Derivational Adjective in The First Three Chapters of The Fault in Our Stars

Novel by John Green

A Project Submitted
to the English Department, Faculty of Letters
Gunadarma University

Written by:

Name : Rima Fitri Aulia

NPM : 16615001

Advisor : Dian Wulandari, S,Pd., M.Sas

FACULTY OF LETTERS

GUNADARMA UNIVERSITY

JAKARTA

2018

i
 PAGE OF APPROVAL

This Research Paper has been accepted as a Project to be approved and

defended in front of the Board of Examiners of Faculty of Letters,

Gunadarma University

September 14th 2018

Board of Examiners

NO Name

1 Sri Hartati,S.S., M.Hum.

2 Gita Rahmi, S.Pd., M.Pd.

3 Novi Dwi G., S.S., M.Sas.

Approved by :

Head of English Department Advisor

(Dr. Rita Sutjiati Djohan, M.Pd) ( Dian Wulandari, S.Pd., M.Sas)

Head of Scientific Report Administration Bureau

(Sri Redjeki, SE, MM)

ii
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Rima Fitri Aulia

Place/Date of Birth : Bekasi, 01 August 1997

Religion : Islam

Address : Villa Mutiara Jaya Blok M 69 No. 9 RT 001/010

Kecamatan Cibitung Kabupaten Bekasi

Telephone : 087888335655

Educational Background :

1. SDN Wanasari 02

2. SMP PGRI Tambun Selatan

3. SMAN 1 Cibitung

4. Registered as a student at Gunadarma University, Faculty of Letters

Majoring English Department in 2015

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 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY

I declare that this Research Project is the product of my own work that it has not

been submitted before for any degree of examination in any other university, and

that all my sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and

acknowledge as complete references.

Bekasi, September 14th 2018

Signature

Rima Fitri Aulia

iv
 DEDICATION

This Research Project is dedicated with gratitude and affection to my father, my

mother, my brothers and sister.

v
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to say thanks to Allah, The Almighty and The

Greatest God because of His blessing, I could finish my research project

entitled“Derivational Adjective in The First Three Chapters of The Fault in Our

Stars Novel by John Green”.

Secondly, I would like to say my biggest thanks and gratitude to the most

beloved parents who always support me to finish my research project mentally

and financially and I also would like to express my fully thanks to:

1. Prof. Dr. E. S. Margianti, SE, MM as the rector of Gunadarma

University for giving permission me to make this research project.

2. Prof. Dr. Indiyah Imran as the Dean of Faculty of Letters.

3. Dr. Rita Sutjiati Djohan, M.Pd as the Head of English Department of

Faculty of Letters Gunadarma University.

4. Dian Wulandari, S.Pd., M.Sas, the researcher’s advisor who always gave

her time to guide me patiently and gave advices, knowledge and attention

to me, thank you so much.

5. All of the lecturers in Faculty of Letters for all of the knowledge and

guidance during the my study at Gunadarma University.

6. All of friends in 3SA06 and 3SA07, Thank you so much for your supports.

7. To Hanny, Ira, Ayu and Riyan, Thank you so much for your supports and

always gave me motivation to finish my research project.

8. To Reot, Keluarga Badag and CTDG, Thank you for always making me

smile, laugh, and always be there to listen my story, you are the best guys!

vi
9. To iKon and EXO, thank you for your songs which always accompany me

and give me spirit during finishing my research project.

Finally, the researcher hopes this research project will be useful for

everyone who reads this research project.

Bekasi, September 14th 2018

Rima Fitri Aulia

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover .......................................................................................................... i

Page of Approval ....................................................................................... ii

Curriculum Vitae ...................................................................................... iii

Declaration of Originality ......................................................................... iv

Dedication .................................................................................................. v

Acknowledgements .................................................................................... vi

Table of Contents .................................................................................... viii

Abstract ...................................................................................................... x

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................. 1

1.1 Background of The Research ........................................................... 1

1.2 Problem Formulation ....................................................................... 4

1.3 Objective of The Research ............................................................... 4

1.4 Scope of The Research .................................................................... 4

CHAPTER 2 THEORITICAL REVIEW ................................................ 5

2.1 Definition of Morphology................................................................ 5

2.2 Word Formation .............................................................................. 5

2.3 Morpheme ....................................................................................... 6

2.4 Affixes .......................................................................................... 10

2.4.1 Inflectional Affixes .............................................................. 12

2.4.1 Derivational Affixes............................................................. 13

2.5 Adjective ....................................................................................... 14

2.6 English Adjective-forming suffixes ............................................... 15

2.7 Definition of Novel ........................................................................ 16

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CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHOD ................................................... 18

3.1 Method of Research....................................................................... 18

3.2 Source of Data............................................................................... 18

3.3 Technique of Collecting Data ........................................................ 19

3.4 Technique of Data Analysis .......................................................... 19

CHAPTER 4 RESULT OF THE RESEARCH ..................................... 20

4.1 Data Analysis Originated from Verb.............................................. 20

4.2 Data Analysis Originated from Noun ............................................. 30

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ............................. 46

5.1 Conclusion .................................................................................... 46

5.2 Suggestion..................................................................................... 47

BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................... 48

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 ABSTRACT

Rima Fitri Aulia, (Derivational Adjective in the first three chapters of The
Fault in Our Stars Novel by John Green). A Research Project. English
Department. Faculty of Letters.Gunadarma University, Jakarta. 2018

The researcher took this topic based on the phenomenon of word formation and
how the word is formed.The purpose of this research is to find out the derivational
adjective in the first three chapters of The Fault in Our Stars Novel by John
Green.This research used qualitative method by finding the data from the first
three chapters of The Fault in Our Stars Novel by John Green. The researcher
took the data from the first three chapters of The Fault in Our Stars Novel by John
Green as the initial meeting of the main characters. The result of the research
showed that there are 37 adjective suffixes found. It consisted of 16 adjective
suffixes which are originated from verb and 21 adjective suffixes which are
originated from noun.

Keyword: Adjective suffix, Derivational Adjective, Morphology

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Research

Language is a tool that is used by human to communicate with others.

Each country has their own language but some countries learn other languages

to communicate with other people. In this era globalization, many foreign

companies and free trades spread out so that, the using of English as an

international language become important in order to communicate with other

people. Moreover, English is language that many people learn because English

is an international language.

Learning English is started from the basic because it will help people

easily learn the complex sentence. The basic skill is started from learning

vocabulary, grammar,pronunciation,etc. It is important to study vocabulary

because it will make people easier to understand the meaning of a word but if

someone lack of vocabularies, it will be difficulties for them to understand the

meaning of a word.

