TERRADO, Genevieve O.

Date Submitted: 04/11/19

BSN 1-1

Individual Laboratory Report # 5 MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY

Fecalysis

Procedure
1) Describe the color and consistency of your sample.
2) Drop 1-2 drops of NSS on a clean slide.
3) Using an applicator stick, get a small amount of stool then immerse in NSS.
4) Cover the slide using coverslip.
5) Using HPO, visualize your smear (10 visual fields).
6) Report/draw what you have seen.

Post Laboratory Questions:

1) Illustrate Bristol Chart of stool and identify different types of stool
2) The normal color of stool is brown, what pigment is responsible in the brownish color of the
stool and how this pigment imparted to the stool?
3) What is Diarrhea? And what are the different types of diarrhea?
 BRISTOL CHART OF STOOL

Type1: Separate hard lumps, like nuts (hard to pass)

Type2: Sausage-like type of stool but lumpy

Type3: Sausage-like type of stool but has cracks on the surface part

Type4: Sausage/snake-like, surface are smooth

Type5: Soft blobs with clear-cut edges (easy to pass)

Type6: Mushy and fluffy pieces with ragged edges

Type7: Entirely liquid stool, has no solid pieces found, watery

 STERCOBILIN:
It is the one who is responsible for the brown color of human feces/stool, it is made of broken-
down haemoglobin. Stercobilin is a chemical created by bacteria in gut. Stercobilinogen is absorbed and
excreted by either the liver or kidney. Stercobilinogen is oxidized to stercobilin, which is responsible for
the pigmentation of feces.

 DIARRHEA
Is an increase in the frequency bowel movements, in increase in looseness of stool or both.
Types of Diarrhea:
Osmotic diarrhea — This involves the retention of water in the bowel, which is resulting from
the accumulation of non-absorbable substances.
Secretory diarrhea — The body releases water into the small intestine, when electrolyte
absorption is affected, it causing loose bowel movements. This type of diarrhea is sometimes
cause by infection or result of intake of a certain drugs.
Motility-related diarrhea — Hypermotility, or the quick movement of food through the
intestines, is a precursor for this type of diarrhea.
Inflammatory diarrhea — This occurs when certain pathogens like shigella, salmonella,
campylobacter, E. coli or Clostridium difficile attack your intestinal cells.
Case Analysis
Margaux, a 5-year-old child went to a vacation at her grandmother’s place at Concepcion Tarlac.
It was her first time to visit the place since she resides at New York together with her parents. During
her stay, Margaux and her cousins are playing at the backyard of her grandparents. Most of the times
they are sitting at the ground. One time she was called by her Auntie for lunch, unfortunately she forgot
to wash her hands before eating. Time flies so fast, and she needs to go back to USA. Weeks after her
arrival, she experienced abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, fever and diarrhea. A stool sample was
requested, and it shows a presence of an intestinal parasite.

A. Identify 5 parasites that maybe seen in the stool sample and justify your answer.

Giardia lamblia:
This causes nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, which have been experienced by the patient a week
after their arrival.
Enterobius vermicularis:
This type of pinworm causes sleep disturbance and irritation to the infected person since the
infected person felt abdominal pain that can cause her sleep disturbance.
Ancylostoma duodenal and Necator americanus:
These are hookworms that could cause diarrhea though frequent wasting.
Entamoeba histolytica:
This can cause intestinal ulcerations, bloody diarrhea, weight loss, and fever.

REFERENCES:
 CORRY JEB KUCIK, LT, MC, USN, GARY L. MARTIN, LCDR, MC, USN, and BRETT V. SORTOR, LCDR,
MC, USN, Naval Hospital Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida
Am Fam Physician. 2004 Mar 1;69(5):1161-1169.
 MERCOLA: Take control of your Health. Retrieved from
https://articles.mercola.com/diarrhea/types.aspx
 U.S. National Library of Medicine. National Center for Biothechnology Information. Retrieved
from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5280818