the change in ambient
temperatures, in design and fabrication of metal assemblies to prevent buckling,
opening up of joints and overstressing of welds and fasteners. Design calculations
shall be based on actual surface temperatures of metals due to solar heat gain and
nighttime heat loss.
Metals shall be sheared and punched accurately and burrs removed.
Exposed edges shall be eased to a radius of approximately 0.8 mm and bent-metal
corners formed to the smallest radius possible without causing grain separation or
otherwise impairing the work.
Corners and seams shall be continuously welded to comply with AWS
recommendations and the following:
- Materials and methods shall be used that minimize distortion and develop
strength and
corrosion resistance of base metals.
- Fusion shall be obtained without undercut or overlap
- Welding flux shall be removed immediately
- At exposed connections, finish exposed welds and surfaces shall be finished
smooth and
blended so that no roughness shows after finishing, and contour of welded
surface matches those adjacent.
Exposed connections shall be formed with hairline joints, flush and smooth, using
concealed fasteners wherever possible.
Exposed fasteners of type indicated shall be used or, if not indicated, Phillips flat-head
(countersunk) screws or bolts shall be used.
Joints shall be located where least conspicuous.
Anchorage shall be provided of type indicated and coordinated with supporting
structure. Anchoring devices shall be fabricated and spaced to provide adequate
support for the intended use. Screws, bolts, nuts and washers used for fixing, whether
exposed or not, shall have a non-corrosive coating.
Items shall be pre-assembled in the shop to the greatest extend possible to minimize
field splicing and assembly. Units shall be dismantled only as necessary for shipping

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and handling limitations. Connections shall maintain the structural value of joined
pieces. Units shall be clearly marked for re-assembly and coordinated installation.
Joints that will be exposed to the weather shall be fabricated in a manner to exclude
water, or weep holes provided where water may accumulate.

2 02 02 Ladders
01.0 Ladders shall be made with dimensions indicated in drawings and/or B.o.Q.
Fabrication shall comply with ANSI A14.3 or an equivalent Standard (see Annex
6, figure 1)
02.0 Side rails shall be of min. DN 40 mm tubes and spaced min. 45 cm, unless
otherwise indicated or required by design for dead and live loads.
03.0 Rungs shall be of min. DN 25 mm tubes at max. 30 cm o.c., unless otherwise
indicated.
04.0 Each ladder shall be supported at top and bottom and at intermediate points
spaced not more than 150 cm o.c. by means of welded or bolted steel brackets.
Centerline of rungs shall be min. 18 cm off the wall.
05.0 Side rails shall be extended 100 cm above the top rung and return rails to wall or
structure. If the adjacent structure does not extend above the top rung, the
extended rails shall be goose-necked back to the structure to provide secure
ladder access.

2 02 03 Nosings
Curb nosings shall be made from steel shapes as indicated with mitred corners and
continuously welded joints. Anchors shall be welded to nosings for embedding in
concrete construction, spaced max. 15 cm from each curb end, 15 cm from corners
and max 60 cm o.c. unless otherwise indicated.

2 02 04 Stairs
Stairs shall be fabricated to conform with design and/or approved shop drawings and
pieces joined together by welding or bolting unless otherwise indicated. Complete
assemblies shall be provided including platforms, railings and any components
necessary for support and anchorage.
01.0 Stringers and platform supports shall be made of steel channels, unless
otherwise indicated, of adequate size and material thickness to comply with dead
and live-load requirements.
02.0 Treads, risers and platforms shall be made of material or shapes to design
indicated.
02.1 Gratings for treads and platforms shall be of indicated type with non-slip nosings
and comply with BS 4592 – parts 1and 2 or an equivalent Standard.
02.2 Treads and platforms of closed or perforated planks, made of steel or aluminium
shall comply with BS 4592 - 3 or an equivalent Standard.
02.3 Metal pan treads and risers shall be shaped to conform to configuration shown
using steel sheet of material thickness indicated, but not less than needed to
meet dead and live loads.

2 02 05 Railings and Handrails

Railings and handrails shall be made according to design and/or approved shop
drawings. Fabrication shall comply with ASTM E985 or an equivalent Standard.
01.0 Railing and handrail members shall be joined by butt-welding or by internal
connectors.
02.0 At tee and cross intersections of round tubes, ends of intersecting members shall
be notched to fit contour of pipe to which end is joined and welded all around.