In mastering English skills, It is important to know how structure of word

is formed because people can easily understand kind of word class in a

sentence. Morphology is a study of word structure. People usually more easily

know a word that they have heard before but actually there are many words

that people have to know. In mastering English people have to learn how to

distinguish word which is a root and word which has been attached with other

morphemes.

1
 2

Suffix is kind of morpheme that has to attach with other morphemes so it

will produce a new word. Every suffix is categorized in a different word class

even though there are some of that belong to the same word class. Word also

has their own part of speech. In mastering English, it is needed the

understanding how a word is formed so that people can distinguish each word

class in a sentence.

The Fault in our Stars is a best seller novel by John Green and has been

filmed in 2014. Many people have known this novel because the story in the

novel is interesting. It tells about a girl who has lung cancer and her parents

are forced her to attend a support group which is in there she met Augustus

Water, an Ex-basketball player whose osteosarcoma caused him to lose his

right leg and she felt in love with him. The beginning of their introduction is

described in part 1 to part 3. The researcher chooses this novel because this

novel has an interesting story and the ending of this story is out of expectation

for readers.

This research is supported by some previous researches as the reference

material used for this research.These previous researchers have the similarities

and the differences to this research.The first previous research is done by

Cyntia Cam Setiawan (2017) “Derivational Noun in the Jakarta Post

Articles”. Her research focuses on derivational noun that found in the first

three months January 16th, February 16th, and March 16th. Based on her

research there are 26 derivational nouns that are found in the three articles in

Jakarta Post. The difference of this research and her research is that this

research focuses on adjective suffix while her research focuses on noun suffix.
 3

The similarity of this research and her research is that both research focus on

derivational morpheme found in the sources of data.

The second previous research is done by Maharani Sri Aryati (2014) “An

Analysis of derivational affixes in The Land of Five Towers Novel by A. Fuadi

Translated by Angie Kilbane”. Her research focuses on derivational affix and

root from the words in The Land of Five Tower Novel by A. Fuadi without

using statistical calculation. In this research, the researcher uses all of words

that are attached prefix and suffix as the data. Based on her research there are

part of speech 119 adjectives, 188 nouns, 266 verbs. It has similarity that

focuses on derivational morpheme but this research only focuses on suffix

derivational adjective while her research focuses on all kind of word classes

and all kind of affixes.

The third previous research is done by Nur Chairul Azis (2013) “A

Morphological Analysis of Derivational Affixes (Suffix) –Er and –Or in The

Jakarta Globe Newspaper November 1-7, 2012”. His research focuses on the

similarities and differences between the usage of suffix –er and –or in Jakarta

Globe Newspaper 1-7 November, 2012. The similarity of this research and his

research is the topic of both researches is morphology and analyses the

morpheme that found in source of data. However, his research only focuses on

suffix –er and or while this research focuses on all kind of adjective suffix.

From this research, it is hoped that it can give people more knowledge

about derivational adjective and kind of adjective suffix that found in The

Fault in Our Stars novel by John Green in the first three chapters.
 4

Furthermore, it is also hoped that it can improve the understanding of

analyzing the structure of word.

1.2 Problem Formulation

Based on the topic of this research project, the researcher formulates the

problem into a question:

What are the derivational adjectives found in The Fault in Our Stars novel by

John Green in the first three chapters?

1.3 Objective of the Research

Based on the problem formulation above, the researcher determines the

objective of the research as follow:

To find out the derivational adjective in The Fault in Our Stars novel by John

Green in the first three chapters.

1.4 Scope of the Research

The research focuses on finding the suffix of derivational adjective and

analyzing the process of derivational adjective from The Fault in Our Stars

novel by John Green in the first three chapters.

 CHAPTER 2

THEORETICAL REVIEW

2.1 Definition of Morphology

Morphology generally is a study of word structures. Furthermore, some

experts have defined morphology in a different point of view. Verhaar (1996)

states that morphology is the branch of linguistics that identifies the basic units of

language as grammatical units. Meanwhile, Based on Ramlan

(1978),“Morphology is part of the science of language to talk about or to learn the

ins and outs of the structure of words as well as the effect of changes in the

structure of the class of words and meaning of the word”. (p. 2) Moreover, Nida

(1949) states that the morphology is a study of morphemes and morpheme

preparation for the creation of the word.

Hence, the researcher concludes that morphology is a sub-branch of

linguistics that discuss about the structure of word and the process of forming a

word. It also discusses about how the words change their meaning and their part

of speech.

2.2 Word Formation

The basic concept of morphology is the concept of word. Word is the basic

unit of language. Marchand (1960) in states that word-formation is that branch of

the science of language which studies the pattern on which a language forms new

lexical units i.e. words (Stekauer and Lieber, 2006, p. 99). In word-formation, a

word can form another new word from the same lexeme.

5
 6

Meanwhile, Yule (2010) state, “Word formation is the study of the basic

processes to created new words”.(p. 52) Word formation focuses on how the word

is formed and produce a new words from the smallest meaning into a largest

meaning.

However, according to Bauer (1983), word-formation is a traditional label,

and one which is useful, but it does not generally cover all possible ways of

forming everything that can be called a ‘word’. In particular, the use of the term

‘word-formation’ is of value when the rules for the formation of words are not

identical with the rules for the formation of sentences.

Based on the explanation of these experts, the researcher concludes that

word formation is a process of word which generates some new words from one

word. Word-formation generates a new word from the smallest unit into a largest

unit.

2.3 Morpheme

There are words which have simple structure such as at, fee, for,etc.

However, many English words have a complex structure which consists of two or

more morphemes and they can be broken down into smaller units. According to

Katamba and Stonham (2006) “The morpheme is the smallest difference in the

shape of a word that correlates with the smallest difference in word or sentence

meaning or in grammatical structure” (p. 24). As the explanation stated,

morpheme is the smallest unit which word cannot be divided anymore.

Meanwhile, Haspelmath and Sims (2010) explain that morphemes can be

defined as the smallest meaningful constituents of a linguistic expression. For

 7

example, in a sentence “Camilla met an unfriendly chameleon”, it can be devided

into meaningful parts in various ways, e.g. Camilla/ met an unfriendly chameleon,

or Camilla/met/an/unfriendly/chameleon, or Camilla/met/an/un/friend/ly/chame-

leon. All of the words can be divided as long as it is meaningful, but it cannot be

divided if the word is not meaningful. For example, the word “chameleon”, cannot

be divided into cha/meleon because the any part that has been divided is not

meaningful. Thus, chameleon cannot be segmented into several morphemes.

