TRANSFORMATION STRATEGIES FOR DESIGN FIRMS’ TOWARDS

IMPLEMENTING
BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING

PRESENTED BY

1
IDOWU FARUQ AYOBAMI,
1, 3, 5
Department of Quantity Surveying,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State
idowufaruq@gmail.com

2
SALAWU ABDULFATAI O,
Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Jigawa State
fatsalbode@gmail.com

3
MUHAMMAD ABDULLAHI,
bnabdallah02@gmail.com

4
SHEHU MUHAMMAD MANSOOR
Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic, Zaria, Kaduna State
shehu.muhammadmansoor@gmail.com

&
5
KULOMRI JIPATO ADOGBO
kjadogbo@yahoo.com

THEME: POSITIONING THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA

FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH

BEING A PAPER PRESENTED AT NATIONAL BUILT ENVIRONMENTAL

CONFERENCE (NABECON) 2017 UNDER THE AUSPICES OF NIOB AND CORBON
HELD AT
PG SCHOOL AUDITORIUM, ABU SAMARU- ZARIA
WED. 8 – FRI. 10 NOV., 2017
Abstract
Building Information Modelling (BIM) has become the new international benchmark for
efficiency in design, construction and maintenance of buildings. It is the platform that brings
about collaboration between project stakeholders and improvement of project outcomes.
However, construction companies often find it challenging to reorganize the design firms’
structure to take full advantage of these benefits of BIM adoption and implementation. This
study explores design firms’ transformation strategies that will enable them to successfully
adopt and implement BIM for major construction projects. In-depth case studies from large
consultants capture the benefits of BIM implementation, the appropriate organizational
structure, the training and education program, the cost related to BIM implementation,
including software and hardware investment, the relationship with other stakeholders, and the
future recommendations to implement BIM for their construction projects. This study
provides an overall framework and organizational transformation strategies for design firms
trying to adopt BIM to maximize the potential benefits achieved in their projects and
organizations.

Keywords: Building Information Modelling (BIM); Case study, and Design firms’
transformation;
INTRODUCTION
The architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) Industry has been criticised of been
fragmented in nature which cause unanticipated field costs, delays, and eventual lawsuits
between the various parties in a project team. To address this issue proactively, many
construction practitioners and academicians have been advocating the use of building
information modelling (BIM) as an essential information technology (IT) tool to support
improved construction efficiency and project success (Azhar 2011; Barlish and Sullivan
2012; Becerik-Gerber and Kensek 2010; Eastman et al. 2008; Gu and London 2010; Jung and
Joo 2011; Ku et al. 2008). In addition, IT including BIM can also reduce mistakes in
documentation, construction errors, administrative needs and costs of doing business, and
improve the speed and quality of work (Rivard 2000).

Advances in information and communication technology (ICT) have been put forward as a
tool to deal with these coordination issues in order to improve the industries historically low
productivity (Johnson and Laepple, 2003). The central issue, however, is how to frame the
implementation process to interlink the technological solution and the contextual factors that
shape the deployment of the technology. Even so, how can the process of implementation be
framed and are there some contextual characteristics that make the process even more
challenging? The traditional concepts that yield to complex information technology (IT)
systems’ failure are based on a set of assumptions that the work context is stable and that
most work is routinized; therefore, it is possible to introduce technology embedded with
inscribed functions to assist with the work routine (Creanor and Walker 2011).
Incorporation of BIM by building design firms can reduce construction project cost, increase
productivity and quality, and reduce project delivery times since BIM contains the precise
geometry and relevant data needed to support all the design, procurement, fabrication and
construction activities required to realize the actual project (Azhar 2011; Azhar et al. 2008;
Eastman et al. 2008).
The design firms are usually the first set of stakeholders in BIM adoption and so, they should
be investigated in the first place to know whether Nigerian construction industry can have a
meaningful match towards BIM adoption in its operations. To adopt and implement BIM
effectively, building design firms must put into consideration the organizational structure
needed to support BIM, the number of building design firms who have prior experience with
BIM projects, the need for continuous investment in BIM, the provision of BIM training
programs, and the number of BIM software experts in the company, among other
consideration.

However, building design firms’ often find it challenging to reorganize their company’s
organizational structure to take full advantage of these benefits of BIM adoption and
implementation. This research aimed at assessing the building design firms’ transformation
strategies for adopting and implementing BIM in Nigerian construction industry, and the objectives
includes; to identify BIM strategic implementation processes suitable for building design firms in
Nigerian construction industry, to assess the BIM strategic implementation processes suitable for
building design firms in Nigerian construction industry, and to also develop an appropriate
transformation strategies for BIM adoption.

