Design and Simulation of Fiber To The Home (FTTH) Network

Saed Thuneibat, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.4, April- 2019, pg.
35-50
Available Online at www.ijcsmc.com
International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing

A Monthly Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology
ISSN 2320–088X
IMPACT FACTOR: 6.017
IJCSMC, Vol. 8, Issue. 4, April 2019, pg.35 – 50
Design and Simulation of Fiber

to the Home (FTTH) Network
Saed Thuneibat
Department of Electrical Engineering, Al-Balqa Applied University, Jordan
Saed1970@bau.edu.jo
Abstract: In this paper, we study and analysis Fiber To The Home network. This system will replace the
ADSL technology in providing Internet to home users. We discuss the line coding techniques in optical
digital communication system.We simulate the FTTH and compare between line codes to choose the
suitable line code for the Jordanian FTTH.
Keywords: Optical network, FTTH, Line Code, Simulation.
I. INTRODUCTION
FTTH is the delivery of a communication services by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber link
from the Internet service provider to a home, thereby replacing existing copper infrastructure such as
ADSL based on telephone wires and CATV based on coaxial cable. FTTH is fast growing method of
providing optical THz bandwidth to consumers.
Many telecommunication companies in Jordan use optical fiber to transmit Internet communication signals
via FTTH.
Different research papers on FTTH network design and implementation are published [1]. To improve
service reliability, efficiency and monitoring capabilities in FTTH-PON network, MATLAB based Online
Central Fault Monitoring System (CFDS) is proposed [2]. A design and implementation of GPON based
FTTH access network serving 1000 users, in order to validate the design, the power budgets analysis is
performed [3]. An Optical CDMA (OCDMA) as a configuration solution for FTTH networks to improve
the performance of network have been proposed [4].
In this paper we simulate FTTH with different parameters of input power, transmitter wavelength, data rate,
distance, channel wavelength, modulation scheme, line encoding.
For different types of filters, we developed the eye diagrams, BER analyzers and Quality factors that are
used for the comparison between line codes, NRZ and RZ.
© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 35

Saed Thuneibat, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.4, April- 2019, pg. 35-50
Section two presents digital optical communication system, FTTX and FTTH are introduced in the third
section. Simulation system elements are defined in section 4. Simulation Results for NRZ and RZ encoding
are discussed in section 5.
II. DIGITAL OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Like all other communication systems, the primary objective of FTTH network is to provide an access to
Internet and transfer the signal containing information (voice, data and video) from the source to the
destination. The general block diagram of optical fiber communication system is shown in figure 1 [5].
Figure 1. Block diagram of optical communication system.
The information source generates and provides an electrical signal to the transmitter. The electrical stage of
the transmitter drives an optical source to produce modulated light wave carrier. Semiconductor LASERs
or LEDs are usually used as optical sources. The information carrying light wave then passes through
optical fiber cables in this system.
Now it reaches to the receiver stage where the optical detector demodulates the optical carrier and gives an
electrical output signal to the electrical stage. The common types of optical detectors used are pin and
avalanche photodiodes. Finally, the electrical stage gets the real information back and gives it to the
concerned destination.
Figure 2 shows the major elements used in an optical fiber communication system.
Additional components like optical amplifier, connectors, splices and couplers are also there. The
regenerator section is a key part of the system as it amplifies and reshapes the distorted signals for long
distance links.

Figure 2. Optical communication system [6].
In present days, for longer repeater spacing, the use of single mode fibers and LASERs seem to be essential
whereas the earlier transmitters operated within 0.8µm to 0.9µm wavelength range, used double hetero
structure LASER or LED as optical sources [7].
III. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF FTTX AND FTTH

In this section we will show in figure 3 the difference between Fiber To The Neighborhood (FTTN), Fiber
To The Curb (FTTC), Fiber To The Building (FTTB) and as well as, in figure 4, the block diagram of
FTTH.
Figure 3. FTTx optical network.

Figure 4. FTTH block diagram.
IV. OPTICAL SIMULATION SYSTEM

Under my superposition, my students: Mohammad Abu-Zubiedah and Manar Aljawarneh has developed a
FTTH simulation system in their graduation project at AL-Huson university college, BAU, Jordan.
We analyzed and compared RZ and NRZ encoding formats by varying different parameters using the
designated system. In literature, such approach is performed by Mandeep Kaur and Gurpreet Bharti, where
the system performance is evaluated in terms of eye diagram, BER, receiver sensitivity, and limitations on
the fiber length. Duobinary modulation provides better results as compared to NRZ and RZ modulation
format as the distance is crucial factor for measuring the system performance [8]. This is not the case of
FTTH, where the distance is not large.
The FTTH network is simulated using Optisystem which is a simulation system used for designing, testing
and performance measuring the optical network by compensate minimum bit error and improve quality
factor of the network [9], [10], [11].
4.1 Elements of optical simulation tools
Figure 5 shows the blocks that used in the transmission part of simulation system
Figure 5. Transmission part blocks