In other words, morpheme has two types, free morpheme and bound

morpheme. Free morpheme is a morpheme that can stand alone while bound

morpheme is a morpheme that cannot stand alone. Bound morpheme has two

types, inflectional morpheme and derivational morpheme. Inflectional morpheme

is a morpheme that attached with other free morphemes without changes the

meaning of word and the part of speech. While, derivational morpheme is a

morpheme that is attached with other morphemes but it changes the meaning of

the word and the part of speech.

a. Free morpheme

According to Katamba and Stonham (2006) free morpheme is a morpheme

which can stand by itself and do not need to be attached to other morphemes. For

example, the word book, has a meaning and it can stand by itself without attached

to another element. Katamba and Stonham (2006) state that free morpheme is

categorized into two categories. The first category is that set of ordinary nouns,

adjectives and verbs. These free morphemes are called lexical morphemes or

“open” class of words. For example, girl, man, house, tiger, sad, long, yellow,
 8

sincere, open, look, follow, break. Other types of free morphemes are called

functional morphemes or “closed” class of words. For example, are, and, but,

when, because, on, near, above, in, the, that, it, them. This set consists largely of

the functional words in the language such as conjunctions, prepositions, articles

and pronouns.

b. Bound morpheme

Katamba and Stonham (2006) define that “Bound morpheme is a morpheme

which cannot stand by itself and has to attach with other free morphemes such as

suffix, infix and prefix” (p. 43) . Bound morpheme is divided into two categories,

derivational morpheme and inflectional morpheme. Inflectional morphemes are

those which do not change the form class or meaning. Derivational morphemes

are those which change the form class or the meaning. For example,

Inflection : Work (verb) + -s = Works (verb)

Derivation : Beauty (noun) + -full = Beautiful (Adj.)

c. Root

Katamba and Stonham (2006) state that “A root is irreducible core of a word,

with absolutely nothing else attached to it” (p. 43). In the word teacher, teach is

the root while –er is the suffix. Meanwhile, Haspelmath and Sims (2010) explain

that a base that cannot be analyzed any further into constituent morphemes is

called a root.

Besides, according to Bauer (1983), “A root is a form which is not further

analysable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology”(p. 20). As

 9

the explanation, a root is the part of a word-form that remains when all

inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed.

Hence, the researcher concludes that root is a word that cannot be attached

with other affixes. A root is a word which does not have any affixes on its form.

d. Base

Katamba and Stonham (2006) explain that“A base is any unit whatsoever to

which affixes of any kind can be added”. (p.46) The affixes are attached to a base

may be inflectional affixes which are selected for syntactic reasons or derivational

affixes which alter the meaning or grammatical category of the base.

Besides, According to Haspelmath and Sims (2010) “The part of the word that

an affix is attached to is called the base, e.g. ruk- in Russian, or –cal in Classical

Nahuatl”.(p. 19)Affixes and bases can be identified both in inflected word-forms

and derived lexemes.For instance, in read-er, read-able and re-read, read is the

base, -er and –able are suffixes, and re- is a prefix.

Meanwhile, Bauer (1983) compared base is the part of a word which an affix

is attached to. The affix that is attached with base usually inflectional affixes or

derivational affixes.

So, the researcher concludes that a base is any word which can be attached

with affixes. Base is a word that has a lexical meaning. Base is any part of a word

seen as a unit to which an operation can be applied, as when one adds an affix to a

root or stem.
 10

e. Stem

Haspelmath and Sims (2010) say that a base is also sometimes called a stem,

especially if an inflectional (as opposed to derivational) affix attaches to it.Bases

or stems can be complex themselves. For instance, in activity, -ity is a suffix that

combines with the base active, which itself consists of the suffix –ive and the base

act.

Moreover, in 1993, Katamba stated that the stem is part of a word that exists

before any inflectional affixes that have been added. Meanwhile, Laurie Bauer

(1983) found “ A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional

morphology”.(p. 20)

Therefore, the researcher concludes that stem is the root or roots of a word,

together with any derivational affixes, to which inflectional affixes are added. A

stem consists minimally of a root, but may be analyzable into a root

plus derivational morphemes. A stem may require an inflectional (often involving

a prefix or suffix) in order to ground it into discourse and make it a fully

understandable word. If a stem does not occur by itself in a meaningful way in a

language, it is referred to as a bound morpheme.

2.4 Affixes

Affixation is one of morphological processes that commonly found.

Kridalaksana (2007) states that affixation is a process of changing lexeme into

complex words. Affixation process occurs when a bound morpheme is placed on a

free morpheme orderly. Affixation in English occurs with the addition of prefix
 11

and suffix. Prefixation is a bound morpheme which is added to the front base

while suffixation is a bound morpheme which is added to the back base.

Beside, according to Katamba and Stonham (2006) “An affix is a

morpheme that only occurs when attached to some other morpheme or

morphemes such as a root, or stem or base”. (p. 44) Obviously, by the definition

affixes are bound morphemes. No word may contain only an affix standing on its

own, sucs as –s, -ed, or –al or even a number of affixes strung together such as –

al-s. Meanwhile, Haspelmath and Sims (2010) maintain word-forms in an

inflectional paradigm generally share (at least) one longer morpheme with a

concrete meaning and are distinguished from each other in that they additionally

contain different shorter morpheme, called affixes.

Therefore, the research concludes that affix is a morpheme that only occur

when they attach with root, stem or base and some affixes can change the meaning

of word. Affixes cannot stand alone because affixes is kind of bound morpheme

and has to attach with other free morpheme.

Affixes are categorized into three types, prefix, infix and suffix. Infixes are

common in some languages, however infixing is rare in English.Infixing in

English is very rarely even it is almost none. The formation of infixing is in

Indonesian, Spanish, Arabic,etc.

a. Prefix

They stated:prefix is an affix attached before a root, stem or base such as un-,

re-, in-, im-, etc. (Katamba and Stonham ,2006, p.45)

 12

Re- make un- kind in-decent

Re-read un-tidy in-accurate

b. Suffix

Katamba and Stonham (2006) states that suffix is an affix attached after a

root (or stem or base) such as –ive, -ment, -ly, -ing, -er, al, ic, able etc.

Kind-ly Move-ment Remain-ing

Impress-ive Write-er Wonder-ful

2.4.1 Inflectional affixes

Akmajian, Demers, Farmer, Harnish (2001) explain that inflectional

affixes never change the category (part of speech) of the base morpheme (the

morpheme to which they are attached). For example, both eat and eats are verbs;

both girl and girls are nouns.