Literature review
Building Information Modelling (BIM) signifies the process of development and use of a
computer generated model to simulate the planning, design, construction and operation of a
facility. Wong et al. (2009) said that BIM has the attributes of both an approach and a
process/action. It is an approach as it provides an alternative to the traditional paper based
approach of project design and management. It is also a process/action as it creates a product
called Building Information Model, whose performance can be measured. ). In addition, BIM
now is also being increasingly used as an emerging technology to assist in conceiving,
designing, construction and operating the buildings in many countries (Wong et al., 2009).
Yong et al. (2015) conducted a research and categorised BIM implementation areas
throughout the project lifecycle from planning to demolition as shown in Table 1.
Table 1. BIM Implementation throughout a Project Life Cycle

Project Project life Areas for BIM

Areas for BIM application
life cycle cycle application
Visualization Visualization
Cost estimating Cost estimating
Phase planning
Planning Phase planning (scheduling)
(scheduling)
Site analysis Site analysis
Programming Spatial coordination

Existing condition modelling Construction Communication

Code review Site logistics

Visualization Prefabrication
Cost estimating Materials procurement

Phase planning (scheduling) Building permit process

Site analysis Resource analysis

Space
Design Communication
management/tracking
Marketing Asset management

Design review Operation Building system analysis

Constructability study Maintenance scheduling

Energy simulation Facility management

Demolition waste
Design optimization analysis
management
Demolition planning and
Demolition
scheduling
Recycling

The research conducted by Hussin and Omran, (2009) categorised the construction
stakeholders’ to include; the Project Manager, Architect, and Quantity Surveyor. They are the
most responsible person in a project especially when technical works are concerned.
Project Manager
A project manager is a professional in the field of project management. Project managers
have the responsibility of the planning, procurement and execution of a project, in any
domain of engineering. Project management is the responsibility of a project manager. This
individual seldom participates directly in the activities that produce the end result, but rather
strives to maintain the progress, mutual interaction and tasks of various parties in such a way
that reduces the risk of overall failure, maximizes benefits, and minimizes costs.
Architect
In general, architect is a person who is involved in the planning, designing and oversight of a
building’s construction. In the broadcast sense, an architect is a person who translates the
user’s needs into the builder’s requirements. The knowledge about the building and
operational codes is necessary so that he or she is not apt to omit any necessary requirements,
or produce improper, conflicting, ambiguous, or confusing requirements. Furthermore,
architect must understand the various methods available to the builder for building the
client’s structure, so that he or she can negotiate with the client to produce a best possible
compromise of the results desired within explicit cost and time boundaries.
Quantity Surveyor
Quantity Surveyor is the person who manages and control costs within construction projects
and may involve the use of management procedures and technical tools to achieve this goal.
The method employed cover a range of activities such as: cost planning, value engineering,
feasibility studies, cost benefits analysis, lifecycle costing, valuation and cost estimation.
A quantity surveyor can also be known as construction economists, cost engineers or
construction managers. Quantity Surveyors control costs and prices of work, labour, materials
and plant required, an understanding of the implications of design decision at an early stage
to ensure that good value is obtained for the money to be expended.

