Question 1

This factor is not a component of a material

Processing

Crystallinity

Properties

Performance

Question 2

Substances in which measured properties are independent of the direction of measurement

Anisotropic

Bitropic

Isotropic

Multitropic

none of the above

Question 3

Which of the following has the highest resistance to fracture?

Polymers

Ceramics

Metals

Composites

Question 4
Relate to the chemical reactivity of materials.

Mechanical

Electrical

Thermal

Deteriorative

Question 5

One basic classification of a material

Composite

Plastics

Alloys

Metals

Question 6

1.Tries to create a new material with the desired properties based on an existing material with similar
properties

Materials Scientist and Engineers

Industrial Engineer

Civil Engineer

Chef

Question 7
Defined as the characteristic of a material that differentiate it from other materials. It is independent
on its size and shape

Property of a Material

Structure of a Material

Process of a Material

Performance of a Material

none of the above

Question 8

This is not a property of a Material

Mechanical

Electrical

Heat Transfer

Optical

Question 9

Correct.

What is the difference between atomic mass and atomic weight?

Atomic mass is the average of the atomic masses of an atom's naturally occurring isotopes,
whereas atomic weight is the weight of an individual atom.
Atomic mass is characterized by the number of neutrons in the nucleus, whereas atomic weight
is the weight of an individual atom.
Atomic mass is the mass of an individual atom, whereas atomic weight is the average
(weighted) of the atomic masses of an atom's naturally occurring isotopes.
Atomic weight = Atomic mass × g.

Atomic mass is characterized by the number of protons in the nucleus, whereas atomic weight is
the average (weighted) of the atomic masses of an atom's naturally occurring isotopes.
Question 10

Correct.
The net potential energy between two adjacent ions, EN, may be represented by

Where A, B, and n are constants whose values depend on the particular ionic system.

Calculate the bonding energy E0 in terms of the parameters A, B, and n using the following procedure:
(1) Differentiate EN with respect to r, and then set the resulting expression equal to zero, since the
curve of EN versus r is a minimum at E0.
(2) Solve for r in terms of A, B, and n, which yields r0, the equilibrium interionic spacing.
(3) Determine the expression for E0 by substitution of r0 into the above equation for EN. Which of the
following equations represents the expression for E0?

Question 11

Your answer is correct.

What type(s) of bonding would be expected for brass (a copper–zinc alloy)?

Covalent bonding with some van der Waals bonding

Metallic bonding

van der Waals bonding

Ionic bonding

Question 12

Correct.

The nucleus of an atom contains

Electrons

Neutrons

Protons

Question 13

Correct.
The atomic number of an electrically neutral atom is equal to the number of:
Choose all that apply.

Protons

Electrons

Neutrons

Question 14

Type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions

Metallic bond

Ionic bond

Covalent bond

Capillary bond

Question 15

Which atomic model is currently used to describe the wave particle duality of electrons?

Bohr atomic model

Rutherford's model

Quantum theory

String theory

Question 16

At the state of equilibrium, the repulsive force is equal to

The frictional force

 The attractive force

The buoyant force

The resultant force

Question 17

Two atoms that are bonded with this bond will each contribute at least one electron to the bond, and
the shared electrons may be considered to belong to both atoms

Covalent bond

Metallic bond

Mechanical bond

Ionic bond

none of the above

Question 18

Correct.

What is the difference between atomic structure and crystal structure?

Atomic structure relates to the type of atomic bonding.

Crystal structure pertains to the arrangement of atoms in the crystalline solid material.
Atomic structure relates to the number of electrons.
Crystal structure pertains to the type of atomic bonding in the crystalline solid material.
Atomic structure relates to the arrangement of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Crystal structure pertains to the electron structure of the individual atoms.
Atomic structure relates to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Crystal structure pertains to the number and probability distributions of the electrons.
Atomic structure relates to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom, as
well as the number and probability distributions of the constituent electrons.
Crystal structure pertains to the arrangement of atoms in the crystalline solid material.
Question 19

Correct.

Which crystal system(s) listed below has (have) the following relationship for the unit cell edge
lengths?
 Orthorhombic

Tetragonal

Monoclinic

Hexagonal

Rhombohedral

Triclinic

Cubic

Question 20

Basic structural unit or building block of the crystal structure and defines the crystal structure by
virtue of its geometry and the atom positions within

Building unit

Cubicle

Crystal cell

Unit cell

Question 21

How many atoms can be contained in an Hexagonal Closed Pack Structure?

Question 22

Your answer is correct.

A steel rod is pulled in tension with a stress that is less than the yield strength. The modulus of
elasticity may be calculated as

Axial load divided by change in length

Axial stress divided by axial strain

Axial stress divided by change in length

Axial stress times axial strain

Question 23

Correct.

For most metals, the relationship between elastic and shear moduli is approximately which of the
following?

G = 0.1 E

G = 0.2 E

G = 0.3 E

G = 0.4 E

G = 0.5 E

Question 24

This law states that in the linear part of the stress-strain curve, the slope of the linear part is equal to
the Young's Modulus

Ohm's Law

Young's Law

Hooke's Law

none of the above

Question 25
Defined as the ratio of lateral and axial strains

Young's Ratio

Capacitive Ratio

Poisson's Ratio

none of the above

Question 26

Force or load per unit area of cross-section over which the force or load is acting

Stress

Strain

Tensile Force

Shear Force

none of the above

Question 27

In metals, the stress level at which plastic deformation begins

Linear Point

Plastic Deformation Point

Failure Point

Proportional Limit

none of the above

Question 28
The slope of the linear part of the stress-strain curve in the elastic region.

Young's Modulus

Tensile Modulus

Strain Modulus

none of the above

Question 29

This modulus may be thought of as stiffness, or a material's resistance to elastic deformation

Ohm's Modulus

Young's Modulus

Modulus of Inelasticity

none of the above

Question 30

This is the point in the stress-strain curve wherein breaking occurs

Fracture

Ultimate Tensile Strength

Proportional Limit

BreakUp Point

none of the above

Question 31
For a parallel plate capacitor, increasing the dielectric constant will increase the

Voltage

Resistance

Inductance

Capacitance

none of the above

Question 32

If the voltage applied to a material is 220 V and the current passing through it is 1 ampere, what is
the resistance of the material?

22.2 ohms

220 ohms

2.2 ohms

0.5 ohms

none of the above

Question 33

This material property is indirectly proportional to conductivity

Resistance

Resistivity

Conductance

Capacitance

none of the above

Question 34
The unit of Capacitance is

Ohms

Farad

Volts

Amperes

none of the above

Question 35

Law that states that the voltage applied to the material is directly proportional to the current passing
through the material

Capacitive Law

Mho's Law

Ohm's Law

Resistive Law

none of the above

Component of Material

This factor is not a component of a material

Processing

Crystallinity

Properties

Performance

Property of Material
This is not a property of a Material

Mechanical

Electrical

Heat Transfer

Optical

Property of Material

Substances in which measured properties are independent of the direction of measurement

Anisotropic

Bitropic

Isotropic

Multitropic

none of the above

Materials Science and Engineering

1.Tries to create a new material with the desired properties based on an existing material with similar
properties

Materials Scientist and Engineers

Industrial Engineer

Civil Engineer

Chef

Classification of Materials

One basic classification of a material

 Composite

Plastics

Alloys

Metals

Classification of Materials

Which of the following has the highest resistance to fracture?

Polymers

Ceramics

Metals

Composites

Property of Material

Relate to the chemical reactivity of materials.

Mechanical

Electrical

Thermal

Deteriorative

Characteristics of Materials

Defined as the characteristic of a material that differentiate it from other materials. It is independent
on its size and shape

Property of a Material

Structure of a Material
 Process of a Material

Performance of a Material

none of the above

Forces in Atoms

At the state of equilibrium, the repulsive force is equal to

The frictional force

The attractive force

The buoyant force

The resultant force

Atomic Model

Which atomic model is currently used to describe the wave particle duality of electrons?

Bohr atomic model

Rutherford's model

Quantum theory

String theory

Types of Bonds

Type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions

Metallic bond

Ionic bond

Covalent bond

Capillary bond
Bonds in Atoms

Two atoms that are bonded with this bond will each contribute at least one electron to the bond, and
the shared electrons may be considered to belong to both atoms

Covalent bond

Metallic bond

Mechanical bond

Ionic bond

none of the above

Atoms in FCC Structure

How many atoms can be contained in an FCC structure?

Structure of FCC

If the radius of a face centered cubic crystal is half the length of its unit cell edge, then the
relationship of the FCC?s radius and edge length is

a=piR^2

a=R

a=2.5R

Nonexistent because the structure cannot be formed

none of the above

Structure of BCC
If the radius of the body centered cubic crystal is SQRT(3) Angstrom (A) then the unit edge is

2A

4A

3A

16A

Atoms in Hexagonal Systems

How many atoms can be contained in an Hexagonal Closed Pack Structure?

Basic Building Block of Crystal Structure

Basic structural unit or building block of the crystal structure and defines the crystal structure by
virtue of its geometry and the atom positions within

Building unit

Cubicle

Crystal cell

Unit cell

Edge length and Radius of the Atom

If the radius of a face centered cubic crystal is 1 Angstrom (A), then the unit edge is
 a=R^2

a=2

a=1

a=2Sqrt(2)

Mechanical Property

In metals, the stress level at which plastic deformation begins

Linear Point

Plastic Deformation Point

Failure Point

Proportional Limit

none of the above

Mechanical Property

The slope of the linear part of the stress-strain curve in the elastic region.

Young's Modulus

Tensile Modulus

Strain Modulus

none of the above

Mechanical Property

This law states that in the linear part of the stress-strain curve, the slope of the linear part is equal to
the Young's Modulus

Ohm's Law
 Young's Law

Hooke's Law

none of the above

Mechanical Property

This is the point in the stress-strain curve wherein breaking occurs

Fracture

Ultimate Tensile Strength

Proportional Limit

BreakUp Point

none of the above

Mechanical Property

This modulus may be thought of as stiffness, or a material's resistance to elastic deformation

Ohm's Modulus

Young's Modulus

Modulus of Inelasticity

none of the above

Mechanical Property

Force or load per unit area of cross-section over which the force or load is acting

Stress

Strain

Tensile Force
 Shear Force

none of the above

Mechanical Property

Defined as the ratio of lateral and axial strains

Young's Ratio

Capacitive Ratio

Poisson's Ratio

none of the above

Electrochemical Consideration

Reaction in which the electrons from the anodic region is transferred and become part of another
chemical species

Oxidation

Reduction

Electromigration

Superconduction

none of the above

Oxidation

This process will form nonmetallic films or scales in metals

Oxidation

Reduction

Electromigration
 Superconduction

none of the above

Electrochemical Consideration

This process will result in the loss of electrons in metals

Oxidation

Reduction

Electromigration

Superconduction

none of the above

Electrical Properties

This material property is indirectly proportional to conductivity

Resistance

Resistivity

Conductance

Capacitance

none of the above

Electrical Properties

Law that states that the voltage applied to the material is directly proportional to the current passing
through the material

Capacitive Law

Mho's Law
 Ohm's Law

Resistive Law

none of the above

Ohm's Law

If the voltage applied to a material is 220 V and the current passing through it is 1 ampere, what is
the resistance of the material?