Inflectional affixes can be divided into three categories based on the part

of speech. The first one is noun inflectional affixes, it can be divided into plural

maker (-s) and possessive maker (‘s). For example, the word “girls” in a sentence

The girls are here is a plural because there is –s in a word and the word “mary’ in

a sentence Mary’s book contains possessive maker. The second one is verb

inflectional affixes, it can be categorized into third person present singular marker

(-s), past tense marker (-ed), progressive marker (-ing), past participle marker (-en
 13

or –ed). The third one is adjective inflectional suffixes, it can be distinguished into

comparative marker (-er) and superlative marker (-est).

Thus, the researcher concludes that inflectional affix is an affix such as

prefix, infix and suffix which attach with other root, base, and stem that cannot

change the part of speech.

2.4.2 Derivational affixes

According to Rachmadie (1990), derivational affixes are affixes that

change the part of speech of the root or base. (Maharani, 2014, p.32) Derivatonal

affixes serve as an important means by which new words may be created in

English. There are some type of derivational affixes, they are:

1. Productive affix

A productive affix is a derivational affix that is currently used in

thederivation of new formations. For example, the prefix non- is aproductive

affix, as demonstrated in the following new coinage:

 The only non-upended chair in the ransacked room.

2. Unproductive affix

An unproductive affix is a derivational affix which is no longer used to

form new words.

Hence, the researcher summarizes that derivational affix is an affix which

changes the part of speech. Derivational affix generates a new word from the

process of free morpheme which attach with bound morpheme.

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2.5 Adjective

According to RieBler (2016), “The term adjective had thus to be defined in

a purely semantic sense as words with a lexical meaning referring to properties or

qualities such as ‘high’, ‘beautiful’, ‘red’, etc”. (p, 6) An adjective modifies a

noun or pronoun by providing descriptive or specific detail. Unlike adverbs,

adjectives do not modify verbs, other adjectives, or adverbs. Adjectives usually

precede the noun or pronoun they modify. Adjectives do not have to agree in

number or gender with the nouns they describe.

Beside, Fowler and Aaron (2010) maintain that An adjective modifies a

noun or pronoun by providing descriptive or specific detail. Unlike adverbs,

adjectives do not modify verbs, other adjectives, or adverbs. Adjectives usually

precede the noun or pronoun they modify. Adjectives do not have to agree in

number or gender with the nouns they describe. Adjectives answer the following

questions: What kind?, How many?, or Which ones?

Adjective is divided into some types, as stated below:

1. A descriptive adjective names a quality of the noun or pronoun that it

modifies. Example: brown dog, bigger house, fluffy cat.

2. Proper adjective is derived from a proper noun. Example: French

class, Spanish food,European car.

3. Limiting adjective restricts the meaning of the word it modifies.

Example: that car,this room,the tree.

4. Interrogative adjective is used to ask a question. Example: Whose book

is this?
 15

5. Coordinate adjective consists of two or more adjectives separated by a

comma instead of by a coordinating conjunction. Example: a cold,

rainy day.

Therefore, the research concludes that adjective is a word that describes or

clarifies noun by giving some information about the size, color, shape, age, etc.

2.6 English Adjective-forming Suffixes

Hamawand (2011) states that an adjective-forming suffix, also called

adjectival suffix or an adjectivilizer, is a bound morpheme which is added to the

end of a free morpheme to form an adjective. The free morpheme can be noun,

adjective or a verb. For example, -ure is a bound morpheme that is dependent on

the free morpheme erase to form the noun erasure, referring to the act of erasing

something.

However, according to Endley (2010), “adjective-forming suffix is known

as derivational suffixes because the adjective is derived by adding suffix to a word

belonging to another word class”(p. 86). For example, the word beautiful is

derived from the noun beauty by the addition of suffix –ful.

Meanwhile, Stekauer and Lieber (2006) explain that adjective-forming

suffix is categorized into two types, denominal adjective and deverbal adjective

(p.413). Denominal adjective is adjective suffix which create adjective from noun.

Deverbal adjective is adjective suffix which create adjective from verb.

In English, among the suffixes that create adjectives from noun are –al, -

ed, -en, -esque, -ful, -ic, -ish, -less, -ly, -ous, -some, and –y. These kind of suffixes
 16

change the part of speech from noun into adjective. For example, the word

accidental is derived from the word accident which the part of speech of the word

accident is noun. Suffix –al attached to the word accident and generated the word

accidental which it changed the part of speech into adjective and also changed the

part of speech. Suffix –al gives meaning of relating to or characterized by.

In English, there are also suffixes forming adjectives from verbs are –able,

-ive, and –ory. The suffix –ful occasionally attached to verbs, but this is not

productive. For example, in the word washable is derived from the word wash.

The word wash attach with suffix –able and change the part of speech from verb

into adjective. Suffix –able has a meaning as capable of, fit for or worthy for.

Hence, the researcher concludes that adjective-forming suffix is a suffix

which generates the adjective from other word class. Adjective-forming suffix is

kind of derivational morpheme because the process of formation change the

meaning and the word class of the origin of the word.

2.7 Definition of Novel

The novel developed in England and America. The novel was originally

developed in the region from other forms of narrative nonfiction, such as letters,

biographies, and history. But with a shift in society and development time, the

novel is not only based on data nonfiction, author of novel can change according

to the desired imagination. According to Marion (1893), “A novel is marketable

commodity, of the class collectively termed ‘luxuries’ as not contributing directly

to the support of life or the maintenance of health”. (p, 8)

 17

Beside, Watt (2001) states that the novel is the form of literature which

most fully reflects this individualist and innovating reorientation. The novel was

widely regarded as a typical example of the debased kind of writing by which the

bookseller pandered to the reading public.

A novel is a totality, a comprehensiveness that is artistic. As a totality, the

novel has passages elements, most related to one another in close and mutually

dependent. The divisions of the elements in novel are intrinsic and extrinsic

elements.

Thus, the research concludes that novel is a long fictional stories which

contains many elements and characters. A novel is a long, fictional narrative

which describes intimate human experiences. A novel is a long narrative,

normally in prose, which describes fictional characters and events, usually in the

form of a sequential story.

 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Method of Research

This research used qualitative research. Qualitative research is a research

which describe the quality of a thing and maintain the nature of values. (Acaps,

May 2012) Qualitative research focuses on meaning and message and the data in

the form of words and pictures. The data which form words or texts will be

analysed and the result of analyses can be a description of the data being

examined. Based of the datas the researcher found a deep meaning in the research.