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03.0 Changes in direction of railing members shall be formed:

By insertion of prefabricated elbow fittings
By radius bends of radius indicated
By mitering at elbow bends
04.0 Simple and compound curves shall be formed by bending pipe in jigs to produce
uniform curvature for each repetitive configuration required..Cylindrical cross-
section of pipe shall be maintained throughout the entire bend without buckling,
twisting, cracking, or otherwise deforming exposed surfaces of pipe.
05.0 Wall returns shall be provided at ends of wall-mounted handrails, unless
otherwise indicated.
Exposed ends of pipe shall be closed by welding a steel plate in place or by use
of a prefabricated fitting.
06.0 Brackets, flanges, fittings, anchors and dowels shall be provided for
interconnections of tubes and attachment of railings, handrails and posts to
other work. Fix
07.0 Railings of material, type and shape indicated shall be fixed to posts and fillers
provided. Horizontal distances between bars, between bars and posts as well as
posts and any other filling elements shall be max. 12 cm.

2 02 06 Floor Gratings
01.0 Floor gratings of type, design and for live load indicated shall be provided ,
complying with BS 4592 –parts 1 and 2, or an equivalent Standard. Frames shall
be of steel angles, with all welded mitred corners and of height matching the
thickness of grating. Additional supports shall be installed as indicated or
required by the overall size of the grating. They may be of rectangular tubes, T-
or other shapes suitable for the work and complying with the structural
requirements. Frames set in concrete shall have welded-on anchors.
02.0 Floor gratings and frames shall be hot-dip galvanized.

2 02 07 Trench Covers
01.0 Trench covers of material, type, design and for live load indicated shall be
provided. They shall meet the requirements of BS 4592 or an equivalent
Standard.
02.0 Frames shall be made of angles, with all welded mitred corners and of height
matching the thickness of cover plates or grating. Frames set in concrete shall
have welded-on anchors.
03.0 Cover plates that will receive a finish of resilient flooring material shall be
recessed for the thickness of the material. Frames shall be set flush with the top
of the floor finish.
04.0 Cover plates for tiled finishes shall be of the pan type; the tiles shall be laid in
min. 3 cm mortar bedding. Wire mesh shall be welded to the pan approximately
1cm above bottom of pan. Pan height shall be such, that the top of the pan is
equal to finish floor level.
05.0 Two steel bar drop handles for lifting plates shall be provided, one at each end of
a removable section or as indicated.
06.0 Steel trench covers and frames shall be hot-dip galvanized unless otherwise
indicated.

2 02 08 Security Grilles
Security grills shall be made according to design and/or approved shop drawings. The
various members shall be all welded together to gain a rigid structure. The max.
distance between vertical members shall be 12 cm.

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2 02 09 Fencing

2 02 09 01 Chain-Link Fencing
Chain-link fencing shall consist of galvanized steel wire mesh fixed to galvanized steel
posts with continuous line wire. Hot-dip galvanizing of wire, posts and struts shall be
min. 270 g/m2 (G90).
The wire for the mesh shall meet the requirements of BS 4102 or an equivalent
Standard. The diameter of the wires and size of the mesh shall be in accordance with
Annex 6, Table 1.
Intermediate and straining posts shall be of steel angle or structural hollow sections,
complying with ISO 630 or an equivalent Standard. The size and length of the posts
shall be in accordance with Annex 6, Table 2.

2 02 09 02 Fencing of Steel Profiles

Note: Specify according to individual design!

2 02 09 03 Ornamental Fencing

Note: Specify according to individual design!

2 02 10 Castings
Note: Specify as required!

2 02 11 Finishes

2 02 11 01 Finishes on Steel Products

Note: Finish requirements should be stated in the B.o.Q. Requirements for hot-
dip galvanizing (ISO 1461) see Annex 7.
Finishes for iron, steel and stainless steel products shall be provided as indicated.
01.0 Hot-dip galvanized coatings on fabricated ferrous products shall meet the
requirements of ISO 1461 or an equivalent Standard.
02.0 Powder organic coatings on galvanized ferrous products shall meet the
requirements of BS 6497 or an equivalent Standard.
03.0 Painting shall be done as indicated and specified in Section 9900 'Painting'.
2 02 11 02 Finishes on Aluminium Products

Note: Anodizing classes according to ISO 7599 are: 5/10/15/20 and 25

micrometer. Specify the requirement for the respective use.
Provide finishes for aluminium products as indicated.
01.0 Anodizing of aluminium and its alloys shall meet the requirements of ISO 7599 or
an equivalent Standard.
02.0 Powder organic coatings on aluminium products shall meet the requirements of
BS 6496 or an equivalent Standard.

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3 Part 3: Execution
3 01 General Examination
Structure where work of this Section will be installed shall be examined and.
conditions detrimental to the proper and timely completion of the work shall be
corrected before installation. Materials to be used for the work shall comply with
requirements in specifications and schedules.