22.2 ohms

220 ohms

2.2 ohms

0.5 ohms

none of the above

Capacitance

The unit of Capacitance is

Ohms

Farad

Volts

Amperes

none of the above

Capacitance

For a parallel plate capacitor, increasing the dielectric constant will increase the

Voltage
 Resistance

Inductance

Capacitance

none of the above

Thermal Property

Stress induced in a body as a result of slow changes in temperature

Thermal Shock

Thermal Stress

Thermal annealing

Thermal Tempering

none of the above

Thermal Property

If the change in temperature of a certain 1 meter aluminum wire is 100 deg Celsius, what is the
change in its length? (Alpha = 23.6 x 10^-6/deg C)

23.6 x 10^4 m

23.6 x 10^-4 m

2.36 x 10^-4 m

0.236 x 10^-4 m

none of the above

Thermal Property

It represents the amount of energy required to produce a unit temperature rise.

 Heat Capacity

Calories

Heat

Joule

none of the above

Magnetic Property

This kind of magnetic field is weak and attracts towards the external magnetic field applied to the
material

Diamagnetic

Paramagnetic

Ferrimagnetic

Ferromagnetic

none of the above

Magnetic Property

This kind of magnetic field is strong and exists even without the presence of external magnetic field

Paramagnetic

Ferromagnetic

Diamagnetic

none of the above

Magnetic Property

This kind of magnetic field is weak and opposes the external magnetic field applied to the material
 Diamagnetic

Paramagnetic

Ferrimagnetic

Ferromagnetic

none of the above

Energy of Light

If the frequency of the light source is 10 hertz, the energy of the light is

6.63 x 10^33 J

3.33 x 10^6 J

3.33 x 10^3 J

6.63 x 10^-33 J

Optical Properties

Describes how light propagates through a medium

Refractive Index

Reflective Index

Capacitance

Index of luminosity

none of the above

Optical Properties

Phenomenon wherein the absorbed energy of the material is reemitted as visible light. The interval
between absorption and reemission is greater than 1 second
 Luminiscence

Transluscence

Phosphorescence

Transparence

none of the above

Optical Properties

Materials that are capable of transmitting light with relatively little absorption and reflection

Phosphorescent

Transparent

Opaque

Flourescent

none of the above

Speed of Light

If the wavelength of light is 1 x 10^8 m, its frequency is

1/3 m

3m

3 hertz

1/3 hertz

none of the above

Question 1, Part 1

A copper-nickel alloy of composition 40 wt% Ni-60 wt% Cu is slowly heated from a temperature of
1150°C (2100 °F).
(a) At what temperature does the first liquid phase form?
(b) What is the composition of this liquid phase?
(c) At what temperature does complete melting of the alloy occur?
(d) What is the composition of the last solid remaining prior to complete melting?

See Animated Figure 9.3a

Part 1

Carefully review Section 9.7 and Figure 9.3. Think about what happens to the composition given in
the problem as you slowly heat it. What happens to this composition when it passes the solidus
line?

If you are having difficulty with this problem, you may wish to review:
Solving Equations
Graphing Conceptual Overview

At what temperature does the first liquid phase form?

9.11 ˚C

the tolerance is +/-2%

Question 2

Your answer is incorrect.

For an alloy of composition 50 wt% Zn-50 wt% Cu, what phase(s) is (are) present at 400°C and what
is (are) the mass fraction(s) of the phase(s)? You may find the Animated Figure 9.19 (the Cu-Zn
phase diagram) helpful.

β and γ phases

Liquid phase

β phase

β' and γ phases

α phas
e
Question 4

Incorrect.

Which of the following kinds of information may be determined with the aid of a phase diagram?

The phase(s) present at a specified temperature and composition.

The fraction(s) of phase(s) present at specified temperature and composition.

The composition(s) of phase(s) present at a specified temperature and composition.

Question 5

Correct.

A liquidus line separates which of the following combinations of phase fields?

Liquid + α and α+ β

α and Liquid + α

Liquid and Liquid + α

α and α+ β
Question 6

Incorrect.

A solvus line separates which of the following pairs of phase fields?

Liquid and Liquid + α

α and α+ β

α and Liquid + α

Liquid + α and α+ β

Question 7

Your answer is correct.

From the list below, select four situations in which casting is the preferred fabrication technique.

(1) For large pieces and/or complicated shapes

(2) For alloys having low ductilities

(3) When the processing would be very precise

(4) When mechanical strength is not an important consideration

(5) When it is needed to join a large variety of metals and alloys

(6) When it is the most economical fabrication technique

(1), (2), (4), (6)

(1), (2), (4), (5)

(2), (3), (5), (6)

(2), (3), (4), (6)

(1), (3), (4), (5)

Question 8

Correct.

Forging operations normally take place at

 Room temperature

High temperatures

Low temperatures

Question 9

Correct.

Which of the following are forming operations?

Drawing

Powder metallurgy

Welding

Continuous casting

Extrusion

Die casting

Forging

Rolling

Question 10

Your answer is correct.

Is it possible to grind up and reuse phenol-formaldehyde?

No, it is not possible.

Yes, it is possible.

Question 11

Incorrect.

How does the electron structure of an isolated atom differ from that of a solid material?

Answer:
 An isolated atom has an electron band structure. Solid materials have discrete electron energy
states.
An isolated atom has discrete electron energy states. Solid materials have electron band
structures.
Question 12

Correct.

Which of ZnSe and GaAs has the larger band gap energy?

GaAs

ZnSe

Question 13

Correct.

Which type of charge carrier will be introduced into a semiconductor by the presence of an acceptor
impurity?

Electron

Hole

Question 14

Correct.

Which type of charge carrier will be introduced into a semiconductor by the presence of a donor
impurity?

Hole

Electron

Question 15

Correct.

For a semiconductor, when an electric field is applied, in which direction are the holes accelerated?
 In the same direction as the electric field.

Opposite to the direction of the electric field.

Question 16

Correct.

The electrical conductivity of an extrinsic semiconductor is

characteristic of the high-purity material.

due to the presence of impurities.

Question 17

Correct.

Are energies for electrons that participate in the conduction process (i.e., free electrons) greater or
less than the Fermi energy?

Less than

Greater than

Question 18

Correct.

Are energies for holes greater or less than the Fermi energy?

Greater than

Less than

Question 19

Correct.

An insulator has an energy band gap that is relatively

 narrow.

wide.

Question 20

Correct.

The electrical conductivity of an intrinsic semiconductor is

due to the presence of impurities.

characteristic of the high-purity material.

Question 21

Correct.

How do the electrical conductivities of metals compare with those of semiconductors?

σMetals > σSemiconductors

σMetals =σSemiconductors

σMetals < σSemiconductors

Question 22

Correct.

For an n-type semiconductor, which type of charge carrier is present in the greater concentration?

Electron

Hole

Question 23

Correct.

For an n-type semiconductor

 Concentrationelectrons < concentrationholes

Concentrationelectrons =Concentrationholes

Concentrationelectrons > Concentrationholes

Question 24

Correct.

For a p-type semiconductor, which type of charge carrier is present in the greater concentration?

Electrons

Holes

Question 25

Correct.

For a p-type semiconductor

Concentrationelectrons < concentrationholes

Concentrationelectrons =Concentrationholes

Concentrationelectrons > Concentrationholes

Question 26

Correct.

In order for a semiconductor to exhibit extrinsic electrical characteristics, relatively high impurity
concentrations are required.

True

False

Question 27

Correct.

A semiconductor has an energy band gap that is relatively

 narrow.

wide.

Question 28

Correct.

How does increasing temperature affect the concentration of both electrons and holes in an intrinsic
semiconductor?

May increase and/or decrease the concentration, depending on the temperature range.

Increases the concentration.

Decreases the concentration.

Practice Question: Binary Eutectic Systems I

Correct!

Using Animated Figure 9.8, determine which of the phases/phase combinations listed below will be
present for an alloy of composition 46 wt% Sn - 54 wt% Pb that is at equilibrium at 44°C?
 liquid

beta

beta + liquid

alpha + beta + liquid

alpha + beta

alpha

alpha + liquid

Practice Question: Binary Eutectic Systems II

Correct!

Using the Animated Figure 9.8, determine which of the phases/phase combinations listed below will be
present for an alloy of composition 77 wt% Sn - 23 wt% Pb that is at equilibrium at 190°C?

beta + liquid

alpha

alpha + liquid

alpha + beta

alpha + beta + liquid

beta

liquid

Practice Question: Development of Microstructure in Eutectic Alloys

Correct!

Using the Animated Figure 9.8, for an alloy of composition 25 wt% Sn - 75 wt% Pb, select the
phase(s) present and their composition(s) at 200°C.

L = 25 wt% Sn - 75 wt% Pb; α = 25 wt% Sn - 75 wt% Pb

α = 17 wt% Sn - 83 wt% Pb; β = 55.7 wt% Sn - 44.3 wt% P

α = 17 wt% Sn - 83 wt% Pb; L = 55.7 wt% Sn - 44.3 wt% Pb

 α = 18.3 wt% Sn - 81.7 wt% Pb; β = 97.8 wt% Sn - 2.2 wt% Pb

Practice Question: Eutectoid Reactions

Correct!

A eutectoid reaction involves which of the following phases?

Three solid

Two liquids and one solid

One liquid and one solid

One liquid and two solid

Problem 9.16

Your answer is correct.

For an alloy of composition 50 wt% Zn-50 wt% Cu, what phase(s) is (are) present at 1000°C and
what is (are) the mass fraction(s) of the phase(s)? You may find the Animated Figure 9.19 (the Cu-Zn
phase diagram) helpful.

β' and γ phases

α phase

β and γ phases

β phase

Liquid phase
Problem 9.76

Your answer is correct.

The mass fraction of eutectoid cementite in a hypereutectoid iron-carbon alloy (just below its
eutectoid temperature) is 0.104. On the basis of this information, determine the composition of the
alloy. If it is not possible to determine the composition from the information provided, enter 0.

1.11003 wt% C
Problem 9.77

Your answer is incorrect.

The mass fraction of eutectoid ferrite in a hypoeutectoid iron-carbon alloy (just below its eutectoid
temperature) is 0.854. On the basis of this information, determine the composition of the alloy. If it is
not possible to determine the composition from the information provided, enter 0.

0 wt% C

Supplemental Question: Eutectoid reaction

Correct.

A eutectoid reaction involves which of the following phases?

One liquid and one solid

One liquid and two solid

Two liquids and one solid

Three solid

Supplemental Question: Liquidus line

Correct.

A liquidus line separates which of the following combinations of phase fields?

α and Liquid + α

α and α+ β

Liquid + α and α+ β

Liquid and Liquid + α

Supplemental Question: Peritectic reaction

Correct.

A peritectic reaction involves which of the following combinations of phase fields?

 One liquid and one solid

One liquid and two solid

Two liquids and one solid

Three solid

Supplemental Question: Phases present at eutectic point

Correct.

At a eutectic point on a binary temperature-composition phase diagram, how many phases are
present when the system is at equilibrium?