This method is suitable to find the meaning of the research by analyzing the data

that have been found in the first three chapter on The Fault in Our Stars novel by

John Green.

3.2 Source of Data

This research takes the data from The Fault in Our Stars Novel by John

Green in the first three chapters. The first three chapters in the novel describe the

initial meeting of Hazel Grace and Augustus Walter as teenager who survive from

cancer. The novel is very interesting and motivating for teenagers. Because of the

fame of The Fault in Our Stars novel by John Green, it also was filmed in 2014

and directed by Josh Boone and starring by Shailene Woodley, Ansel Elgort, and

Nat Wolff with Laura Dern, Sam Trammell and Willem Dafoe playing support

roles.

18
 19

3.3 Technique of Collecting Data

1. Reading the first three chapters in the novel

2. Marking and listing the words that contain derivational adjective and

collected it in the table.

3.4 Technique of Data Analysis

1. Identify the adjective based on the same suffix

2. Identify all of the adjective based on the origin of the word

3. Identify the derivational process in the word which used the theory from

Francis Katamba and John Stonham

 CHAPTER 4

RESULT OF THE RESEARCH

The data has been taken from the first three chapters in The Fault in Our

Stars novel by John Green. The amount of chapters of the novel is twenty five but

the researcher only take the first three chapter as the source of data. The

researcher choosed the first three chapters as the source of data because the first

three chapters represent the first meeting of the main characters as the beginning

of the story.

The researcher found 37 adjectives that have been attached by derivational

suffixes. The researcher classified the adjectives based on the suffix and the origin

of words. Then, the researcher analysed the first adjective in each suffix. The

researcher presented the data in the table based on the suffix and the origin of

words.

The researcher used Oxford English Dictionary to check the part of speech

whether it was adjective or not and find the root of the words. The researcher also

used Oxford English Dictionary to find the meaning of each words. For finding

the meaning of each suffixes, the researcher used Meriam Webster Online

Dictionary.

4.1 Data Analysis originated from Verb

1. Suffix -ly

No Verb(root) Suffix(+ly) Adjective

1 Bubble +ly Bubbly

20
 21

2 Love +ly Lovely

DATA 1

Word : Bubbly

Sentence : “…(a piece of stained glass by the sink read in bubbly

letters Family Is Forever).“

The word Bubbly consists of two morphemes, there are Bubble and

–ly. Bubble is a free morpheme which can stand alone with meaning.

Suffix –ly is a bound morpheme which cannot stand alone unless it is

attached with other free morpheme. Suffix –ly is categorized in two

different word classes. In adjective suffix, suffix –ly gives meaning of

like in appearance, manner, or nature. While in adverb suffix, suffix –

ly gives meaning of a specified manner.

Furthermore, suffix –ly can also be called as derivational

morpheme because it changes the meaning in the word class. Suffix –

ly in Bubbly changes the word class of the base from verb (word class

of bubble ) into adjective (word class of bubbly). The word Bubbly is

formed when the root bubble is attached with suffix –ly and generates

a new lexeme that is Bubbly.

The word Bubbly and bubble have been listed in Oxford Advanced

Learner’s Dictionary (2010:182) as an official English word and has its

own meaning. The word Bubble means to form bubbles and the word

bubbly means full of bubbles.

 22

2. Suffix –al

No Verb(root) Suffix(+al) Adjective

1 Experiment +al Experimental

2 Proverb +al Proverbial

DATA 1

Word : Experimental

Sentence : “I woke up and soon got into one of those experimental

trials that are famous…”

In the word Experimental there are two morphemes. The first

morpheme is Experiment and the second is –al. The word Experiment

is categorised as a free morpheme which can stand alone without any

morpheme. While suffix –al is a bound morpheme which cannot stand

alone and have to be attached with other free morpheme. Suffix –al

gives meaning of relating to or characterized by. Moreover, suffix –al

is classified as derivational morpheme because it changes the word

class. Suffix –al changes the word class from verb (the word class of

Experiment) into adjective (the word class of experimental).

In Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2010:514), the word

experiment means to try or test new ideas, methods,etc. Moreover, the

word Experimental means based on new ideas, forms or methods that

are used to find out what effect they have (Oxford Advanced Learner’s

Dictionary, 2010, p. 515)

 23

3. Suffix –ous

No Verb(root) Suffix(+ous) Adjective

1 Nerve +ous Nervous

DATA 1

Word : Nervous

Sentence : “I might have been nervous”

The word Nervous has more than one morpheme to be

formed. The first one Nerve which is included as free morpheme

and can stand alone. The second morpheme is suffix –ous which is

categorized as bound morpheme and cannot stand alone as suffix.

Suffix –ous needs other free morphemes to attach so that it can

form a new word. Suffix –ous also called as derivational

morpheme because it changes the word class from verb (the word

class of nerve) into adjective (the word class of nervous). Besides,

suffix –ous gives meaning of full of: having a large amount of :

having the quality of.

Nerve and Nervous have their own meaning based on

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2010:989). Nerve means

to give yourself the courage or strength to do something and

nervous means anxious about something or afraid of something.

 24

4. Suffix –able

No Verb(root) Suffix(+able) Adjective

1 Accept +able Acceptable

2 Incur +able Incurable

DATA 1

Word : Acceptable

Sentence : “—back when it was socially acceptable to name one’s

friends after their hue.”

As the smallest meaning of a word, the word Acceptable has two

morphemes, there are Accept and –able. Accept is a root which is also

kind of free morpheme, and it can stand alone by itself. While –able is

a suffix and also kind of bound morpheme which is attached with other

free morpheme because it cannot stand by itself. Suffix –able has a

meaning as capable of, fit for, or worthy of (being so acted upon or

toward) : tending, given, or liable to. Suffix –able also changes the

word class from verb (the origin word of Accept) into adjective (the

new lexeme of acceptable).

In semantic category, the word accept and acceptable have their

own meaning as an official English word and have been listed in

Oxford Adavanced Learner’s Dictionary (2010:3). Accept that means

to take willingly something that is offered ; to say ‘yes’ to an offer,

invitation, etc. Acceptable that means agreed or approved of by most

 25

people in a society ; that somebody agrees is of a good enough

standard or allowed ; not very good but good enough.

5. Suffix –less

No Verb(root) Suffix(+less) Adjective

1 End +less Endless

DATA 1

Word : Endless

Sentence : “The paperwork was endless.”

In Endless, it is visible that there are two morpheme exist. While

End is a root and also kind of free morpheme which can stand alone.