Figure 6 and 7 shows the blocks that represent the transmission media
Figure 6.Transmission media and Mux blocks
Loop control replaces repetition of fiber spans and EDFA, for example if you are working on 10000 km
long fiber link containing EDFA at each 1000 km then it is better to use loop control, you set loop
control=10 giving 10*1000 where the signal pass 10 times from 1000 km fiber and one EDFA.
Wave Division Multiplexer, that combine more than one optical frequency together.
Figure 7.Transmission media blocks, amplifier and demux
Wave Division Demultiplexer separates different optical wavelengths.

Figure 8 shows the reception Part.

Figure 8. Reception Part blocks
Figure 9 shows the electrical Visualizer elements.
Figure 9. Electrical Visualizer elements
Figure 10 shows Optical Visualizer elements.
Figure 10. Optical Visualize elements
4.2 System specifications

The modeled system has been configured for a specific set of parameters at the transmitter, channel as well
as the receiver side. The parameters are selected either based on their type or mathematical value according
to the simulation system requirements. The various parameters like input power of the transmitter, input
wavelength, distance covered, type of amplifiers used, multiplexing scheme, are described for the proposed
simulation set-up. The proposed system specifications have been summarized in Table 1.

TABLE 1. THE PROPOSED SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

Parameter Value/Type
Input power(in dBm) -16 to -20
Transmitter wavelength (in nm) 1552 to 1550
Data rate(in Gbps) 2.5
Distance(in kilometers) 100
Channelwavelength(in nm) 1550
Modulation scheme NRZ,RZ
V. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

In this chapter, we provide the results of several runs of the designated optical communication simulation
system. Discussion of these results is following each graph.
5.1 optical communication simulation system for NRZ encoding
In figure 11, we show optical communication simulation system for 100 kilometers using NRZ encoding
format.
Figure 11. optical communication simulation system with NRZ encoding
In this section we see results of BER analyzer; quality factor, min BER, threshold and eye height for
different types of filters.
Figure 12 shows eye diagram with Bessel filter.

Figure 12. Eye diagram with Bessel filter
The above figure shows the eye diagram for an input power of -19.1dBm at 100 kilometers using NRZ
modulation format.
Figure 13 shows the results of BER analyzer.
Figure 13. BER analyzer
Figure (a) shows Quality factor as 5.97, figure (b) shows Min BER as 1.13e-9, figure (c) shows threshold
as 4.81e-6 and figure (d) shows eye height as 6.18e-6.
Figure 14 shows eye diagram with low pass Gaussian filter.

Figure 14.Eye diagramwith low pass Gaussian filter
The above figure shows the eye diagram for an input power of -18.4dBm at 100 kilometers using NRZ
modulation format.
Figure 16 shows eye diagram with low pass Rectangle filter.

Figure 16.Eye diagram low pass Rectangle filter
The previous figure shows the eye diagram for an input power of -16 dBm at 100 kilometers using NRZ
modulation format.
Figure 18 shows eye diagram with low pass Butterworth filter.

Figure 18. Eye diagram
The above figure shows the eye diagram for an input power of -17.7 dBm at 100 kilometers using NRZ
encoding format.

5.2 optical communication simulation system for NRZ encoding

The following figure 20 shows optical communication system for 100 kilometers using RZ encoding
format.
Figure 20 optical communication simulation system for RZ encoding
In this section we see .results of BER analyzer; quality factor, min BER, threshold and eye height for
different types of filters.
Figure 21 shows eye diagram with low pass Bessel filter.
Figure 21.Eye diagramwith low pass Bessel filter
The previous figure shows the eye diagram for an input power of -16.6 dBm at 100 kilometers using RZ
modulation format.

Figure 23 shows eye diagram with low pass Gaussian filter.
Figure 23.Eye diagramwith low pass Gaussian filter
The previous figure shows the eye diagram for an input power of -17.3 dBm at 100 kilometers using RZ
modulation format.

Figure 25 shows eye diagram with low pass Butterworth filter.
Figure 25.Eye diagramwith low pass Butterworth filter.
The previous figure shows the eye diagram for an input power of -16 dBm at 100 kilometers using RZ
modulation format.