Supplemental Question: Solvus line

Correct.

A solvus line separates which of the following pairs of phase fields?

Liquid and Liquid + α

α and Liquid + α

α and α+ β

Liquid + α and α+ β
#1 (take note, different values given) swerte if same given d2 kasi tama to :D
#3, di ko sure yung Part 2 & onwards…sad 
Problem 2.18

Correct.

The net potential energy between two adjacent ions, EN, may be represented by

Where A, B, and n are constants whose values depend on the particular ionic system.

Calculate the bonding energy E0 in terms of the parameters A, B, and n using the following procedure:
(1) Differentiate EN with respect to r, and then set the resulting expression equal to zero, since the
curve of EN versus r is a minimum at E0.
(2) Solve for r in terms of A, B, and n, which yields r0, the equilibrium interionic spacing.
(3) Determine the expression for E0 by substitution of r0 into the above equation for EN. Which of the
following equations represents the expression for E0?
Problem 6.24 (GO Multistep)

A cylindrical rod 100 mm long and having a diameter of 10.0 mm is to be deformed using a tensile
load of 27,500 N. It must not experience either plastic deformation or a diameter reduction of more
than 7.5×10-3 mm. Of the materials listed as follows, which are possible candidates? Justify your
choice(s).

Material Modulus of Elasticity(GPa) Yield Strength (MPa) Poisson's Ratio

Aluminum alloy 70 200 0.33

Brass alloy 101 300 0.34

Steel alloy 207 400 0.30

Titanium alloy 107 650 0.34

Part 1

Excellent!

What is the stress in MPa in the cylindrical rod?

σ= 350 MPa

Problem 6.24 (GO Multistep)

A cylindrical rod 100 mm long and having a diameter of 10.0 mm is to be deformed using a tensile
load of 27,500 N. It must not experience either plastic deformation or a diameter reduction of more
than 7.5×10-3 mm. Of the materials listed as follows, which are possible candidates? Justify your
choice(s).

Material Modulus of Elasticity(GPa) Yield Strength (MPa) Poisson's Ratio

Aluminum alloy 70 200 0.33

Brass alloy 101 300 0.34

Steel alloy 207 400 0.30

Titanium alloy 107 650 0.34

Part 2

Well done!

Which materials would be acceptable for this design based upon the answer to Step One? (Select all
materials that are acceptable.)

steel alloy

titanium alloy

aluminum alloy

brass alloy

Problem 6.24 (GO Multistep)

A cylindrical rod 100 mm long and having a diameter of 10.0 mm is to be deformed using a tensile
load of 27,500 N. It must not experience either plastic deformation or a diameter reduction of more
than 7.5×10-3 mm. Of the materials listed as follows, which are possible candidates? Justify your
choice(s).

Material Modulus of Elasticity(GPa) Yield Strength (MPa) Poisson's Ratio

Aluminum alloy 70 200 0.33

Brass alloy 101 300 0.34

Steel alloy 207 400 0.30

Titanium alloy 107 650 0.34

Part 3

Excellent!

Calculate the change in diameter, Δd, in mm, for each of the alloys the meet the first design criterion
as determined in Steps 1 and 2.

What is Δd, in mm, for the:

a) steel alloy?
b) titanium alloy?

a) Δd = -0.0051 mm

b) Δd = -0.0111 mm

Problem 6.24 (GO Multistep)

A cylindrical rod 100 mm long and having a diameter of 10.0 mm is to be deformed using a tensile
load of 27,500 N. It must not experience either plastic deformation or a diameter reduction of more
than 7.5×10-3 mm. Of the materials listed as follows, which are possible candidates? Justify your
choice(s).

Material Modulus of Elasticity(GPa) Yield Strength (MPa) Poisson's Ratio

Aluminum alloy 70 200 0.33

Brass alloy 101 300 0.34

Steel alloy 207 400 0.30

Titanium alloy 107 650 0.34

Part 4

Excellent!

Which of the steel and titanium alloys also meets the second criterion?

neither alloy

both alloys

steel alloy

titanium alloy

Problem 19.13

Correct.

To what temperature (in °C) must a cylindrical rod of one metal 10.082 mm in diameter and a plate of
second metal having a circular hole 9.985 mm in diameter have to be heated for the rod to just fit into
the hole? Assume that the initial temperature is 24°C and that the linear expansion coefficient values
for metals one and two are 4.8 x 10-6 (°C)-1 and 18 x 10-6 (°C)-1, respectively.

762.561 °C

Question 3, Part 1

Determine the relative amounts (in terms of volume fractions) for a 15 wt% Sn-85 wt% Pb alloy at
100°C. The densities of tin and lead at 100°C are given as follows:

ρSn = 7.29 g/cm3

ρPb = 11.27 g/cm3

You may also want to use Animated Figure 9.8.

Part 1

Your answer is correct.

What phase(s) is(are) present for an alloy of this composition?

See Animated Figure 9.8

alpha + liquid phases

beta phase

beta + liquid phases

liquid phase

alpha phase

alpha + beta phases

Question 4

Correct.

Which of the following kinds of information may be determined with the aid of a phase diagram?

The fraction(s) of phase(s) present at specified temperature and composition.

The phase(s) present at a specified temperature and composition.

The composition(s) of phase(s) present at a specified temperature and composition.

Question 5

Correct.

A liquidus line separates which of the following combinations of phase fields?

α and α+ β

Liquid + α and α+ β

Liquid and Liquid + α

α and Liquid + α

Question 6

Correct.

A solvus line separates which of the following pairs of phase fields?

 Liquid and Liquid + α

Liquid + α and α+ β

α and Liquid + α

α and α+ β

Question 7

Your answer is correct.

From the list below, select four situations in which casting is the preferred fabrication technique.

(1) When the processing would be very precise

(2) For large pieces and/or complicated shapes

(3) When mechanical strength is not an important consideration

(4) For metals having high melting temperatures

(5) For alloys having low ductilities

(6) When it is the most economical fabrication technique

(2), (3), (5), (6)

(1), (2), (4), (6)

(1), (3), (4), (5)

(2), (3), (4), (6)

(1), (2), (4), (5)

Question 8

Correct.

Forging operations normally take place at

High temperatures
 Room temperature

Low temperatures

Question 9

Correct.

Which of the following are forming operations?

Welding

Extrusion

Continuous casting

Rolling

Drawing

Die casting

Powder metallurgy

Forging

Question 10

Your answer is correct.

Is it possible to grind up and reuse phenol-formaldehyde?

Yes, it is possible.

No, it is not possible.

Question 11

Correct.

How does the electron structure of an isolated atom differ from that of a solid material?

Answer:

An isolated atom has an electron band structure. Solid materials have discrete electron energy
states.
 An isolated atom has discrete electron energy states. Solid materials have electron band
structures.
Question 12

Correct.

Which of ZnSe and CdTe has the larger band gap energy?

ZnSe

CdTe

Question 13

Correct.

Which type of charge carrier will be introduced into a semiconductor by the presence of an acceptor
impurity?

Electron

Hole

Question 14

Correct.

Which type of charge carrier will be introduced into a semiconductor by the presence of a donor
impurity?

Hole

Electron

Question 15

Correct.

For a semiconductor, when an electric field is applied, in which direction are the holes accelerated?

Opposite to the direction of the electric field.

 In the same direction as the electric field.

Question 16

Correct.

The electrical conductivity of an extrinsic semiconductor is

due to the presence of impurities.

characteristic of the high-purity material.

Question 17

Correct.

Are energies for electrons that participate in the conduction process (i.e., free electrons) greater or
less than the Fermi energy?

Greater than

Less than

Question 18

Correct.

Are energies for holes greater or less than the Fermi energy?

Greater than

Less than

Question 19

Correct.

An insulator has an energy band gap that is relatively

 wide.

narrow.

Question 20

Correct.

The electrical conductivity of an intrinsic semiconductor is

characteristic of the high-purity material.

due to the presence of impurities.

Question 21

Correct.

How do the electrical conductivities of metals compare with those of semiconductors?

σMetals > σSemiconductors

σMetals =σSemiconductors

σMetals < σSemiconductors

Question 22

Correct.

For an n-type semiconductor, which type of charge carrier is present in the greater concentration?

Hole

Electron

Question 23

Correct.

For an n-type semiconductor

 Concentrationelectrons < concentrationholes

Concentrationelectrons =Concentrationholes

Concentrationelectrons > Concentrationholes

Question 24

Correct.

For a p-type semiconductor, which type of charge carrier is present in the greater concentration?

Electrons

Holes

Question 25

Correct.

For a p-type semiconductor

Concentrationelectrons < concentrationholes

Concentrationelectrons =Concentrationholes

Concentrationelectrons > Concentrationholes

Question 26

Correct.

In order for a semiconductor to exhibit extrinsic electrical characteristics, relatively high impurity
concentrations are required.

True

False

Question 27

Correct.

A semiconductor has an energy band gap that is relatively

 wide.

narrow.

Question 28

Correct.

How does increasing temperature affect the concentration of both electrons and holes in an intrinsic
semiconductor?

May increase and/or decrease the concentration, depending on the temperature range.

Increases the concentration.

Decreases the concentration.

Question 1

Correct!

Using Animated Figure 9.8, determine which of the phases/phase combinations listed below will be
present for an alloy of composition 46 wt% Sn - 54 wt% Pb that is at equilibrium at 44°C?

alpha + beta

liquid

alpha + beta + liquid

alpha

beta

alpha + liquid

beta + liquid

Question 2

Correct!

Using the Animated Figure 9.8, determine which of the phases/phase combinations listed below will be
present for an alloy of composition 77 wt% Sn - 23 wt% Pb that is at equilibrium at 190°C?
 alpha + liquid

liquid

alpha + beta + liquid

alpha

beta + liquid

alpha + beta

beta

Question 3

Correct!

Using the Animated Figure 9.8, for an alloy of composition 25 wt% Sn - 75 wt% Pb, select the
phase(s) present and their composition(s) at 200°C.

α = 18.3 wt% Sn - 81.7 wt% Pb; β = 97.8 wt% Sn - 2.2 wt% Pb

α = 17 wt% Sn - 83 wt% Pb; β = 55.7 wt% Sn - 44.3 wt% P

α = 17 wt% Sn - 83 wt% Pb; L = 55.7 wt% Sn - 44.3 wt% Pb

L = 25 wt% Sn - 75 wt% Pb; α = 25 wt% Sn - 75 wt% Pb

Question 4

Correct!

A eutectoid reaction involves which of the following phases?

Two liquids and one solid

One liquid and two solid

Three solid

One liquid and one solid

Question 5

Your answer is correct.

For an alloy of composition 50 wt% Zn-50 wt% Cu, what phase(s) is (are) present at 1000°C and
what is (are) the mass fraction(s) of the phase(s)? You may find the Animated Figure 9.19 (the Cu-Zn
phase diagram) helpful.

β and γ phases

β' and γ phases

Liquid phase

α phase

β phase

Question 5

Your answer is correct.

For an alloy of composition 50 wt% Zn-50 wt% Cu, what phase(s) is (are) present at 1000°C and
what is (are) the mass fraction(s) of the phase(s)? You may find the Animated Figure 9.19 (the Cu-Zn
phase diagram) helpful.