3 02 General Preparation

3 03 Installation
3 03 01 General
01.0 Anchorage devices and fasteners where necessary for securing metal
fabrications shall be provided and complete with setting drawings, templates and
instructions for embedding anchors in concrete and masonry .
02.0 Metal fabrications shall be set accurately in location, alignment and elevation with
edges and surface level, plumb and true. Measurements shall be taken from
established lines and levels.
03.0 Exposed connections shall be fitted accurately together to form hairline joints and
connections that are not to be left as exposed joints, yet could not be shop
welded because of shipping size limitations shall be welded.
Do not weld, cut or abrade items which have been hot-dip galvanized after
fabrication; only bolting or riveting is acceptable in this case.
04.0 Field welding shall comply with recommendations of AWS Code.
Ref.: Part 2, Fabrication, General
05.0 Concealed surfaces of aluminium that may contact grout, concrete, masonry,
preservative treated wood or other metals shall be coated with bituminous paint
or zinc chromate primer. These shall also be applied where dissimilar metals are
in contact with each other.

3 03 02 Metal Stairs
Metal stairs shall be shop-fabricated to the greatest possible extent according to
approved shop drawings.
Anchoring system for stairs and platforms shall be approved by the Engineer before
installation.
If metal pan treads shall be filled with concrete this may be done before or after
assembly and erection ensuring that any finishes already applied to metal pans are
not affected by the concrete fill. Unless otherwise indicated, concrete shall have a slip
resistant finish and hard wearing surface.

3 03 03 Metal Ladders
Metal ladders shall be fixed by using a doweling and bolting system which has been
approved for its load bearing capacity. The load bearing capacity shall be greater than
the actual dead and maximum allowable live load.

3 03 04 Handrails and Railings

Railings shall be adjusted prior to anchoring to ensure matching alignment at abutting
joints. Posts shall be plumbed in each direction and secured to building construction
as shown in shop drawings.
Anchoring with dowels and bolts: Manufacturer's requirements for distances o.c. and
from edges of the actual construction shall be followed
Anchoring by core drilling: Holes shall be min. 12 cm deep and min. 2 cm greater than

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the outside diameter of the post which shall be set plumb and annular space filled with
non-shrink cement-based grout as approved by the Engineer.
The anchoring system shall meet the strength requirements of ASTM E985 or an
equivalent Standard.

3 03 05 Floor Gratings
Floor gratings shall comply with the recommendations of BS 4592. The framing and
supporting system shall be properly aligned and leveled before setting the anchors in
concrete or bolting it to any substructure. Gratings shall be laid in-line or staggered if
not otherwise indicated and bolted to each other as recommended in BS 4592

3 03 06 Trench Covers
The framing system shall be properly aligned with walls or/and flooring and leveled, so
that frames will be flush with final floor finish. If anchors are embedded in concrete, the
provisional fixing shall hold framing firm in place during concreting.

3 03 07 Security Grilles
Note: See grille fixing details Annex 6, figures 2 and 3. If any of these details
meets the requirements of the project, mention it in the spec's, otherwise delete
figures 2 and 3 from the project document!
It shall not be possible to remove security grilles with standard tools or equipment.

3 03 08 Fencing
01.0 Chain-Link fence shall be erected true to line, with the top of the fence following
the base line. Posts shall be set in concrete, plumb and true with intermediate
posts at maximum distances of 4 m and straining posts at all ends, corners and
changes of direction and at intervals not exceeding 70 m in straight lengths of
fencing.
02.0 Struts shall be fixed to all straining posts and shall be set in the direction of the
line of fencing secured to them. The struts shall be bolted to the straining post
with 10 mm diameter bolts at a point within the top third of the length above
ground. The struts shall generally be fixed at an angle of 45 deg. to the ground.
Struts over 2 m of length shall have a horizontal brace bolted to the straining post
and its strut near the middle line wire. The size of struts and braces shall be the
same size as the intermediate posts.
03.0 The top line wire shall be secured 3 cm below the top of the post; the bottom wire
shall be reasonably close to ground level, and the intermediate wire secured
midway between the top and bottom wire. The wires shall be interwoven through
the mesh and intermediate post holes and strained at each strain post with
galvanized steel eye bolts.
04.0 Gates shall be of similar appearance as the fencing.
04.1 Gate framing shall be made of tubular steel members of the same size as
straining posts. Members shall be welded with mitred corners. There shall be no
rough, sharp edges and all welds shall be ground smooth.
04.2 Gates shall be hung such that the top of the gate is level with the top of the
fence, with sufficient clearance at the bottom to allow gates to open freely.
Double gates shall have a max. clearance between meeting stiles of 15 mm.
04.3 Hinges shall preferably be bolted to posts and gate stiles; if welded, this shall be
performed before galvanizing of the respective members.
04.4 Locking devices shall be provided as indicated. Double gates shall have a drop
bolt fixed to one of the gates, with a stop set embedded in concrete.
05.0 All fixing accessories shall have a galvanized finish. Any drilling or welding shall
be done before galvanizing.