RESEARCH METHODS
Introduction
This subdivision present in details the design and methodology adopted to execute this
research. According to Fellows & Liu (2007), research methodology refers to the principles
and procedures of logical thought process which are applied to a scientific investigation.
Adam et al. (2007) further added that the research methodology consists of philosophy and
science that support the investigation.
Research Method
Information was gathered for three case studies that exemplify effective organizational
practice and transformation associated with BIM to enable new adopters in the construction
industry to maximize the benefits of BIM and minimize the problems due to the current
issues and challenges associated with BIM adoption and implementation . Therefore, the
selection of the organisations were made based on the use of 3D parametric tools
applications, to avoid the marketing claim issues in addition to limit the research scope. To
identify the company which at least, has started implementing BIM, a few techniques were
engaged:
a. The local jobs advertisement on the webpage or newspaper that offer a BIM related
post such as BIM manager, Revit Designer, etc.
b. Direct communication with BIM tools providers such as Revit to request a list of their
clients in Nigeria.
c. Attending a local BIM seminar and directly approaching the speaker and participants.
Method of Data Analysis
Responses to each question from the interviews will be grouped together to make
comparisons between respondents easier. Themes, issues and concerns were then identified
and subjected to content analysis. Similarly, there was a constant focus on the research
question with room for refinement of the study’s fundamental research question in light of
data obtained.
Only data potentially meaningful to the research was analysed. Information acquired were
appropriately coded for conceptual content analysis.
Wilkinson and Birmingham (2003) defined content analysis as a tool which applies
significance or meaning to information collected and helps to identify patterns in the text. The
basic principles of content analysis entail coding the data into categories which are tested for
reliability and validity.
However, In order to achieve the aim and objectives of this research, the target populations
were construction stakeholders who have at least a fair experience in Building information
modelling (BIM) and uses the software’s.
Reporting Findings
Findings were reported based on the results of the conceptual/thematic analysis by examining
information obtained in the light of research questions, purpose of the research and responses
to questions under investigation.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Introduction
This part discusses the interview findings for the achievement of the research objectives, to
identify BIM strategic implementation processes suitable for building design firms in
Nigerian construction industry, assess the BIM strategic implementation processes suitable
for building design firms in Nigerian construction industry, to develop a transformation
strategies for BIM adoption.
Based on the interviews that have been conducted, there were only 4 companies currently
using BIM or starting the implementation process. One of the companies however gave a low
level of willingness to share information, thus reducing the number of companies to three, the
key to success for the case study lay in careful selection of respondents. It had been learned
during the pilot case that the quality of the respondents is more critical than quantity in
obtaining good detailed information from relevant personnel. The selected respondents
should have possessed imperative knowledge and understanding on the company policies and
processes. The interview findings draw from a number of face to face interviews,
observations, and a compilation of physical documentations concerning BIM with key
management and technical BIM personnel in the company. In each of the companies, the first
part discusses the background and then the current level of BIM implementation to
understand the context of BIM implementation. The later part focuses on the benefits of BIM
implementation, how to we create a structure for the stakeholders’ on how to support BIM
implementation, which underpinned the company in implementing BIM.
This chapter further discusses the data that was found in all the three Companies, the
interviewees focus on the main elements of the stakeholders’ structure. It started by providing
the background of the companies which is then followed by the current status of BIM
implementation, the chronology of BIM implementation, the benefits of BIM and the challenges of
BIM implementation. After that, the stakeholders’ structures that were identified within the
company are discussed accordingly.
Companies Working Interviewee Headquarters Market
Experience

Company A 11 years Project Manager FLat 3, Block90, Karu Commercial

Site, Opposite Karu consultant
6 years Architect Shopping Complex,
Karu, Abuja, FCT.
8 years
Quantity
Surveyor

Company B 5years Project Manager Garki, Abuja Commercial

construction
8years Architect

6years
Quantity
Surveyor
Company C 4 years Project Manager Habibat associates at Commercial
Usuma street, construction
 3 years maitama. Abuja
Architect
6 years
Quantity
Surveyor
Source: Structured interviews (2017)

BIM IMPLEMENTATION AREAS

The study began by examining the areas of BIM implementation that improved the efficiency
of the construction process and brought value to the project in other ways. By analyzing the
data collected from the four BIM experts, the study identified the areas they considered the
most important BIM-related tasks in each construction company.

COMPANY A;
Project Manager; The results indicate that construction companies actively use BIM as an
important tool for spatial coordination, visualization, communication, field management,
marketing, and prefabrication.
Architect; The results indicate that stakeholders actively use BIM as an important tool for
Estate Development, In Building Construction Projects For our Various Clients, And In the
preparation of Work Schedules and Time-line.
Quantity Surveyor; The results indicate that construction companies actively use BIM as an
important tool for simulating operations, model-based estimating, and/or energy simulations

COMPANY B
Project Manager; Design optimization analysis, Construction Visualization, Cost estimating,
Phase planning (scheduling),Site analysis, Spatial coordination, Communication, Site
logistics, and Prefabrication.
Architect; The stakeholder make use of BIM in 3D visualization and 2D working drawing.
Quantity Surveyor; In Building and Civil Engineering works, Materials procurement,
Building permits process and Resource analysis

COMPANY C
Project Manager; In Constructability study, Energy simulation, Design optimization
analysis, Site analysis, Programming, Existing condition modelling and Code review.
Architect; BIM has been adopted in several ways of area in Design and construction
basically, In Space management/tracking, Asset management, and Building system analysis
Quantity Surveyor; Visualization, Cost estimating, In Site analysis, Communication,
Marketing, Design review and Phase planning (scheduling)

BENEFITS OF BIM IMPLEMENTATION

All the three stakeholders’ reported difference benefits of BIM implementation but all agreed
that BIM implementation adds value to a construction project by saving time, reducing costs,
and improving quality. Building information modelling was also considered to support a
more collaborative environment among all stakeholders, promoting project success by
reducing many of the common problems typically bedevilling construction projects such as
poor cooperation, lack of trust, and ineffective communication, all of which result in
adversarial relationships developing between construction stakeholders.