β and γ phases

β' and γ phases

Liquid phase

α phase

β phase
Question 8

Your answer is correct.

The mass fraction of eutectoid cementite in a hypereutectoid iron-carbon alloy (just below its
eutectoid temperature) is 0.100. On the basis of this information, determine the composition of the
alloy. If it is not possible to determine the composition from the information provided, enter 0.

1.32502 wt% C
Question 9

Your answer is incorrect.

The mass fraction of eutectoid ferrite in a hypereutectoid iron-carbon alloy (just below its eutectoid
temperature) is 0.858. On the basis of this information, determine the composition of the alloy. If it is
not possible to determine the composition from the information provided, enter 0.

0.7338 wt% C

Question 10

Correct.

A eutectoid reaction involves which of the following phases?

One liquid and one solid

One liquid and two solid

Two liquids and one solid

Three solid

Question 11

Correct.

A liquidus line separates which of the following combinations of phase fields?

α and α+ β

Liquid and Liquid + α

Liquid + α and α+ β

α and Liquid + α

Question 12

Incorrect.

A peritectic reaction involves which of the following combinations of phase fields?

 One liquid and one solid

One liquid and two solid

Two liquids and one solid

Three solid

Question 13

Correct.

At a eutectic point on a binary temperature-composition phase diagram, how many phases are
present when the system is at equilibrium?

Question 14

Correct.

A solvus line separates which of the following pairs of phase fields?

Liquid and Liquid + α

α and α+ β

Liquid + α and α+ β

α and Liquid + α

Component of Material

This factor is not a component of a material

 Processing

Crystallinity

Properties

Performance

Property of Material

This is not a property of a Material

Mechanical

Electrical

Heat Transfer

Optical

Property of Material

Substances in which measured properties are independent of the direction of measurement

Anisotropic

Bitropic

Isotropic

Multitropic

none of the above

Materials Science and Engineering

1.Tries to create a new material with the desired properties based on an existing material with similar
properties

Materials Scientist and Engineers

 Industrial Engineer

Civil Engineer

Chef

Classification of Materials

One basic classification of a material

Composite

Plastics

Alloys

Metals

Classification of Materials

Which of the following has the highest resistance to fracture?

Polymers

Ceramics

Metals

Composites

Property of Material

Relate to the chemical reactivity of materials.

Mechanical

Electrical

Thermal

Deteriorative
Characteristics of Materials

Defined as the characteristic of a material that differentiate it from other materials. It is independent
on its size and shape

Property of a Material

Structure of a Material

Process of a Material

Performance of a Material

none of the above

Forces in Atoms

At the state of equilibrium, the repulsive force is equal to

The frictional force

The attractive force

The buoyant force

The resultant force

Atomic Model

Which atomic model is currently used to describe the wave particle duality of electrons?

Bohr atomic model

Rutherford's model

Quantum theory

String theory

Types of Bonds
Type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions

Metallic bond

Ionic bond

Covalent bond

Capillary bond

Bonds in Atoms

Two atoms that are bonded with this bond will each contribute at least one electron to the bond, and
the shared electrons may be considered to belong to both atoms

Covalent bond

Metallic bond

Mechanical bond

Ionic bond

none of the above

Atoms in FCC Structure

How many atoms can be contained in an FCC structure?

Structure of FCC

If the radius of a face centered cubic crystal is half the length of its unit cell edge, then the
relationship of the FCC?s radius and edge length is
 a=piR^2

a=R

a=2.5R

Nonexistent because the structure cannot be formed

none of the above

Structure of BCC

If the radius of the body centered cubic crystal is SQRT(3) Angstrom (A) then the unit edge is

2A

4A

3A

16A

Atoms in Hexagonal Systems

How many atoms can be contained in an Hexagonal Closed Pack Structure?

Basic Building Block of Crystal Structure

Basic structural unit or building block of the crystal structure and defines the crystal structure by
virtue of its geometry and the atom positions within
 Building unit

Cubicle

Crystal cell

Unit cell

Edge length and Radius of the Atom

If the radius of a face centered cubic crystal is 1 Angstrom (A), then the unit edge is

a=R^2

a=2

a=1

a=2Sqrt(2)

Mechanical Property

In metals, the stress level at which plastic deformation begins

Linear Point

Plastic Deformation Point

Failure Point

Proportional Limit

none of the above

Mechanical Property

The slope of the linear part of the stress-strain curve in the elastic region.

Young's Modulus

Tensile Modulus
 Strain Modulus

none of the above

Mechanical Property

This law states that in the linear part of the stress-strain curve, the slope of the linear part is equal to
the Young's Modulus

Ohm's Law

Young's Law

Hooke's Law

none of the above

Mechanical Property

This is the point in the stress-strain curve wherein breaking occurs

Fracture

Ultimate Tensile Strength

Proportional Limit

BreakUp Point

none of the above

Mechanical Property

This modulus may be thought of as stiffness, or a material's resistance to elastic deformation

Ohm's Modulus

Young's Modulus

Modulus of Inelasticity
 none of the above

Mechanical Property

Force or load per unit area of cross-section over which the force or load is acting

Stress

Strain

Tensile Force

Shear Force

none of the above

Mechanical Property

Defined as the ratio of lateral and axial strains

Young's Ratio

Capacitive Ratio

Poisson's Ratio

none of the above

Electrochemical Consideration

Reaction in which the electrons from the anodic region is transferred and become part of another
chemical species

Oxidation

Reduction

Electromigration

Superconduction
 none of the above

Oxidation

This process will form nonmetallic films or scales in metals

Oxidation

Reduction

Electromigration

Superconduction

none of the above

Electrochemical Consideration

This process will result in the loss of electrons in metals

Oxidation

Reduction

Electromigration

Superconduction

none of the above

Electrical Properties

This material property is indirectly proportional to conductivity

Resistance

Resistivity

Conductance

Capacitance
 none of the above

Electrical Properties

Law that states that the voltage applied to the material is directly proportional to the current passing
through the material

Capacitive Law

Mho's Law

Ohm's Law

Resistive Law

none of the above

Ohm's Law

If the voltage applied to a material is 220 V and the current passing through it is 1 ampere, what is
the resistance of the material?

22.2 ohms

220 ohms

2.2 ohms

0.5 ohms

none of the above

Capacitance

The unit of Capacitance is

Ohms

Farad

Volts
 Amperes

none of the above

Capacitance

For a parallel plate capacitor, increasing the dielectric constant will increase the

Voltage

Resistance

Inductance

Capacitance

none of the above

Thermal Property

Stress induced in a body as a result of slow changes in temperature

Thermal Shock

Thermal Stress

Thermal annealing

Thermal Tempering

none of the above

Thermal Property

If the change in temperature of a certain 1 meter aluminum wire is 100 deg Celsius, what is the
change in its length? (Alpha = 23.6 x 10^-6/deg C)

23.6 x 10^4 m

23.6 x 10^-4 m
 2.36 x 10^-4 m

0.236 x 10^-4 m

none of the above

Thermal Property

It represents the amount of energy required to produce a unit temperature rise.

Heat Capacity

Calories

Heat

Joule

none of the above

Magnetic Property

This kind of magnetic field is weak and attracts towards the external magnetic field applied to the
material

Diamagnetic

Paramagnetic

Ferrimagnetic

Ferromagnetic

none of the above

Magnetic Property

This kind of magnetic field is strong and exists even without the presence of external magnetic field

Paramagnetic
 Ferromagnetic

Diamagnetic

none of the above

Magnetic Property

This kind of magnetic field is weak and opposes the external magnetic field applied to the material

Diamagnetic

Paramagnetic

Ferrimagnetic

Ferromagnetic

none of the above

Energy of Light

If the frequency of the light source is 10 hertz, the energy of the light is

6.63 x 10^33 J

3.33 x 10^6 J

3.33 x 10^3 J

6.63 x 10^-33 J

Optical Properties

Describes how light propagates through a medium

Refractive Index

Reflective Index

Capacitance
 Index of luminosity

none of the above

Optical Properties

Phenomenon wherein the absorbed energy of the material is reemitted as visible light. The interval
between absorption and reemission is greater than 1 second

Luminiscence

Transluscence

Phosphorescence

Transparence

none of the above

Optical Properties

Materials that are capable of transmitting light with relatively little absorption and reflection

Phosphorescent

Transparent

Opaque

Flourescent

none of the above

Speed of Light

If the wavelength of light is 1 x 10^8 m, its frequency is

1/3 m

3m
3 hertz

1/3 hertz

none of the above

Question 1

Correct!

The nucleus of an atom contains which of the following?

A. Protons

B. Electrons

C. Neutrons

D. All the above

E. Both A and C

Question 2

Correct!

What is the predominant type of bonding for titanium (Ti)?

Covalent

van der Waals

Metallic

Ionic

Hydrogen

Question 3

Correct.
The net potential energy between two adjacent ions, EN, may be represented by

Where A, B, and n are constants whose values depend on the particular ionic system.

Calculate the bonding energy E0 in terms of the parameters A, B, and n using the following procedure:
(1) Differentiate EN with respect to r, and then set the resulting expression equal to zero, since the
curve of EN versus r is a minimum at E0.
(2) Solve for r in terms of A, B, and n, which yields r0, the equilibrium interionic spacing.
(3) Determine the expression for E0 by substitution of r0 into the above equation for EN. Which of the
following equations represents the expression for E0?

Question 4

Your answer is correct.

What type(s) of bonding would be expected for brass (a copper–zinc alloy)?

van der Waals bonding

 Ionic bonding

Metallic bonding

Covalent bonding with some van der Waals bonding

Question 5

Your answer is correct.

What type(s) of bonding would be expected for rubber?

van der Waals bonding

Ionic bonding

Metallic bonding

Covalent bonding with some van der Waals bonding

Question 6

Correct.

The atomic mass of an atom may be expressed as the sum of the masses of (Choose all that apply)

Protons

Electrons

Neutrons

Question 7

Correct.

The atomic number of an electrically neutral atom is equal to the number of:
Choose all that apply.
 Protons

Electrons

Neutrons

Question 8

Type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions

Metallic bond

Ionic bond

Covalent bond

Capillary bond

Question 9

Two atoms that are bonded with this bond will each contribute at least one electron to the bond, and
the shared electrons may be considered to belong to both atoms

Covalent bond

Metallic bond

Mechanical bond
 Ionic bond

none of the above

Question 10

Correct!

Which of the following materials may form crystalline solids?

Ceramics

All the these

None of the these

Polymers

Metals

Question 11

Correct.

What is the difference between atomic structure and crystal structure?

Atomic structure relates to the number of electrons.

Crystal structure pertains to the type of atomic bonding in the crystalline solid material.

Atomic structure relates to the type of atomic bonding.

Crystal structure pertains to the arrangement of atoms in the crystalline solid material.

Atomic structure relates to the arrangement of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Crystal structure pertains to the electron structure of the individual atoms.

Atomic structure relates to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom, as
well as the number and probability distributions of the constituent electrons.
Crystal structure pertains to the arrangement of atoms in the crystalline solid material.
 Atomic structure relates to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Crystal structure pertains to the number and probability distributions of the electrons.