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3 03 09 Fencing of Steel Profiles

Note: Specify according to individual design!

3 03 10 Ornamental Fencing
Note: Specify according to individual design!

3 04 Field Quality Control

3 05 Adjusting and Cleaning

Metal work shall be cleaned and debris removed from site upon completion.

3 06 Demonstration
Note: State requirements to demonstrate the operation and maintenance of
equipment to the Employer’s personnel, including training if required.

3 07 Protection
Completed work shall be protected from damage and weather as appropriate until
provisional handing over.

3 08 Schedules
Note: Include schedules (e.g. door schedule) to indicate what to put where, and
provide other coordinating data, if necessary !

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4 Part 4: Method of Measurement

4 01 General
The quantities to be paid for shall be measured in place or determined from drawings.

4 02 Units of Measurement
Built-in units, prefabricated or assembled on site shall be enumerated.
Nosings shall be measured according to type by length (m).
Trench covers shall be measured according to type and width by length (m).
Grating shall be measured according to type by m2.
Handrails and railings shall be measured according to type by length (m).

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5 Part 5: Basis of Payment

5 01 General
Payment shall be made for complete work including furnishing all material, equipment,
tools, scaffolding, storage facilities, water, power, for all labour, samples, coordinating
work with other trades, checking, examination, testing, quality assurance, cleaning
and protecting.

5 02 Ancillary Works to be included in the Unit Price Rates

The following ancillary works shall be included in the unit price rates and will not be
measured separately.
Taking measurements for installation from established lines and levels.
Providing and installing supports and fixings for installation on site.

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6 Annex: Tables and Figures

6 01 Tables
Table 1

Height Length of side Diameter Number Diameter

of fence of mesh of wire mesh of line wires of line wire
m mm mm No. mm
1.00 50 2.0 – 2.5 2 3.0
1.50 50 3.0 3 3.5
2.00 50 3.0 – 3.5 3 4.0

Table 2

Height No. of holes Length Steel angle Structural

of fence for line wire of post section holow section
m No. m mm mm (*)
Intermediate Posts
1.0 2 1.50 40 x 40 x 5 40 x 40 x 3
1.5 3 2.00 45 x 45 x 5 40 x 40 x 3
2.0 3 3.00 50 x 50 x 6 40 x 40 x 3
Straining Posts
1.0 2 1.50 50 x 50 x 6 50 x 50 x 3
1.5 3 2.00 60 x 60 x 6 50 x 50 x 3
2.0 3 3.00 60 x 60 x 6 50 x 50 x 3
* Round tubes may be used of sizes that have the same strength as the indicated
square tubes.

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6 02 Figures

Fig. 1: System sketch for steel ladders with goose-neck top

(all dimensions in mm)

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Fig. 2: Security Grill Detail: Stone Wall Cladding

Fig.3: Security Grill Detail: Plastered Wall

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7 Annex: Specifier Information

7 01 Zinc-Coating
Electrolytic zinc-coating for steel sheets is applied in thickness from 1 to 15
micrometer (ISO 5002). This type of corrosion protection is not intended for outdoor
use without additional treatment.
Continuous hot-dip galvanized coating for steel sheet (ISO 3575) is measured in g/m2.
Coating designations are as follows: 100/180/275/350/450/600/700. Designation 100
means 100 g/m2 coating mass.
100 = G33 (American standard designation)
180 = G60 "
275 = G90 "
Requirements for hot-dip galvanized coating for fabricated ferrous products acc. to
ISO 1461 are:
Coating mass: min. 450 g/m2 for steel > 5 mm
" min. 300 g/m2 for steel < 1 mm
" for steel > 1 < 5 mm: no requirement in Standard, needs to be
fixed individually.

7 02 Grey Cast Iron

ISO 185 - Table 1 - Tensile properties of test pieces machined from separately cast
test samples
Grade Tensile strength of test pieces machined
from separately cast test samples
N/mm2 *)
100 100
150 150
200 200
250 250
300 300
350 350
*) 1N/mm2 = 1MPa

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