COMPANY A
Project Manager; Shared his view that BIM implementation improves construction
efficiency and quality; increases the use of prefabrication; decreases uncertainty; and allows
them to develop more complete project documents.
Architect; it was reported that BIM implementation helps in the accurate estimating of
projects. It gives the construction team a clear-cut knowledge and understanding of the work
to be done, it is almost impossible to forget or overlook any aspect of the project, Costly and
deadly mistakes are easily avoided, It creates a homogeneous structure where all aspect of the
design and construction team can easily work together, Finally, to the best of my knowledge,
preparing and faithfully executing a BIM system makes the construction process flawlessly
simple.

Quantity Surveyor; Lower labour costs save time and cost save time and cost Lower labour
costs, Reduce reworking Lower labour costs Lower labour costs reduce reworking, Improve
efficiency and quality Reduce reworking Reduce reworking Improve efficiency and quality,
Increase prefabrication and improve quality, Improve efficiency and quality Improve
efficiency and quality Increase prefabrication, and develop more complete project

COMPANY B

Project Manager; The benefits of BIM enable the stakeholders in Improved decision-
making process (better visualization and “what if “scenarios) and for better design/multi
design alternatives.

Architect; Gives a stakeholders a better presentation of the finish work to the client, it helps
the client knows the real picture of the end product, hereby avoiding alterations and the end,
and helps the Quantity Surveyor in preparing a better Bills of Quantities. As the pictorial and
video of the functionality of the project is known.

Quantity Surveyor; Easy issue management, fast cost management, scheduling, and
tendering process, cost planning, claims and dispute.

COMPANY C
Project Manager; BIM is a good Predictive analysis of performance (finite-element, energy
analysis, code analysis) and Improve collaboration in design and construction, and has
contributed greatly to good client and professional relationships. And Improved safety.

Architect; BIM has made way for so many benefits but just to mention a few; due to the fast
pace at which technology is advancing in the world today, unlike the days when most things
that had to do with the construction industry were done manually, BIM has made life easier
and less complicated, BIM has made design and construction faster. Nowadays you see
projects that years to complete now take lesser time to complete from design to construction,
also BIM has contributed greatly to good client – professional relationships.

Quantity Surveyor: BIM Reduced project time and costs, Improved quality (support
computer controlled fabrication), and also gives the client a well knows the real picture of the
end project.

STAKEHOLDERS’ STRUCTURE TO SUPPORT BIM IMPLEMENTATION

Building information modelling experts (stakeholders’) were asked how their construction
companies had modified their organizational structure to support BIM implementation and
business development.

COMPANY A
Company A indicated that their company now has a BIM department/division specifically to
support BIM implementation in project and business development. The BIM department is
also responsible for educating BIM experts, employees, and subcontractors and for
conducting research into how best to utilize BIM to maximize its value to the project and
company. In addition, the BIM department is charged with ensuring that the company is kept
up to date regarding new features of BIM software, areas of BIM implementation, and BIM
system integration with other building systems such as building automation systems and
energy modelling.

COMPANY B

Company B shared their view that, in my few years of practice as a building construction, it
has become very clear to me that only the Government can create the needed structure for
BIM implementation in Nigeria. Most Indigenous Construction and Design firms’ do not
have any BIM plan when executing their projects, and those that do have them, do not use
them at all. Most construction projects in Nigeria, especially the one’s done by indigenous
companies, did not use BIM. As a result, we have most structures designated as “As-Built”
structures. This means that there was a deviation from the original plan and designs which is
all too common in the country. Let it suffice to say that, all the professional bodies in the
construction strata, must all work together to pressure the government into creating a
structure where BIM system becomes a compulsory aspect of the design and construction
process.

COMPANY C

COMPANY C indicated that their company now has good BIM background support
implementation in project and business development.

