Ordinary Mathematics

Angle Theorems
1.) Complementary Angles
Complementary angles – add up to 90.
a + b = 90,  a and b are complementary.

D + 44 = 90

D = 90 - 44 = 46 (compl. s)

2. ) Supplementary Angles Supplementary angles – add up to 180. It is also called

“angles on a straight line”. For example,

x + 130 = 180
x = 180 - 130 = 50
(suppl. s or s on a str. l.)

(s on a str. l.)

3.) Angles in a Triangle

For example,

x + 70 + 60 =180

x + 130 = 180
x = 180 - 130 = 50
(s in a )

A + B + C = 180

4.) Angles in a Quadrilateral

x + 100 + 95 + 60 = 360

x + 255 = 360
x = 360 - 255 = 105 (s in a quad.)

5.) Angles at a Point

x
x + 25 + 105 + 90 = 360
x + 220 = 360
x = 360 - 220 = 140
(s at a pt.)
6.) Vertically Opposite Angles (X – shaped)

x Vertically opposite angles are

equal.
x y
y x = y

For example,
b = 40
(vert. opp. s)

c + 40 = 180
c = 180 - 40 = 140
(s on a str. l.)
(vert. opp. s)
a = 140 (vert. opp. s)

Parallel lines and transversals, which are straight lines passing through parallel lines, are used to defined
corresponding, alternate and co-interior angles.

7.) Corresponding Angles (F – shaped)

transversal

parallel
lines

For example,
 A = 45 (corr. s)

F = 135 (corr. s)

8.) Alternate Angles (Z – shaped)

Alternate angles are equal to each other. For example,

a

x

x = 113 (alt. s) a = 98 (alt. s)

9.) Co-interior Angles (C or U – shaped)
Co-interior angles are supplementary, i.e, they add up
to 180. For example,

e + 50 = 180
e = 180 - 50 = 130
(int. s)

Compound Geometric Shapes

x = 28 (alt. s)

QRP =
(isosc. )

 y + 76 = 180
y = 180 - 76 = 104 (suppl. s)

MQR = 76 (corr. s)

Thus, z + 76 = 180

z = 180 - 76 = 104
(suppl. s)

(adapted from: Jan. 2014, no. 6. (a) )

 x = 180 - 128 = 52 (s on a str. l.)

y = 128 (corr. s)

180 - 100 = 80 (int. s)

w + 52 + 80 = 180
w + 132 = 180
w = 180 - 132 = 48 (s in a )

(i) x (ii) y (iii) w (6 marks) (adapted from: May/June 2016, no. 5. (a) )

The diagram below shows the quadrilateral PQRS.

a = 69 (alt. s)

b + 69 + 156 + 112 = 360

b + 337 = 360
 b = 360 - 337 = 23
(s in a quad. sum to 360)

NQ is a straight line parallel to PS.

(i.) What is the size of the angle marked a? Give a reason for your answer.
(ii.) Work out the size of the angle marked b. What property did you use to come up with your solution?

Find the value of x in the diagram below.

Solution:
x + 5x + 36 = 180
6x = 180 - 36 = 144
 x = 144 / 6 = 24 (s on a str. l.)