Beside, -less is a suffix and also called as bound morpheme because it

cannot stand without stick with other free morpheme. Suffix –less also

one of kind derivational morpheme due to changes the meaning of the

word class. The word class of end is verb after being attached with

suffix –less the word class changes into adjective. Suffix –less has a

meaning as destitute of ; not having ; unable to be acted on or to act (in

a specified way).

The word End has been listed in Oxford Advanced Learner’s

Dictionary (2010:482) means to finish; to make something finish.

However, according to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary

(2010:483) Endless means very large in size or amount and seeming to

 26

have no end ; continuing for a long and seeming to have no end ;

having the ends joined together so it forms one piece.

6. Suffix –y

No Verb(root) Suffix(+y) Adjective

1 Luck +y Lucky

2 Smoky +y Smoke

3 Sex +y Sexy

4 Curve +y Curvy

DATA 1

Word : Lucky

Sentence : “AND YOU TOO MIGHT BE SO LUCKY!

The word lucky as the smallest meaning of word has two

morphemes in one word, there are luck and –y. Luck is a root and also

called as free morpheme so it can stand by itself. –y is kind of suffix

and also as bound morpheme so it needs other free morphemes to link

and produce a new word. Suffix –y is a derivational morpheme so it

changes the meaning of the word class. The root luck is one of root that

categorized as verb and suffix –y attached to the root luck so that

generate the new word Lucky and changes the word class into

adjective.
 27

Moreover, suffix –y has a meaning as characterized by ; full of ;

having the character of ; composed of ; like ; like that of ; tending or

inclined to ; giving occasion for (specified) action ; performing

(specified) action.

In Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2010:887), the word

Luck and lucky have their own meaning. Luck which means to prosper

or succeed especially through chance or good fortune –usually used

with out. Beside, the word Lucky means having good luck ; being the

result of good luck ; bringing good luck.

7. Suffix –ive

No Verb(root) Suffix(+ive) Adjective

1 Impress +ive Impressive

2 Suggest +ive Suggestive

DATA 1

Word : Impressive

Sentence : “Thyroid originally but with an impressive and…”

Impressive consists of two morphemes, there are Impress and –ive.

Impress is a root and also kind of free morpheme. Impress can stand

alone without –ive and has a meaning. Morpheme –ive is a suffix and

also called as bound morpheme because it cannot stand alone as a

word. It has to be attached with other free morphemes and form a new
 28

word. Also, suffix –ive is one of derivational morpheme because it

changes the word class from verb (the word class of impress) into

adjective (the word class of impressive). Suffix –ive has its own

meaning which is doing or tending to do something specified ; that

does or tends to do a specified action.

In semantic category, the word Impress and Impressive have their

own meaning. It has been listed in Oxford Advanced Learner’s

Dictionary (2010:754) Impress means if a person or thing impresses

you, you feel admiration for them or it ; something on to make

somebody understand how important, serious,etc. something is by

emphasizing it ; to have a great effect on something, especially

somebody’s mind, imagination, etc. Meanwhile, based on Oxford

Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2010:755) Impressive means (of

things or people) making you feel admiration, because they are very

large, good, skilful,etc.

8. Suffix –ful

No Verb(root) Suffix(+ful) Adjective

1 Wonder +ful Wonderful

DATA 1

Word : Wonderful
 29

Sentence : “…which was weird and wonderful, and then Augustus

said,…”

As the smallest meaning of word, Wonderful has two morphemes.

Wonder is a root and also free morpheme which can stand by itself. –

ful is a suffix and kind of bound morpheme which cannot stand by

itself. Suffix –ful gives meaning of full of ; characterized by ; having

the qualities of. Furthermore, suffix –ful is a derivational morpheme

due to changes the meaning of the word class. The word wonder is

classified as verb after suffix –ful is being attached, wonderful is

generated and changes the word class into adjective

The word Wonder in Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary

(2010:1710) means to think about something and try to decide what is

true, what will happen, what you should do, etc. ; to be very surprised

by something.. Meanwhile, according to Oxford Advanced Learner’s

Dictionary (2010:1711) the word wonderful means very good,

pleasant, or enjoyable ; making you feel surprise or admiration.

9. Suffix –ic

No Verb(root) Suffix(+ic) Adjective

1 Film +ic Filmic

DATA 1

Word : Filmic
 30

Sentence :” …so she can see her filmic doppelgänger, mid-t

wo thousands Natalie Portman.”

The word filmic is obviously considered has more than one

morpheme, since it can be considered into smaller pieces as film

and – ic. While film is the root, which is also kind of free

morpheme and it can stand alone with meaning by itself. Film

annex to sufix –ic which is bound morpheme, and it cannot stand

alone. Suffix –ic gives meaning of having the character or form of ;

associated or dealing with. Suffix –ic can also be called

derivational morpheme, because it changes the meaning in the

word class. Suffix –ic changes the word class of the base from the

verb (word class of the base film) into adjective (word class of

derivative filmic).

Film and Filmic have been listed in Oxford Advances

Learner’s dictionary (2010:553) and has its own meaning. Film

means to make a film/ movie of a story or a real event and Filmic

means connected with films/movies.

4.2 Data Analysis Originated from Noun

1. Suffix –ly

No Noun(root) Suffix(+ly) Adjective

1 Week +ly Weekly

2 Heaven +ly Heavenly

 31

DATA 1

Word ` : Weekly

Sentence : “...and that therefore my meds should be adjusted

and also I should attend a weekly Support Group”.

In the word Weekly, it is visible that there are two

morphemes exist. The first morpheme is week. Week is categorized

as a root and also called as free morpheme which can stand by

itself without –ly. –ly is a suffix and kind of bound morpheme

which cannot stand alone and it gives meaning of like in

appearance, manner, or nature ; characterized by regular

reccurence in (specified) units of time. Besides, suffix –ly is

considered as bound morpheme which changes the meaning of the

word. Suffix –ly changes the word class from noun (the word class

of week) into adjective(the word class of base weekly).

In semantic category, week and weekly have been listed in

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2010:1686). The word

week means a period of seven days,either from Monday to Sunday

or from Sunday to Saturday ; any period of seven days ; the five

days other than Saturday and Sunday ; the part of the week when

you go to work. Beside, the word weekly means happening, done or

published once a week or every week.

 32

2. Suffix –al

No Noun(root) Suffix(+al) Adjective

1 Clinic +al Clinical

2 Cylinder +al Cylindrical

3 Intellect +al Intellectual

4 Colony +al Colonial

DATA 1

Word : Clinical

Sentence : “…Who agreed that I was veritably swimming in a

paralyzing and totally clinical depression.”