These company have a manager in charge of their BIM department who is supported by a
number of BIM directors, and coordinators with knowledge and skills related to BIM and
virtual design and construction. The members of the BIM department generally consist of
company Stakeholders’ (Project Manager, Architect, and Quantity Surveyor) and employees
who have backgrounds in construction management, architectural engineering (mechanical
engineering), and architecture, although the BIM experts in Company have a background in
computer graphics and general science.

The diverse backgrounds of the BIM experts in each department of each company appear to
combine synergistically to enhance efforts to implement BIM in projects and business
development.
This company provides a more centralized BIM service for its construction projects and
business development. One of the major roles in all the BIM departments is to look for
opportunities to improve BIM implementation by expanding into other areas such as the use
of BIM for estimating and energy simulation and all the BIM departments develop
appropriate education or training modules to educate their BIM experts, project managers,
superintendents, project engineers, and subcontractors.
BIM SOFTWARES AND PROGRAMM TO SUPPORT BIM IMPLEMENTATION

COMPANY A

The choice of BIM software and programs can also be critical for BIM implementation since
there are many different types of software and programs that facilitate BIM implementation.
This is also one of the biggest cost items in BIM implementation.

Project Manager; The BIM software are Orion, AutoCAD, ArchiCAD and Naviswork

Architect; The BIM software includes; Autodesk Revit, ArchiCAD, BricsCAD, and BIMx

Quantity Surveyor; The BIM software includes; Autodesk Revit, AQTO, and CATO.

COMPANY B

Project Manager; Revit, Naviswork, Google sketch up, and 3Ds Max

Architect; the BIM software are Revit, Navisworks, and Google SketchUp

Quantity Surveyor; Autodesk Revit, Navisworks, BIM 360 Package, Telka structure,
Autodesk Robot, QS BIM.

COMPANY C

Project Manager; Revit, Naviswork, Google sketch up

Architect; the BIM software are Revit auto desk, AutoCAD, Archicad, Google Sketch up and
Naviswork.

Quantity Surveyor; Autodesk, 3D maximum, Orion, and Revit

ROLES OF BIM EXPERTS IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING

The construction companies that use Building information modelling departments are also
responsible for educating and training both the stakeholders’ and company employees to
understand the value of BIM implementation in a project and equip them with the skills
needed to utilize BIM for their daily project management and practices. To facilitate BIM
education and training, three construction companies were interviewed, with different
responses.
One of the three construction companies (Company B) explained that the company is yet to
organize any Education and Training for the stakeholders’
The other two construction companies (Company A and C) have similar BIM
education/training modules that include one or two classes that cover overall BIM
implementation in the construction industry by followed by a specialized courses for each
implementation;

COMPANY A
Project Manager; our company does training by expert class trainer on BIM
implementation.

Architect; BIM designs (3D, 4D)

Quantity Surveyor; CAAD training

COMPANY B

Project Manager; BIM for simulation, BIM for Structural analysis

Architect; BIM designs (3D, 4D)

Quantity Surveyor; BIM for scheduling, BIM for estimating

Company C

Project Manager; BIM for simulation, BIM for Structural analysis and Lighting analysis
and Mechanical and Electrical analysis

Architect; BIM for designs (3D, 4D, 5D)

Quantity Surveyor; BIM for scheduling, BIM for estimating and pricing, BIM for
management

STAKEHOLDERS’ FUTURE DIRECTION TOWARDS BIM IMPLEMENTATION

The participants were then asked how the stakeholders’ prepare for future BIM
implementations in their construction projects.
All three companies are all also endeavouring to develop a collaborative team environment
among the major stakeholders, (Project Manager, Architect and Quantity Surveying) in order
to maximize the benefits of BIM and minimize potential challenges. They are looking at ways
to integrate BIM into design, including design authoring, design reviews, energy analysis,
code validation, sustainability evaluation, facilitate estimating, facility management, and
other areas that have not previously been implemented or widely accepted by a construction
company.
All the three companies (COMPANY A, B and C) have similar view on the future direction
towards BIM implementation and indicated that the integration of facility management and
BIM is one of the focal areas to improve in the future and also that the stakeholders’ are
working with Autodesk to develop a better way to successfully integrate as-built BIM models
with facility operation.

STAKEHOLDERS’ HIRES A BIM EXPERT OR EXPERTS TO DETERMINE HOW

THE COMPANY CAN USE BIM
COMPANY A and C

The responds from these companies that Perhaps such company hires a BIM expert or experts
to determine how the company can use BIM in their construction project for a business
development. It is a difficult question to answer in a country like Nigeria. We can only hope
that those in power or at the helm of affairs will, one day, rise to the occasion.
COMPANY B

BIM is already doing wonders, nowadays BIM is used in the fabrication of anything that can
be designed. BIM software can helps analyse works of all professionals and outline faults for
correction, Navisworks is one softwares that does that.