Question 12

Basic structural unit or building block of the crystal structure and defines the crystal structure by
virtue of its geometry and the atom positions within

Building unit

Cubicle

Crystal cell

Unit cell

Question 13

Your answer is correct.

A steel rod is pulled in tension with a stress that is less than the yield strength. The modulus of
elasticity may be calculated as

Axial stress times axial strain

Axial load divided by change in length

Axial stress divided by axial strain

Axial stress divided by change in length

Question 14

Your answer is correct.

A cylindrical specimen of brass that has a diameter of 20 mm, a tensile modulus of 110 GPa, and a
Poisson’s ratio of 0.35 is pulled in tension with force of 40,000 N. If the deformation is totally elastic,
what is the strain experienced by the specimen?

0.00463

0.0029

0.01350

0.00116

Question 15

Your answer is correct.

A specimen of steel has a rectangular cross section 20 mm wide and 40 mm thick, an elastic modulus
of 207 GPa, and a Poisson’s ratio of 0.30. If this specimen is pulled in tension with a force of 60,000
N, what is the change in width if deformation is totally elastic?

Decrease in width of 2.18 x 10-6 m

Decrease in width of 7.24 x 10-6 m

Increase in width of 3.62 x 10-6 m

Increase in width of 7.24 x 10-6 m

Question 16

The slope of the linear part of the stress-strain curve in the elastic region.

Young's Modulus
 Tensile Modulus

Strain Modulus

none of the above

Question 17

Defined as the ratio of lateral and axial strains

Young's Ratio

Capacitive Ratio

Poisson's Ratio

none of the above

Question 18

This is the point in the stress-strain curve wherein breaking occurs

Fracture

Ultimate Tensile Strength

Proportional Limit

BreakUp Point

none of the above

Question 19
This law states that in the linear part of the stress-strain curve, the slope of the linear part is equal to
the Young's Modulus

Ohm's Law

Young's Law

Hooke's Law

none of the above

Question 20

This modulus may be thought of as stiffness, or a material's resistance to elastic deformation

Ohm's Modulus

Young's Modulus

Modulus of Inelasticity

none of the above

Question 21

Force or load per unit area of cross-section over which the force or load is acting

Stress
 Strain

Tensile Force

Shear Force

none of the above

Question 22

In metals, the stress level at which plastic deformation begins

Linear Point

Plastic Deformation Point

Failure Point

Proportional Limit

none of the above

Question 23

For a parallel plate capacitor, increasing the dielectric constant will increase the

Voltage

Resistance

Inductance

Capacitance
 none of the above

Question 24

This material property is indirectly proportional to conductivity

Resistance

Resistivity

Conductance

Capacitance

none of the above

Question 25

Law that states that the voltage applied to the material is directly proportional to the current passing
through the material

Capacitive Law

Mho's Law

Ohm's Law

Resistive Law

none of the above

Question 26
The unit of Capacitance is

Ohms

Farad

Volts

Amperes

none of the above

Question 27

If the voltage applied to a material is 220 V and the current passing through it is 1 ampere, what is
the resistance of the material?

22.2 ohms

220 ohms

2.2 ohms

0.5 ohms

none of the above

MIDTERMS

Question 1

correct

This factor is not a component of a material

 Processing

Crystallinity

Properties

Performance

Question 2

correct

This is not a property of a Material

Mechanical

Electrical

Heat Transfer

Optical

Question 3

correct

Substances in which measured properties are independent of the direction of measurement

Anisotropic

Bitropic

Isotropic
 Multitropic

none of the above

Question 4

correct

1.Tries to create a new material with the desired properties based on an existing material with similar
properties

Materials Scientist and Engineers

Industrial Engineer

Civil Engineer

Chef

Question 5

correct

One basic classification of a material

Composite

Plastics

Alloys

Metals

Question 6

correct
Which of the following has the highest resistance to fracture?

Polymers

Ceramics

Metals

Composites

Question 7

correct

Relate to the chemical reactivity of materials.

Mechanical

Electrical

Thermal

Deteriorative

Question 8

correct

Defined as the characteristic of a material that differentiate it from other materials. It is independent
on its size and shape

Property of a Material

Structure of a Material
 Process of a Material

Performance of a Material

none of the above

Question 9

correct

At the state of equilibrium, the repulsive force is equal to

The frictional force

The attractive force

The buoyant force

The resultant force

Question 10

correct

Which atomic model is currently used to describe the wave particle duality of electrons?

Bohr atomic model

Rutherford's model

Quantum theory

String theory

Question 11

correct
Type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions

Metallic bond

Ionic bond

Covalent bond

Capillary bond

Question 12

correct

Two atoms that are bonded with this bond will each contribute at least one electron to the bond, and
the shared electrons may be considered to belong to both atoms

Covalent bond

Metallic bond

Mechanical bond

Ionic bond

none of the above

Question 13

correct

How many atoms can be contained in an FCC structure?

1
 2

Question 14

correct

If the radius of a face centered cubic crystal is half the length of its unit cell edge, then the
relationship of the FCC?s radius and edge length is

a=piR^2

a=R

a=2.5R

Nonexistent because the structure cannot be formed

none of the above

Question 15

correct

If the radius of the body centered cubic crystal is SQRT(3) Angstrom (A) then the unit edge is

2A

4A

3A

16A

Question 16
 correct

How many atoms can be contained in an Hexagonal Closed Pack Structure?

Question 17

correct

Basic structural unit or building block of the crystal structure and defines the crystal structure by
virtue of its geometry and the atom positions within

Building unit

Cubicle

Crystal cell

Unit cell

Question 18

correct

If the radius of a face centered cubic crystal is 1 Angstrom (A), then the unit edge is
 a=R^2

a=2

a=1

a=2Sqrt(2)

Question 19

correct

In metals, the stress level at which plastic deformation begins

Linear Point

Plastic Deformation Point

Failure Point

Proportional Limit

none of the above

Question 20

correct

The slope of the linear part of the stress-strain curve in the elastic region.

Young's Modulus

Tensile Modulus

Strain Modulus

none of the above

Question 21

correct

This law states that in the linear part of the stress-strain curve, the slope of the linear part is equal to
the Young's Modulus

Ohm's Law

Young's Law

Hooke's Law

none of the above

Question 22

correct

This is the point in the stress-strain curve wherein breaking occurs

Fracture

Ultimate Tensile Strength

Proportional Limit

BreakUp Point

none of the above

Question 23

correct

This modulus may be thought of as stiffness, or a material's resistance to elastic deformation

 Ohm's Modulus

Young's Modulus

Modulus of Inelasticity

none of the above

Question 24

correct

Force or load per unit area of cross-section over which the force or load is acting

Stress

Strain

Tensile Force

Shear Force

none of the above

Question 25

correct

Defined as the ratio of lateral and axial strains

Young's Ratio

Capacitive Ratio

Poisson's Ratio
 none of the above

Question 26

correct

Reaction in which the electrons from the anodic region is transferred and become part of another
chemical species

Oxidation

Reduction

Electromigration

Superconduction

none of the above

Question 27

correct

This material property is indirectly proportional to conductivity

Resistance

Resistivity

Conductance

Capacitance

none of the above

Question 28

correct
Law that states that the voltage applied to the material is directly proportional to the current passing
through the material

Capacitive Law

Mho's Law

Ohm's Law

Resistive Law

none of the above

Question 29

correct

If the voltage applied to a material is 220 V and the current passing through it is 1 ampere, what is
the resistance of the material?

22.2 ohms

220 ohms

2.2 ohms

0.5 ohms

none of the above

Question 30

correct

The unit of Capacitance is

 Ohms

Farad

Volts

Amperes

none of the above

Question 31

correct

For a parallel plate capacitor, increasing the dielectric constant will increase the

Voltage

Resistance

Inductance

Capacitance

none of the above

Question 32

correct

Stress induced in a body as a result of slow changes in temperature

Thermal Shock

Thermal Stress
 Thermal annealing

Thermal Tempering

none of the above

Question 33

correct

If the change in temperature of a certain 1 meter aluminum wire is 100 deg Celsius, what is the
change in its length? (Alpha = 23.6 x 10^-6/deg C)

23.6 x 10^4 m

23.6 x 10^-4 m

2.36 x 10^-4 m

0.236 x 10^-4 m

none of the above

Question 34

correct

It represents the amount of energy required to produce a unit temperature rise.

Heat Capacity

Calories

Heat

Joule
 none of the above

Question 35

correct

This kind of magnetic field is weak and attracts towards the external magnetic field applied to the
material

Diamagnetic

Paramagnetic

Ferrimagnetic

Ferromagnetic

none of the above

Question 36

correct

This kind of magnetic field is strong and exists even without the presence of external magnetic field

Paramagnetic

Ferromagnetic

Diamagnetic

none of the above

Question 37

correct

This kind of magnetic field is weak and opposes the external magnetic field applied to the material
 Diamagnetic

Paramagnetic

Ferrimagnetic

Ferromagnetic

none of the above

Question 38

correct

If the frequency of the light source is 10 hertz, the energy of the light is

6.63 x 10^33 J

3.33 x 10^6 J

3.33 x 10^3 J

6.63 x 10^-33 J

Question 39

correct

Describes how light propagates through a medium

Refractive Index

Reflective Index
 Capacitance

Index of luminosity

none of the above

Question 40

correct

Phenomenon wherein the absorbed energy of the material is reemitted as visible light. The interval
between absorption and reemission is greater than 1 second

Luminiscence

Transluscence

Phosphorescence

Transparence

none of the above

Question 41

correct

Materials that are capable of transmitting light with relatively little absorption and reflection

Phosphorescent

Transparent

Opaque

Flourescent
 none of the above

Question 42

correct

If the wavelength of light is 1 x 10^8 m, its frequency is

1/3 m

3m

3 hertz

1/3 hertz

none of the above

Question 43

Correct.

Consider a schematic stress-strain plot on which are plotted two curves—one for a typical metal tested
in tension, the other for the same metal in compression. In the following list, check those items that
correctly describe differences between characteristics of these curves.

The compression curve will not display a maximum as it will not experience necking.

Beyond the elastic region, the tension curve lies below the compression curve.

The strain at failure will be greater for tension.

The initial linear (elastic) portions have different slopes.

The strain at failure will be greater for compression.

Question 44, Part 1

Compute the elastic modulus for the following metal alloys, whose stress-strain behaviors may be
observed in the "Tensile Tests" module of Virtual Materials Science and Engineering (VMSE): (a)
titanium, (b) tempered steel, (c) aluminum, and (d) carbon steel. How do these values compare with
those presented in Table 6.1 for the same metals?

Part 1

Your answer is partially correct.

a) What is the elastic modulus of titanium in GPa using the data from VMSE?
b) What is the elastic modulus of titanium in GPa from Table 6.1?

a) E = 100.5 GPa

b) E = 107 GPa

Question 44, Part 2

Compute the elastic modulus for the following metal alloys, whose stress-strain behaviors may be
observed in the "Tensile Tests" module of Virtual Materials Science and Engineering (VMSE): (a)
titanium, (b) tempered steel, (c) aluminum, and (d) carbon steel. How do these values compare with
those presented in Table 6.1 for the same metals?