Clinical consists of two morphemes, there are clinic and –

al. Clinic is a root and also kind of free morpheme. Clinic can

stand alone without –al and has a meaning. Morpheme –al is a

suffix and also called as bound morpheme because it cannot stand

alone as a word. It has to be attached with other free morphemes

and form a new word. Also, suffix -al is one of derivational

morpheme because it changes the word class from noun (the word

class of clinic) into adjective (the word class of clinical). Suffix –al

has its own meaning which is of relating to or characterized by.

In semantic category, the word Clinic and Clinical have their

own meaning. It has been listed in Oxford Advanced Learner’s

Dictionary (2010:263). Clinic which means a building or part of a

 33

hospital where people can go for special medical treatment or

advice ; a period of time during which doctors give special medical

treatment or advice ; a private hospital or one that treats health

problems of a particular kind. While clinical means relating to the

examination and treatment of patients and their illness ; cold and

calm and without feeling or sympathy.

3. Suffix –ous

No Noun(root) Suffix(+ous) Adjective

1 Danger +ous Dangerous

2 Dubiety +ous Dubious

3 Fame +ous Famous

4 Pretention +ous Pretentious

DATA 1

Word : Dangerous

Sentence : “I mean, it’s gotta be dangerous, storing children

with cancer in your heart.”

The word dangerous is obviously considered has more than

one morpheme, since it can be considered into smaller pieces as

danger and – ous. While danger is the root, which is also kind of

free morpheme and it can stand alone with meaning by itself.

Danger annex to sufix –ous which is bound morpheme, and it

 34

cannot stand alone. Suffix –ous gives meaning of full of: having a

large amount of : having the quality of. Suffix –ous can also be

called derivational morpheme, because it changes the meaning in

the word class. Suffix –ous changes the word class of the base

from the noun (word class of the base danger) into adjective (word

class of derivative dangerous).

Danger and dangerous have been listed in Oxford

Advanced Learner’s dictionary (2010:367) and has its own

meaning. Danger means the possibility of something happening

that will injure, harm or kill somebody, or damager or destroy

something ; the possibility of something bad or unpleasant

happening ; a person or thing that may cause damage or harm

somebody. Dangerous that means likely to injure or harm

somebody, or to damage or destroy something.

4. Suffix –able

No Noun(root) Suffix(+able) Adjective

1 Miser +able Miserable

DATA 1

Word : Miserable
 35

Sentence : “…and listened to Patrick recount for the

thousandth time his depressingly miserable life

story”

It can be seen that the word Miserable has more than one

morpheme. There are Miser, as the free morpheme and suffix –

able. The word miser is the root, which is also kind of free

morpheme, and it can stand alone by it self. Suffix –able is called

bound morpheme, it cannot stand alone as a word unless it’s being

attached with some others free morpheme. Suffix –able means

capable of, fit for, or worthy of (being so acted upon or toward) :

tending, given, or liable to. Suffix –able also changes the word

class from noun (the origin word of Miser) into adjective (the new

lexeme of miserable).

These words are considered as an official word of english

because it has been listed in Oxford Advanced Learner’s

Dictionary (2010:945). Miser which means a person who loves

money and hates spending it. While, miserable means very

unhappy or uncomfortable ; making you feel very unhappy or

uncomfortable.

5. Suffix –less

No Noun(root) Suffix(+less) Adjective

1 Friend +less Friendless

 36

DATA 1

Word : Friendless

Sentence : “…addicted to video games, mostly friendless,

eking out a meager …”

The word Friendless, as it can be seen consists of more than

one morpheme. The first morpheme is Friend which is as root and

kind of free morpheme. Friend can stand alone without have to

attach with other morphemes. While, the second morpheme is –less

which is kind of suffix and also bound morpheme. Suffix –less

cannot stand by it self. It has to be attached with other free

morphemes and will generate a new word. Suffix –less gives a

meaning of destitute of ; not having ; unable to be acted on or to

act (in a specified way). Suffix -less changes the word class from

noun (the word class of friend) into adjective (the word class of

friendless).

These words, friend and friendless have been listed in Oxford

Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2010:600). Friend which means

person you know well and like, but who is not relative ; helper or

supporter. While, friendless means without any friends.

 37

6. Suffix –y

No Noun(root) Suffix(+y) Adjective

1 Health +y Healthy

2 Skin +y skinny

3 Goof +y Goofy

DATA 1

Word : Healthy

Sentence : “…so you look around and think, as any healthy

person would…”

As the smallest meaning of word, Healthy has two morphemes.

Health is a root and also called as free morpheme which can stand

alone. While, -y is a suffix and also kind of bound morpheme

which can stand by attached with other free morphemes. Suffix –y

has a meaning of as characterized by ; full of ; having the character

of ; composed of ; like ; like that of ; tending or inclined to ; giving

occasion for (specified) action ; performing (specified) action.

Suffix –y is one of a derivational morpheme which can changed the

meaning of word class from noun (the word class of health) into

adjective (the word class of healthy).

In semantic category, the word health and healthy have their

own meaning. The word health has been listed in Oxford

Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2010:693) means condition of a

 38

person’s body or mind ; state of being physically and mentally

healthy ; work of providing medical services. Beside, based on

Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2010:694) the word

healthy means having good health ; good for your health ; showing

that you are in good health ; large and showing success.

7. Suffix –ive

No Noun(root) Suffix(+ive) Adjective

1 Curse +ive Cursive

2 Recluse +ive Reclusive

DATA 1

Word : Cursive

Sentence : “…was engraved in cursive with the words Home

Is Where the Heart Is,”

In word cursive, it can be seen that there are more than one

morpheme exists. The first one is curse is a root and also free

morpheme which can stand by itself. The other morpheme is suffix

–ive and one of kind bound morpheme. Suffix –ive needs to attach

with other free morphemes because it cannot stand alone. Suffix –

ive is also called as derivational morpheme because it changes the

word class from noun (the word class of base curse) into adjective

(the word class of cursive). Suffix –ive has a meaning as doing or

 39

tending to do something specified ; that does or tends to do a

specified action.

Curse and cursive have been listed in Oxford Advanced

Learner’s Dictionary (2010:359) as an official English word. Curse

that means a rude or offensive word or phrase that some people use

when they are very angry ; a word or phrase that has a magic

power to make something bad happen ; something that causes harm

or evil. Cursive which means with the letter joined together.