Figure (a) shows Quality factor as 5.95, figure (b) shows Min BER as 1.22e-9, figure (c) shows threshold is
5.71e-6 and figure (d) shows eye height as 8.98e-6.
VI. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we simulated FTTH system using NRZ, RZ encoding formats. We found that the NRZ
provides better simulation results in the quality factor, Min BER, threshold and eye height. From the
simulation of three filter types we found that the quality factor for low pass Bessel filter is higher. It is upon
to the designer of optical communication system in choosing the required parameters.
REFERENCES
[1] Dheyaa Jasim Kadhim, Nahla Abdul-Rahman Hussain, “Design and Implementation of a Practical
FTTH Network” International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 72– No.12,
June 2013, pp. 50-56.
[2] T.Venkateswarlu, R. Renuka, “Design of Fiber to the Home (FTTH) Access Network and
Implementing Online Monitoring to Increase Efficiency”, International Journal of Innovative
Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 2, February 2017, pp. 2338-
2346.
[3] Mahmoud M. Al-Quzwini, “Design and Implementation of a Fiber to the Home FTTH Access Network
based on GPON”, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 –8887) Volume 92–No.6,
April 2014, pp. 30-42.
[4] Bouregaa Mouweffeq, Chikh-Bled Mohammed El Kebir etc., “Optical Code Division Multiple Access
for a FTTH system”, PHOTONICS LETTERS OF POLAND, VOL.10 (4), 2018, pp. 121-123
[5] Hecht J, Long L, “Understanding fiber optics”, Prentice Hall, 1993
[6] Gerd Keiser “Optical fiber communications” 3rd edition.
[7] B. Voisiat, et al. "Laser processing for precise fabrication of the THz optics", Proc. SPIE vol. 10091,
LAMOM XXII; 100910F (2017);

[8] Mandeep Kaur, Er. Gurpreet Bharti, “Performance Analysis of Optical Fiber Communication Systems
For NRZ, RZ and Duobinary Formats”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and
Science (IJAERS), Vol-1, Issue-5, Oct.- 2014, pp. 81-84.
[9] W Awalia, A B Pantjawati, “Performance Simulation of Fiber to the Home (FTTH)
Devices Based on Optisystem”, International Symposium on Materials and Electrical Engineering 2017,
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 384 (2018) 012051 doi:10.1088/1757-
899X/384/1/012051.
[10] Wang Y and Guan Y, “Performance simulations for a high-speed optical transmission system based on
Optisystem” Image and Signal Processing, 7th International Congress 4 Oct 14, pp. 907-911.
[11] Verma S, Kakati A and Bhulania P, “Performance analysis of Q-factor and polarization for GPON
network using Optisystem”, Information Technology-The Next Generation IT Summit on the Theme-
Internet of Things: Oct 6, pp. 138-141.

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Saed Thuneibat, International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing, Vol.8 Issue.4, April- 2019, pg.

Available Online at www.ijcsmc.com

International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing

IJCSMC, Vol. 8, Issue. 4, April 2019, pg.35 – 50

Design and Simulation of Fiber

Keywords: Optical network, FTTH, Line Code, Simulation.

© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 35

II. DIGITAL OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Figure 1. Block diagram of optical communication system.

© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 36

Figure 2. Optical communication system [6].

III. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF FTTX AND FTTH

Figure 3. FTTx optical network.

© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 37

Figure 4. FTTH block diagram.

IV. OPTICAL SIMULATION SYSTEM

Figure 5. Transmission part blocks

© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 38

Figure 6.Transmission media and Mux blocks

Figure 7.Transmission media blocks, amplifier and demux

Wave Division Demultiplexer separates different optical wavelengths.

© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 39

Figure 8. Reception Part blocks

Figure 9 shows the electrical Visualizer elements.

Figure 9. Electrical Visualizer elements

Figure 10 shows Optical Visualizer elements.

Figure 10. Optical Visualize elements

4.2 System specifications

© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 40

TABLE 1. THE PROPOSED SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

V. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Figure 11. optical communication simulation system with NRZ encoding

© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 41

Figure 12. Eye diagram with Bessel filter

Figure 13. BER analyzer

© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 42

Figure 14.Eye diagramwith low pass Gaussian filter

Figure 15. BER analyzer

© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 43

Figure 16.Eye diagram low pass Rectangle filter

Figure 17. BER analyzer

© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 44

Figure 18. Eye diagram

Figure 19. BER analyzer

© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 45

5.2 optical communication simulation system for NRZ encoding

Figure 20 optical communication simulation system for RZ encoding

Figure 21.Eye diagramwith low pass Bessel filter

© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 46

Figure 22. BER analyzer

Figure 23.Eye diagramwith low pass Gaussian filter

© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 47

Figure 24. BER analyzer

Figure 25.Eye diagramwith low pass Butterworth filter.

© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 48

Figure 26. BER analyzer

© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 49

© 2019, IJCSMC All Rights Reserved 50

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