Part 2

Excellent!

a) What is the elastic modulus of tempered steel in GPa using the data from VMSE?
b) What is the elastic modulus of tempered steel (steel) in GPa from Table 6.1?

a) E = 203.7 GPa

b) E = 207 GPa

Question 44, Part 3

Compute the elastic modulus for the following metal alloys, whose stress-strain behaviors may be
observed in the "Tensile Tests" module of Virtual Materials Science and Engineering (VMSE): (a)
titanium, (b) tempered steel, (c) aluminum, and (d) carbon steel. How do these values compare with
those presented in Table 6.1 for the same metals?

Part 3

Excellent!

a) What is the elastic modulus of aluminum in GPa using the data from VMSE?
b) What is the elastic modulus of aluminum in GPa from Table 6.1?

a) E = 69.1 GPa

b) E = 69 GPa

Question 44, Part 4

Compute the elastic modulus for the following metal alloys, whose stress-strain behaviors may be
observed in the "Tensile Tests" module of Virtual Materials Science and Engineering (VMSE): (a)
titanium, (b) tempered steel, (c) aluminum, and (d) carbon steel. How do these values compare with
those presented in Table 6.1 for the same metals?

Part 4

Your answer is partially correct.

a) What is the elastic modulus of carbon steel in GPa using the data from VMSE?
b) What is the elastic modulus of carbon steel (steel) in GPa from Table 6.1?

a) E = 200.8 GPa

b) E = 207 GPa

Question 45, Part 1

A cylindrical rod 100 mm long and having a diameter of 10.0 mm is to be deformed using a tensile
load of 27,500 N. It must not experience either plastic deformation or a diameter reduction of more
than 7.5×10-3 mm. Of the materials listed as follows, which are possible candidates? Justify your
choice(s).

Material Modulus of Elasticity(GPa) Yield Strength (MPa) Poisson's Ratio

Aluminum alloy 70 200 0.33

Brass alloy 101 300 0.34

Steel alloy 207 400 0.30

Titanium alloy 107 650 0.34

Part 1

Excellent!

What is the stress in MPa in the cylindrical rod?

σ= 350 MPa

Question 45, Part 2

A cylindrical rod 100 mm long and having a diameter of 10.0 mm is to be deformed using a tensile
load of 27,500 N. It must not experience either plastic deformation or a diameter reduction of more
than 7.5×10-3 mm. Of the materials listed as follows, which are possible candidates? Justify your
choice(s).

Material Modulus of Elasticity(GPa) Yield Strength (MPa) Poisson's Ratio

Aluminum alloy 70 200 0.33

Brass alloy 101 300 0.34

Steel alloy 207 400 0.30

Titanium alloy 107 650 0.34

Part 2

Well done!

Which materials would be acceptable for this design based upon the answer to Step One? (Select all
materials that are acceptable.)

brass alloy

steel alloy

aluminum alloy

titanium alloy

Question 45, Part 3

A cylindrical rod 100 mm long and having a diameter of 10.0 mm is to be deformed using a tensile
load of 27,500 N. It must not experience either plastic deformation or a diameter reduction of more
than 7.5×10-3 mm. Of the materials listed as follows, which are possible candidates? Justify your
choice(s).

Material Modulus of Elasticity(GPa) Yield Strength (MPa) Poisson's Ratio

Aluminum alloy 70 200 0.33

Brass alloy 101 300 0.34

Steel alloy 207 400 0.30

Titanium alloy 107 650 0.34

Part 3

Excellent!

Calculate the change in diameter, Δd, in mm, for each of the alloys that meet the first design criterion
as determined in Steps 1 and 2.

What is Δd, in mm, for the:

a) steel alloy?
b) titanium alloy?

a) Δd = -0.0051 mm

b) Δd = -0.0111 mm

Question 45, Part 4

A cylindrical rod 100 mm long and having a diameter of 10.0 mm is to be deformed using a tensile
load of 27,500 N. It must not experience either plastic deformation or a diameter reduction of more
than 7.5×10-3 mm. Of the materials listed as follows, which are possible candidates? Justify your
choice(s).

Material Modulus of Elasticity(GPa) Yield Strength (MPa) Poisson's Ratio

Aluminum alloy 70 200 0.33

Brass alloy 101 300 0.34

Steel alloy 207 400 0.30

Titanium alloy 107 650 0.34

Part 4

Excellent!

Which of the steel and titanium alloys also meets the second criterion?

neither alloy

steel alloy

titanium alloy

both alloys

Question 46, Part 1

A tensile test is performed on a metal specimen, and it is found that a true plastic strain of 0.20 is
produced when a true stress of 575 MPa (83,500 psi) is applied; for the same metal, the value of K in
Equation 6.19 is 860 MPa (125,000 psi). Calculate the true strain that results from the application of a
true stress of 600 MPa (87,000 psi).

Part 1

Excellent!

To solve this problem, calculate the value of n using the known relationship between true stress, true
strain, the strain-hardening coefficient, and K (Equation 6.19).

What is n?

n= 0.250

Question 46, Part 2

A tensile test is performed on a metal specimen, and it is found that a true plastic strain of 0.20 is
produced when a true stress of 575 MPa (83,500 psi) is applied; for the same metal, the value of K in
Equation 6.19 is 860 MPa (125,000 psi). Calculate the true strain that results from the application of a
true stress of 600 MPa (87,000 psi).
Part 2

Well done!

Calculate the true strain for this material at a true stress of 600 MPa.

0.237

Question 47

Your answer is correct.

A steel rod is pulled in tension with a stress that is less than the yield strength. The modulus of
elasticity may be calculated as

Axial stress divided by change in length

Axial stress divided by axial strain

Axial stress times axial strain

Axial load divided by change in length

Question 48

Your answer is correct.

A cylindrical specimen of brass that has a diameter of 20 mm, a tensile modulus of 110 GPa, and a
Poisson’s ratio of 0.35 is pulled in tension with force of 40,000 N. If the deformation is totally elastic,
what is the strain experienced by the specimen?

0.00116

0.00463

0.0029
 0.01350

Question 49

Your answer is correct.

A specimen of steel has a rectangular cross section 20 mm wide and 40 mm thick, an elastic modulus
of 207 GPa, and a Poisson’s ratio of 0.30. If this specimen is pulled in tension with a force of 60,000
N, what is the change in width if deformation is totally elastic?

Decrease in width of 2.18 x 10-6 m

Increase in width of 3.62 x 10-6 m

Increase in width of 7.24 x 10-6 m

Decrease in width of 7.24 x 10-6 m

Question 50

Correct.

A cylindrical specimen of some metal alloy 10 mm in diameter and 150 mm long has a modulus of
elasticity of 100 GPa. Does it seem reasonable to expect a tensile stress of 200 MPa to produce a
reduction in specimen diameter of 0.08 mm? Assume that the deformation is totally elastic.

Yes

No

Question 51

Correct.

For most metals, the relationship between elastic and shear moduli is approximately which of the
following?
 G = 0.1 E

G = 0.2 E

G = 0.3 E

G = 0.4 E

G = 0.5 E

Question 52

Correct!

Which of the following are the most common coordination numbers for ceramic materials?

2 and 3

4, 6, and 8

6 and 12

6, 8, and 12

Question 53

Correct!

Impurity atoms in ceramic materials may form substitutional and interstitial solid solutions.

False

True

Question 54

Your answer is correct.

Write a short paragraph to answer the question.

Which of the following is the repeat unit structure for poly(vinyl fluoride)?

Question 55

Your answer is correct.

Which type(s) of bond(s) is (are) found between atoms within hydrocarbon molecules?

Covalent bonds

van der Waals bonds

Metallic bonds
 Ionic bonds

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 56

Correct!

What is the name of the hydrocarbon group shown below?

aldehyde

acid

ether

alcohol

aromatic hydrocarbon

Question 57

Correct!

What is the name of the hydrocarbon group shown below?

acid

aldehyde
 ether

alcohol

aromatic hydrocarbon

Question 58

Correct!

What is the name of the repeat unit structure shown below?

poly(methyl methacrylate)

polyethylene

polytetrafluoroethylene

poly(vinyl chloride)

polypropylene

polystyrene

Question 59

Correct!

Which of the following form network polymers?

Rubber, polyethylene, and phenol-formaldehyde

Epoxy and phenol-formaldehyde

Polyethylene, polystyrene, and nylon

 Polystyrene and nylon

Question 60

Correct!

How do the densities of crystalline and amorphous polymers of the same material that have identical
molecular weights compare?

Density of crystalline polymer > Density of amorphous polymer

Density of crystalline polymer = Density of amorphous polymer

Density of crystalline polymer < Density of amorphous polymer

Question 61

Correct!

For the following two polymers do the following: indicate if it is not possible to determine if one
polymer is more likely to crystallize than the other. If it is possible to make such a determination then
indicate which of the two is more likely to crystallize.

Linear polyethylene
Lightly branched isotactic polypropylene

Not possible

Lightly branched isotactic polypropylene

Linear polyethylene

Question 62

Your answer is correct.

Select the repeat unit structure for the poly(vinyl alcohol).

Question 63
 Your answer is correct.

Is it possible to grind up and reuse phenol-formaldehyde?

No, it is not possible.

Yes, it is possible.

Question 64

Correct.

For the following two polymers:

Network phenol-formaldehyde
Linear, heavily crosslinked cis-isoprene

Is it possible to determine if one is more likely to crystallize than the other?

Yes. Linear, heavily crosslinked cis-isoprene

No

Yes. Network phenol-formaldehyde

Question 65

Correct.

Hydrocarbon molecules that contain double and/or triple bonds are called

Saturated

Unsaturated

Question 66
 Correct.

Which type(s) of bonding is (are) found within hydrocarbon molecules?

Hydrogen bonding

van der Waals bonding

Covalent bonding

Metallic bonding

Ionic bonding

Question 68

Correct.

Which of the following form network polymers?

Polystyrene

Nylon

Polyethylene

Rubber

Epoxy

Phenol-formaldehyde

Question 69

Correct.
For most polymers, which configuration predominates?

Head-to-tail

Head-to-head

Question 70

Correct.

It is possible to produce a polymer that is 100% crystalline?

True

False

Question 71

Polymers are mainly composed of elements

Hydrogen and helium

Hydrogen and carbon

Helium and carbon

Hydrogen and oxygen

Question 72

Correct!
As particle content is increased, how does the strength of a particle-reinforced composite change?

Strength decreases

Strength increases

Question 73

Correct!

Which material retains its strength better at elevated temperatures?

A precipitation-hardened alloy

A dispersion-strengthened composite

Question 74

Correct!

For a composite material, is the matrix phase normally more ductile or less ductile than the dispersed
phase?

Less ductile

More ductile

Question 75

Correct!

Carbon fiber-reinforced composites have which of the following properties?

 A. Relatively high strengths

B. Relatively high stiffnesses

C. High service temperatures (> 200°C)

D. All of the above

E. A and C

Question 76

Correct!

Compared to other ceramic materials, ceramic-matrix composites have better/higher

A. fracture toughnesses

B. oxidation resistance

C. stability at elevated temperatures

D. All the above

E. Both B and C

Question 78

Correct.