STAKEHOLDERS’ BIM SKILLS WOULD BE EXPECTED IN NEW ERA

(STAKEHOLDERS’ PATTERN FOR DEVELOPING AND EXPANDING BIM
IMPLEMENTATION).
The final question examined how the three construction companies have developed their
current BIM program and structure and implement different approaches in their companies
among the stakeholders. All three followed very similar patterns when developing and
expanding their BIM departments and implementations.

COMPANY A and COMPANY C

The process begins with;
The company hiring a BIM expert or experts to determine how the company can use BIM in
their construction projects and business development.
The company then invests in BIM software and other necessary hardware, including a high-
performance computer.

The next step is;

To develop a detailed implementation plan and collaboration strategies for stakeholders’
(Project Manager, Architect and Quantity Surveyor) through modifying and revising the
current implementation plan, contract document, and coordination plan. This step will
empowers each construction company to actually implement BIM for a construction project
involving other stakeholders.

The following stage is;

To collaborate with the design team, and Clients/ End -users to improve their collaboration
and identify new business opportunities; maximize the benefits of BIM implementation
Work with BIM software developers to develop customized BIM programs and applications

The final stage of the BIM adoption process is;

To educate End–users to enable them to gain the maximum benefits from BIM
implementation that can improve the overall efficiency in construction process.

COMPANY B

To my take on the introduction and adoption of BIM in building design firms is very sore and
necessary. Firms should ensure that certified professionals within their firms should at least
be acquainted with two BIM softwares relating to their fields. Also professionals should
search for forums and join these forums. There is a popular saying that goes like this “You
will meet people that know better than you in these forums and they are always ready to
assist. Nigeria will keep advancing by taking advantage of this in the construction industry.

Conclusion and Recommendations

Building information modelling is rapidly emerging as an innovative virtual environment for
designing and managing construction projects that will maximize the potential benefits,
including saving both construction costs and time while improving the efficiency of
construction processes and the overall quality of the project. Due to the many tangible and
intangible benefits to be gained from implementing BIM, few leaders of construction
companies have begun to adopt and implement BIM in a number of different areas.
However, the study also found that the construction industry needs to
develop a better understanding of how BIM can effectively integrate
functions such as energy simulation, estimating, facility management, and
operation simulation to fully achieve the potential benefits and
opportunities to be gained from BIM implementation.
BIM is an enabler that helps the building industry and stakeholders to improve its
productivity by ensuring effective communication and collaboration between all project
stakeholders from inception to completion of building projects. The construction company
also begins to develop the communication methods and channels between BIM managers and
the project operation team, including a project manager and superintendent. It is important for
the BIM manager to educate project managers, the preconstruction team, superintendent, and
field engineers about BIM capacities, software, and processes at this stage. Once a
construction company implements BIM in its daily business, the BIM department or manager
needs to develop and implement various BIM education models for their employees.
However, based on the findings of this research, they following recommendations are hereby
made based on several strategies on how the stakeholders can prepare for a future BIM
implementation; The stakeholders’ should hire BIM experts to handle BIM modeling as well
as construction project management to expedite their BIM implementation, United BIM
model could be integrated with cloud computing to provide every stakeholder with easy
access to the BIM model and should eventually replace short-life, high-end workstations and
fixed annual software costs, and Lastly, the organization should also develop a BIM
implementation plan that guides them through the process of organizing a BIM collaboration
team that includes both subcontractors and the design team; setting up project goals and
objectives with BIM implementation; defining a collaborative coordination process; and
developing a BIM modelling plan and file format for BIM, as well as appropriate contract
document deliverable requirements.
The study contributes to the current body of knowledge by providing organisational
transformation strategies for Design firms to adopt and implement BIM, which can help them
to achieve the many tangible and intangible benefits of BIM implementation. This study has
demonstrated how BIM can be successfully transferred into construction organizations
through reviewing three construction companies that have actively implemented BIM in their
organizations and construction projects. The results of this study will be of particular interest
to those stakeholders in the construction industries currently considering adopting this new
approach. The study is expected to help stakeholders’ in the construction industries to
successfully adopt and implement BIM in their processes and thus eventually reduce
construction costs and improve the efficiency of their construction processes.
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