8. Suffix –ate

No Noun(root) Suffix(+ate) Adjective

1 Fortune +ate Fortunate

DATA 1

Word : Fortunate

Sentence : “I feel so fortunate that an intellectual giant like

yourself would deign to operate on me.”

The word fortunate consists of more than one morpheme.

There are fortune and –ate. Morpheme fortune is a root and also

one of free morpheme which can stand by itself. Morpheme –ate is

a suffix and also called bound morpheme which cannot stand by

itself. Suffix –ate is kind of derivational morpheme because it

changes the word class from noun (the word class of origin
 40

fortune) into adjective (the word class of fortunate). Suffix –ate

has its own meaning as marked by having.

These words Fortune and Fortunate have been listed in Oxford

Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2010:590) and have their own

meaning. The word Fortune means good or bad luck; chance; what

will happen to somebody in the future; large amount of money.

While the word fortunate means having good luck; enjoying good

fortune; coming or happening because of good luck.

9. Suffix –en

No Noun(root) Suffix(+en) Adjective

1 Wood +en Wooden

DATA 1

Word : Wooden

Sentence : “A wooden plaque in the entryway…”

It can be seen in the word wooden there are more than one

morpheme exists. The first morpheme is wood. Wood is a root and

also kind of free morpheme. The second morpheme is suffix –en

and also kind of bound morpheme. The word wood capable to

stand by itself. While, suffix –en cannot stand by itself. Suffix –en

gives meaning of made of; consisting of. Moreover, suffix –en is a

derivational morpheme due to can change the meaning of the word

 41

class from noun (the word class of origin word wood ) into

adjective (the word class of wooden).

In semantic category the word wood and wooden have their

own meaning because it has been listed in Oxford Advanced

Learner’s Dictionary (2010:1711). Wood that means the hard

fibrous material that forms the main substance of the trunk or

branches of a tree or shrub, used for fuel or timber ; An area of

land, smaller than a forest, that is covered with growing trees.

While, wooden means made of wood ; like or characteristic of

wood.

10. Suffix –ful

No Noun(root) Suffix(+ful) Adjective

1 Distrust +ful Distrustful

DATA 1

Word : Distrustful

Sentence :” …and how they were inherently distrustful of

anyone who…”

In the word Distrustful, there are more than one morpheme

exists. There are Trust, prefix –dis and suffix –ful. Trust is a root

which is also kind of free morpheme and can stand by it self.

Suffix –ful is kind of bound morpheme which are not capable to

 42

stand by itself. Suffix –ful is also kind of derivational morpheme

because it can change the meaning of the word class from noun

(the word class of root trust) into adjective (the word class of

distrustful). Suffix –ful has a meaning of full of ; characterized by ;

having the qualities of.

In semantic category, the word trust means Firm belief in the

reliability, truth, or ability of someone or something ; An

arrangement whereby a person (a trustee) holds property as its

nominal owner for the good of one or more beneficiaries ; A hope

or expectation (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 2010,

1601). Meanwhile, according to Oxford Advanced Learner’s

Dictionary (2010:425) the word distrust and distrustful have their

own meaning. Distrust means the feeling that someone or

something cannot be relied upon. The word distrustful means

Feeling or showing distrust of someone or something.

11. Suffix –ic

No Noun(root) Suffix(+ic) Adjective

1 Hero +ic Heroic

DATA 1

Word : Heroic
 43

Sentence : “The movie was about this heroic guy in a mask

who died heroically for Natalie Portman,…”

The word Heroic has more than one morpheme as the smallest

meaning of the word. The word Hero is a free morpheme. It has its

own meaning and can stand by it own self. The other morpheme is

–ic. Suffix –ic is bound morpheme which cannot stand alone, it

gives meaning of having the character or form of ; associated or

dealing with. Suffix –ic can also be called derivational morpheme,

because it changes the meaning in the word class from noun (the

word class of base hero) into adjective (the word class of heroic).

Moreover, hero and heroic have been listed in Oxford Online

Dictionary (2010:703) as an official English word and has their

own meaning. The word hero which A person who is admired for

their courage, outstanding achievements. The word heroic that

means Having the characteristics of a hero or heroine; admirably

brave or determined ; (of language or a work of art) grand or

grandiose in scale or intention.

Based on the result of the research above, the researcher concludes that

from 37 adjectives that have been found in the first three chapters in The Fault

in Our Stars novel by John Green, there are 16 adjectives which originated

from verb and there are 21 adjectives which originated from noun.

From 16 adjectives which originated from verb, it shows there are:

 44

No Suffix The number of adjective

suffix originated from verb

1 -ly 2

2 -al 2

3 -ous 1

4 -able 2

5 -less 1

6 -y 4

7 -ive 2

8 -ful 1

9 -ic 1

Total 16

Meanwhile, from 21 adjectives which originated from noun, it has been

found:

No Suffix The number of adjective

suffix originated from noun

1 -ly 2

2 -al 4

3 -ous 4

4 -able 1

5 -less 1

6 -y 3
 45

7 -ive 2

8 -ate 1

9 -en 1

8 -ful 1

9 -ic 1

Total 21
 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion

Based on the finding data, the researcher concludes that the number of

derivational adjectives which have been found in the first three chapters of The

Fault in Our Stars novel by John Green are 37 adjective suffixes. Based on 37

adjectives that have been found, there are 16 adjectives which originated from

verb and 21 adjectives which originated from noun. It shows that in the first three

chapters of The Fault in Our Stars novel by John Green presented more adjective

which originated from noun than adjective which originated from verb.

Derivational suffixes in the first three chapters of The Fault in Our Stars

novel by John Green are:

No Suffix Total Suffix Total suffix The number of

from Verb from Noun adjective suffix

1 -ly 2 2 4

2 -al 2 4 6

3 -ous 1 4 5

4 -able 2 1 3

5 -less 1 1 2

6 -y 4 3 7

7 -ive 2 2 4

8 -ful 1 1 2

46
 47

9 -ate 0 1 1

10 -en 0 1 1

11 -ic 1 1 2

Total of adjective 16 21 37

suffix

5.2 Suggestion

The researcher suggests for the further research to discuss more about

affixes that attached with inflectional and derivational morpheme. The researcher

also suggests to use another theory which are related to morphology so that for the

further researchers can use another technique for finding data.

Furthermore, the researcher suggests next researchers having the same

interest to analyse adjective suffix to use another source of data such as, poem,

short story or article which contain many affixes. The researchers also suggests

for the further researchers to look up another dictionary besides Oxford Dictionary

to find the meaning of the word.

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