A stress-strain test is performed on an aligned fibrous composite such that the force is applied in the
longitudinal direction. During the initial stage of the test, which phase bears most of the load?

Matrix

Fibers

Question 79
 Correct.

Aramid fiber-reinforced composites have very high tensile strengths and relatively low compressive
strengths.

False

True

Question 80

Correct.

Which of aramid and metal fibers have higher strength-to-weight ratios?

Metal fibers

Aramid fibers

Question 81

Correct.

Carbon fiber-reinforced composites have which of the following properties?

Relatively high stiffnesses

Relatively high strengths

High service temperatures (> 200°C)

Question 84

Correct.
For a composite material, which phase normally has the higher elastic modulus?

Fiber phase

Matrix phase

Question 83

Correct.

Compared to other ceramic materials, ceramic-matrix composites have better/higher

Oxidation resistance.

Stability at elevated temperatures.

Fracture toughnesses.

Question 85

Correct.

For composite materials, which is phase is normally harder?

The matrix phase

The dispersed phase

Question 86

Correct.

For a composite material, how does the ductility of the matrix phase normally compare with the
ductility of the dispersed phase?
 More ductile

Less ductile

Question 87

Correct.

As particle content is increased, how does the strength a particle-reinforced composite change?

It increases.

It decreases.

Question 88

Noncontinuous phase that usually dictates the property of the composite

Matrix

Liquid

Solid

Dispersed

none of the above

Q3

Question 1
 Correct!

Once a system is at a state of equilibrium, a shift from equilibrium may result by alteration of which of
the following?

Pressure

Composition

Temperature

All of the above

Question 2

Correct!

The binary composition-temperature phase diagram for an isomorphous system will be composed of
regions that contain which of the following phases and/or combinations of phases?

A.) Liquid

B.) Liquid + α

C.) α

D.) A, B, and C

Question 3

Correct!

A solidus line separates which of the following phase fields?

α and liquid + α
 Liquid and liquid + α

α and α + β

Liquid + α and liquid + β

Question 4

Correct!

Using Animated Figure 9.8, determine which of the phases/phase combinations listed below will be
present for an alloy of composition 46 wt% Sn - 54 wt% Pb that is at equilibrium at 44°C?

liquid

beta + liquid

alpha + beta + liquid

alpha

alpha + beta

beta

alpha + liquid
Question 5

Correct!

Using the Animated Figure 9.8, for an alloy of composition 25 wt% Sn - 75 wt% Pb, select the
phase(s) present and their composition(s) at 200°C.

Question 6

Your answer is correct.

For an alloy of composition 50 wt% Zn-50 wt% Cu, what phase(s) is (are) present at 400°C ? You
may find the Animated Figure 9.19 (the Cu-Zn phase diagram) helpful.
Question 8

Your answer is correct.

For a 76 wt% Pb-24 wt% Mg alloy, select the schematic sketch of the microstructure that would be
observed at 300°C for conditions of very slow cooling. The magnesium-lead phase diagram is shown in
the Animated Figure 9.20.
Question 9

Correct.

Which of the following kinds of information may be determined with the aid of a phase diagram?

The fraction(s) of phase(s) present at specified temperature and composition.

The composition(s) of phase(s) present at a specified temperature and composition.

The phase(s) present at a specified temperature and composition.

Question 10

Correct.

A liquidus line separates which of the following combinations of phase fields?

Question 11

Correct.

A peritectic reaction involves which of the following combinations of phase fields?

One liquid and one solid

 One liquid and two solid

Two liquids and one solid

Three solid

Question 12

Correct.

At a eutectic point on a binary temperature-composition phase diagram, how many phases are
present when the system is at equilibrium?

Question 13

Correct.

A solvus line separates which of the following pairs of phase fields?

Question 14

Correct!
Hot working takes place at a temperature that is above a metal's

melting temperature

eutectoid temperature

recrystallization temperature

glass transition temperature

Question 15

Correct!

Which of the following may occur during an annealing heat treatment?

Stress may relieved.

Ductility may increase.

Toughness may increase.

A specific microstructure may be produced.

All of the above.

Question 16

Correct!

Normalizing a ferrous alloy causes the average grain size to

decrease

increase

Question 17
 Correct!

Which of the following influences the hardenability of a steel?

Type of quenching medium

Character of the quenching medium

Size and shape of the specimen

Its composition

Question 18

Correct!

Which of the three quenching media is most commonly used for alloy steels?

Oil

Air

Water

Question 19

Your answer is correct.

From the list below, select four situations in which casting is the preferred fabrication technique.

(1) For large pieces and/or complicated shapes

(2) For alloys having low ductilities

(3) When the processing would be very precise

(4) When mechanical strength is not an important consideration

(5) When it is needed to join a large variety of metals and alloys

(6) When it is the most economical fabrication technique

 (1), (2), (4), (6)

(1), (3), (4), (5)

(2), (3), (5), (6)

(2), (3), (4), (6)

(1), (2), (4), (5)

Question 20

Correct.

Which type of forming operation produces a higher quality surface finish, better mechanical properties,
and closer dimensional control of the finished piece?

Cold working

Hot working

Question 21

Correct.

Which of the following may occur during annealing?

A specific microstructure may be produced.

Stresses may be relieved.

Ductility may be increased.

Toughness may be increased.

Question 22

Correct.

How does increasing the annealing temperature influence the rate of an annealing process?

Decreases the rate.

Increases the rate.

Question 23

Correct.

Cold working takes place at a temperature that is below a metal's

Glass transition temperature

Eutectoid temperature

Recrystallization temperature

Melting temperature

Question 24

Correct.

During metal forming operations, the magnitude of the applied stress must at least exceed the
 Yield strength

Tensile strength

Question 25

Correct.

Forging operations normally take place at

Room temperature

Low temperatures

High temperatures

Question 26

Incorrect.

Full annealing is used on which types of steels?

Low-carbon steels

Medium-carbon steels

High-carbon steels

Question 27

Correct.

How does increasing carbon content influence the hardenability of a steel?

 Increases the hardenability.

Decreases the hardenability.

Question 28

Correct.

Hot working takes place at a temperature that is above a metal's

Melting temperature

Glass transition temperature

Recrystallization temperature

Eutectoid temperature

Question 29

Correct.

Which of the following are forming operations?

Die casting

Powder metallurgy

Rolling

Welding

Continuous casting

Forging

Extrusion
 Drawing

Question 30

Correct.

For which type of metals is powder metallurgy particularly suited?

Metals having high melting temperatures

Metals having low melting temperatures

Question 31

Correct!

A Frenkel defect is composed with which of the following?

A cation vacancy and an anion vacancy

An anion interstitial and an anion vacancy

A cation interstitial and an anion interstitial

A cation interstitial and a cation vacancy

Question 32

Your answer is incorrect.

A hypothetical AX type of ceramic material is known to have a density of 3.35 g/cm3 and a unit cell of
cubic symmetry with a cell edge length of 0.63 nm. The atomic weights of the A and X elements are 90.5
and 37.3 g/mol, respectively. On the basis of this information, which one of the following crystal
structures is possible for this material?

cesium chloride
 fluorite

zinc blend

Question 33

Correct!

Which of the following are the two primary constituents of clays?

Alumina (Al2O3) and limestone (CaCO3)

Limestone (CaCO3) and cupric oxide (CuO)

Silica (SiO2) and limestone (CaCO3)

Alumina (Al2O3) and silica (SiO2)

Question 34

Correct!

For a composite material, is the matrix phase normally more ductile or less ductile than the dispersed
phase?

Less ductile

More ductile

Question 35

Correct.

For a composite material, which phase normally has the higher elastic modulus?
 Matrix phase

Fiber phase

Question 36

Correct.

For a composite material, how does the ductility of the matrix phase normally compare with the
ductility of the dispersed phase?

More ductile

Less ductile

Question 37

Correct!

For a semiconductor, when an electric field is applied, in which direction are the holes accelerated?

In the same direction as the electric field.

Opposite to the direction of the electric field.

Question 38

Correct!

Which type of charge carrier will be introduced into a semiconductor by the presence of an acceptor
impurity?

Hole
 Electron

Question 39

Correct!

For an n-type semiconductor, where is the Fermi level located?

Just below the conduction band in the band gap.

In the conduction band.

Just above the valence band in the band gap.

In the middle of the band gap

In the valence band.

Question 40

Correct!

For a p-type semiconductor

Electron concentration > Hole concentration

Electron concentration = Hole concentration

Electron concentration < Hole concentration

Question 41

Correct.

Which type of charge carrier will be introduced into a semiconductor by the presence of an acceptor
impurity?
 Hole

Electron

Question 42

Correct.

Which type of charge carrier will be introduced into a semiconductor by the presence of a donor
impurity?

Electron

Hole

Question 43

Correct.

For a semiconductor, when an electric field is applied, in which direction are the holes accelerated?

Opposite to the direction of the electric field.

In the same direction as the electric field.

Question 44

Correct.

The electrical conductivity of an extrinsic semiconductor is

due to the presence of impurities.

 characteristic of the high-purity material.

Question 45

Correct.

How do the electrical conductivities of metals compare with those of semiconductors?

σMetals > σSemiconductors

σMetals =σSemiconductors

σMetals < σSemiconductors

Question 46

Correct.

For an n-type semiconductor, which type of charge carrier is present in the greater concentration?

Hole

Electron

Question 47

Correct.

For a p-type semiconductor, which type of charge carrier is present in the greater concentration?

Holes

Electrons
Question 48

Correct.

For a p-type semiconductor

Concentrationelectrons < concentrationholes

Concentrationelectrons =Concentrationholes

Concentrationelectrons > Concentrationholes

Question 49

Correct.

Which of the following are preferred for semiconducting devices?

Polycrystalline materials

Single crystals

Q4

Question 1

Correct!

Below is shown the atomic packing of a set of planes for the simple cubic crystal structure; atoms
drawn to full size are represented by circles. From the list below select the set of indices for this plane.
 B. (1 0 0)

A. (1 2 0)

C. (1 1 1)

D. (1 1 0)

Question 2

Your answer is correct.

In which of the following unit cells is drawn a plane?

Question 3

Your answer is correct.

What is atomic packing of the (100) plane for the FCC crystal structure?
Question 4

Your answer is correct.

In the following unit cell, which vector represents the [121] direction?

Question 5

Your answer is correct.

What are the Miller indices for the plane shown in the following cubic unit cell?
 (201)

(1∞ )

(102)

(10 )

Question 6

Correct.

What are the indices for the direction represented by the vector that has been drawn within a unit
cell?

A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.

[120]

[121]

[102]

[-102]
Question 7

Correct.

What are the indices for the direction represented by the vector that has been drawn within a unit
cell?

A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.

[120]

[101]

[012]

[-002]

Question 8

Correct.

What are the indices for the direction represented by the vector that has been drawn within a unit
cell?

A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.
 [1-11]

[11-1]

[111]

[-111]

Question 9

Correct.

What are the indices for the direction represented by the vector that has been drawn within a unit
cell?

A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.
 [1-11]

[0-11]

[01-1]

[-111]

Question 10

Correct.

What are the indices for the direction represented by the vector that has been drawn within a unit
cell?

A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.

[200]

[2-11]

[-210]

[210]

Question 11

Correct.
What are the indices for the direction represented by the vector that has been drawn within a unit
cell?

A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.

[021]

[001]

[0-21]

[201]

Question 12

Correct.

What are the indices for the direction represented by the vector that has been drawn within a unit
cell?

A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.
 [-0-2-1]

[-1-1-1]

[-0-1-1]

[-0-0-2]

Question 13

Correct.

What are the indices for the direction represented by the vector that has been drawn within a unit
cell?

A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.

[210]

[120]

[110]

[111]

Question 14

Correct.
What are the indices for the direction represented by the vector that has been drawn within a unit
cell?

A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.

[-321]

[-420]

[-431]

[-430]

Question 15

Correct.

What are the indices for the direction represented by the vector that has been drawn within a unit
cell?

A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.
 [1-6-4]

[1-6-3]

[1-5-3]

[1-4-2]

Question 16

Correct.

What are the indices for the direction represented by the vector that has been drawn within a unit
cell?

A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.

[1-42]

[0-43]

[-1-43]

[0-41]

Question 18

Correct.
What are the Miller indices for the plane shown below?

A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.

(111)

(010)

(-110)

(110)

Question 19

Correct.

What are the Miller indices for the plane shown below?

A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.
 (-110)

(111)

(010)

(110)

Question 20

Correct.

What are the Miller indices for the plane shown below?

A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.

(0-10)

(1-10)

(0-02)

(1-20)

Question 21

Correct.

What are the Miller indices for the plane shown below?
A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.

(1-13)

(112)

(103)

(102)

Question 22

Correct.

What are the Miller indices for the plane shown below?

A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.
 (012)

(103)

(022)

(013)

Question 23

Correct.

What are the Miller indices for the plane shown below?

A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.

(40-2)

(41-3)

(41-2)

(40-3)

Question 24

Correct.

What are the Miller indices for the plane shown below?

A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.
 (1-13)

(1-23)

(-1-13)

(-1-23)

Question 25

Correct.

What are the Miller indices for the plane shown below?

A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.
 (2-32)

(2-23)

(1-23)

(0-12)

Question 26

Correct.

What are the Miller indices for the plane shown below?

A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.

(42-2)

(24-3)

(31-3)

(43-3)

Question 27

Correct.

What are the Miller indices for the plane shown below?

A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.
 (14-1)

(15-4)

(13-3)

(24-3)

Question 28

Correct.

What are the Miller-Bravais indices for the plane shown below?

A negative index is indicated with a minus sign ("-") in front of (rather than over) the index number.
 (0100)

(000-1)

(0010)

(0101)

Question 31

correct

Basic structural unit or building block of the crystal structure and defines the crystal structure by
virtue of its geometry and the atom positions within

Building unit

Cubicle

Crystal cell

Unit cell

Question 32

Correct.

Molybdenum (Mo) has a BCC crystal structure, an atomic radius of 0.1363 nm, and an atomic weight
of 95.94 g/mol. What is its theoretical density?

10.22 g/cm3

Question 33

Correct.

Strontium (Sr) has the FCC crystal structure, an atomic radius of 0.215 nm, and an atomic weight of
87.62 g/mol. What is its theoretical density?

2.59 g/cm3
Question 34

Your answer is correct.

A hypothetical alloy has an atomic weight of 43.1 g/mol, a density of 6.40 g/cm 3, and an atomic
radius of 0.122 nm. Determine whether its crystal structure is FCC, BCC, or simple cubic. A simple
cubic unit cell is shown in Figure 3.3.

BCC

FCC

Simple cubic

Question 35

Correct.

The metal rhodium (Rh) has an FCC crystal structure. If the angle of diffraction for the (311) set of
planes occurs at 36.12° (first-order reflection) when monochromatic x-radiation having a wavelength
of 0.0711 nm is used, compute the following:

(a) The interplanar spacing for this set of planes

0.1147 nm

(b) The atomic radius for a Rh atom

0.1345 nm

Question 36

Correct.

The metal niobium has a BCC crystal structure. If the angle of diffraction for the (211) set of planes
occurs at 75.99° (first-order reflection) when monochromatic x-radiation having a wavelength of
0.1659 nm is used, compute the following:

(a) The interplanar spacing for this set of planes

 0.1348 nm

(b) The atomic radius for a Nb atom

0.1429 nm

Question 37, Part 1

The figure below shows an x-ray diffraction pattern for α-iron taken using a diffractometer and monochromatic x-
radiation having a wavelength of 0.1542 nm; each diffraction peak on the pattern has been indexed. Compute the
interplanar spacing for each set of planes indexed; also determine the lattice parameter of Fe for each of the
peaks.
Part 1

Excellent!

What is for each of the planes?

(a) (110)
(b) (200)
(c) (211)

(a) 44.5

(b) 65

(c) 82.5

Question 37, Part 2

The figure below shows an x-ray diffraction pattern for α-iron taken using a diffractometer and monochromatic x-
radiation having a wavelength of 0.1542 nm; each diffraction peak on the pattern has been indexed. Compute
the interplanar spacing for each set of planes indexed; also determine the lattice parameter of Fe for each of the
peaks.
Part 2

Did you use Equation 3.21 correctly? Think about the difference between 2θ and θ when you are
solving Equation 3.21.

If you are having difficulty with this problem, you might want to review:
Graphing Conceptual Overview
Solving right triangle
Solving Equations

What is dhkl in nm for

(a) (110)
(b) (200)
(c) (211)

(a) d110 = 0.1099

(b) d200 = 0.0851

(c) d211 = 0.0778

Use:

Question 37, Part 3

The figure below shows an x-ray diffraction pattern for α-iron taken using a diffractometer and
monochromatic x-radiation having a wavelength of 0.1542 nm; each diffraction peak on the pattern
has been indexed. Compute the interplanar spacing for each set of planes indexed; also determine the
lattice parameter of Fe for each of the peaks.
Part 3

Review the previous two steps. Did you use Equation 3.22 correctly? Did you check your units?

If you are having difficulty with this problem, it may help you to review the following:
Graphing Conceptual Overview
Solving right triangle
Solving Equations

What is the calculated value of in nm for each of the following planes:

(a) (110)
(b) (200)
(c) (211)

(a) a = 0.0673

(b) a = 0.0737

(c) a = 0.0825

Use:

Question 38

Your answer is correct.

A hypothetical metal has the BCC crystal structure, a density of 7.24 g/cm3, and an atomic weight of 48.9
g/mol. The atomic radius of this metal is

0.154 nm

0.122 nm

1.22 nm

0.0997 nm

Question 39

Correct.

Rhodium has an atomic radius of 0.1345 nm, a density of 12.41 g/cm3 and an atomic weight of
102.91 g/mol. What is rhodium's crystal structure?

Simple cubic

BCC

FCC

Sol man

http://faculty.up.edu/lulay/egr221/HW2-ch3-2011x.pdf

https://www.slideshare.net/SUDHANSHUNAYAK/calister-solution

ASSIGN

Question 1, Part 1

Zirconium has an HCP crystal structure, a density of 6.51 g/cm3 and an atomic weight of 91.22 g/mol.

(a) What is the volume of the unit cell in cubic meters?

(b) If the ratio is 1.593, compute the values of and .

Part 1

Great!

While there are many ways to solve this problem, one strategy is to calculate the volume of any
metal's unit cell given its theoretical density (Equation 3.8) and atomic weight.

What is the volume of the zirconium unit cell in cubic meters?

VC = 1.396e-28 m3

Part 2

Part 3

Great job!

What is the volume of the unit cell in terms of ?

Part 4

Great job! You correctly solved this problem and have a good understanding of HCP unit cells.

Find and .

(a) What is in nm?

(b) What is in nm?

(a) 0.323 nm

(b) 0.515 nm
Question 2, Part 1

Consider a hypothetical metal that has the following lattice parameters: α = β = γ = 90° and a = b =
0.291 nm and c = 0.465 nm. Given that atoms are located at all corners of the unit cell, and that one
atom is situated at the unit cell's center, determine the following:

Part 1

Correct.

The crystal system to which the unit cell belongs.

tetragonal

Part 2

Correct.

The density of this material given that its atomic weight is 113 g/mol.

9.531 g/cm3

the tolerance is +/-2%

Question 5

Correct.

The metal rhodium (Rh) has an FCC crystal structure. If the angle of diffraction for the (311) set of
planes occurs at 36.12° (first-order reflection) when monochromatic x-radiation having a wavelength
of 0.0711 nm is used, compute the following:

(a) The interplanar spacing for this set of planes

0.1147 nm

(b) The atomic radius for a Rh atom

0.1345 nm
Question 6

Correct.

The metal niobium has a BCC crystal structure. If the angle of diffraction for the (211) set of planes
occurs at 75.99° (first-order reflection) when monochromatic x-radiation having a wavelength of
0.1659 nm is used, compute the following:

(a) The interplanar spacing for this set of planes

0.1348 nm

(b) The atomic radius for a Nb atom

0.1429 nm

Question 7, Part 1

The figure below shows an x-ray diffraction pattern for α-iron taken using a diffractometer and monochromatic x-
radiation having a wavelength of 0.1542 nm; each diffraction peak on the pattern has been indexed. Compute
the interplanar spacing for each set of planes indexed; also determine the lattice parameter of Fe for each of the
peaks.
Part 1

Excellent!

What is for each of the planes?

(a) (110)
(b) (200)
(c) (211)

(a) 44.5

(b) 65

(c) 82.5

Part 2

Terrific!

What is dhkl in nm for

(a) (110)
(b) (200)
(c) (211)

(a) d110 = 0.2036

(b) d200 = 0.1435

(c) d211 = 0.1169

Part 3

Great job! You have an excellent understanding of Section 3.16.

What is the calculated value of in nm for each of the following planes:

(a) (110)
(b) (200)
(c) (211)

(a) a = 0.2879

(b) a = 0.2870

(c) a = 0.2863

Question 8

Correct.

The equilibrium fraction of lattice sites that are vacant in silver (Ag) at 600°C is 1 × 10-6. Calculate
the number of vacancies (per meter cubed) at 600°C. Assume a density of 10.35 g/cm 3 for Ag, and
note that AAg = 107.87 g/mol.
5.78e22
m-3

Question 9

Correct.

(a) Calculate the fraction of atom sites that are vacant for copper (Cu) at a temperature of 1082°C
(1355 K). Assume an energy for vacancy formation of 0.90 eV/atom.
4.503e-4

(b) Repeat this calculation at room temperature (298 K).

6.08e-16

(c) What is ratio of Nv/N(1355 K) and Nv/N (298 K)?

7.406e11

Enter your answer using scientific notation.

Question 10

Your answer is partially correct.

(a) Compute the radius r of an impurity atom that will just fit into an FCC octahedral site in terms of
the atomic radius R of the host atom (without introducing lattice strains).
0.41
R
(b) Repeat part (a) for the FCC tetrahedral site.

0.41
R

Question 11

Correct.

Compute the radius r of an impurity atom that will just fit into a BCC tetrahedral site in terms of the
atomic radius R of the host atom (without introducing lattice strains).

0.291
R