HITEC University

Semester Project

 Project Topic:
Energy Audit and carbon
footprint representation
 Submitted to:
Sir Tanveer Ahmed
(Renewable Energy Resources)
 Submitted by:
Name : Hamza Hamid
Reg# : 14-ME-061

Section : B Dated : June 04th ,2018

 ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT:..................................................................................................................................................... 3
INTRODUCTION: ............................................................................................................................................ 3
DESCRIPTION OF HOME: ............................................................................................................................... 4
CURRENT STATUS OF HOME: ........................................................................................................................ 5
INSTALLED APPLIANCES: ............................................................................................................................... 6
DATA RECORD OF ELECTRICITY APPLIANCES/WEEKDAYS:............................................................................ 7
DATA RECORD OF ELECTRICITY APPLIANCES/WEEKENDS: ........................................................................... 8
CALCULATIONS OF TOTAL UNITS CONSUMED/MONTH: .............................................................................. 9
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF UNITS CONSUMED IN A YEAR: ............................................................... 9
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF AMPERES CONSUMED IN A MONTH: ................................................... 10
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF GAS USAGE IN A CALENDER YEAR: ....................................................... 10
CARBON FOOTPRINT: .................................................................................................................................. 11
WHY CALCULATE A CARBON FOOTPRINT? ................................................................................................. 11
CALCULATION OF CARBON FOOTPRINT/DAY: ............................................................................................ 12
METHODS OF MINIMISING THE CARBON FOOTPRINT: .............................................................................. 13
OPPORTUNITIES TO REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION: ............................................................................. 13
BIBLIOGRAPHY: ........................................................................................................................................... 14

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 ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION

ABSTRACT:
An energy audit is a study of a plant or facility to determine how and where energy is used and
to identify methods for energy savings. There is now a universal recognition of the fact that new
technologies and much greater use of some that already exist provide the most hopeful prospects
for the future. [1] The opportunities lie in the use of existing renewable energy technologies,
greater efforts at energy efficiency and the dissemination of these technologies and options. This
report is just one step, a mere mile marker towards our destination of achieving energy efficiency
and I would like to emphasize that an energy audit is a continuous process. [1]

INTRODUCTION:
The energy process is an organized approach to identify energy waste in a facility, determining
how this waste can be eliminated at a reasonable cost with a suitable time frame. [2] Energy
audit is widely used and many have different meaning depending on energy service companies.
Energy auditing of a building can range from a short a walkthrough of the facility to a detailed
analysis. It is not only serves to identify energy use among the various services and to identify
opportunities for energy conservation but it is also a crucial first step in establishing an energy
management program. [2] The audit will produce the data on which such a program is based. The
study should reveal to the owner, manager, or management team of the building the options
available for reducing energy waste, the costs involved, and the benefits achievable from
implementing those energy-conserving opportunities (ECOs). [2]

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 ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION

DESCRIPTION OF HOME:
1. Location:
33.9734° N, 71.9831° E

2. Address:
Hosue#184, Phase#1, Armour Colony Manki Road Nowshera Cantt.

3. House type:
Single-family Detached

4. House dimensions:
2722.5 Sq. Ft.

5. Year home was built:

2013

6. No. of bedrooms:
3

7. No. of Occupants:
5

8. Orientation:
North facing External gate

9. No. of stories:
Single story home

10. Types of energy sources using:

2 (Electricity and Natural gas)

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 ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION

CURRENT STATUS OF HOME:

As there 5 total number of occupants living in the room, which includes:

1.Father
2.Mother
3.Me (Hamza)
4.2 sisters
 Contribution in energy usage:
Father leaves for office at 9 a.m. Every day and comes back home at 10 p.m. with Sunday as
a holiday. Mothers’ is a teacher leaves for college at around 7 a. m. at comes back at 2 p.m.
with Saturday and Sunday as holiday.
Sisters leave for school at 7 a.m. and comes back to home at 2 p.m.
I on the other hand lives in a university’s hostel and visits home on weekends.
 Energy usages:
Usually as from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. no one is at home except on weekends so therefore there is
energy usage of fridge only and no gas usage at that time of the day.

Electricity usage:
On the week days there is use of mostly 4 fans, 4 lights, 2 energy savers, 1 Television, 1 Fridge.
Boring water Pump is used when there is requirement, Computer is used mostly in the
evening hours of the day.
Use of Split Ac depends upon the weather and is generally used in the noon hours of the day
while on the other hand exhaust fan, pedestal fan, washing machine is used when there is a
requirement.
Iron is used generally in the late hours of the day.
In the weekends there is generally increase in the usage of the electricity, more use of water,
more use of gas, and also use of cooler during noon and night hours of the day.

Gas usage:
Natural gas is used generally at the start of the day, then at noon hours, then at evening
hours and then at night for the breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner purposes. Also there is use of
gas frequently when there is baking going on, that too in some days of the month.

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 ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION

INSTALLED APPLIANCES:
Fans, Tube lights, Pedestal fan, Exhaust fan, Television, Iron, Washing machine, Energy savers,
blender, Cooler, Computer, Fridge and Boring water Pump.

Appliances Rated Power (W)

1. Fans 80

2. Tube lights 40

3. Pedestal fan 150

4. Exhaust Fan 50

5. Television 95

6. Iron 1100

7. Washing 450
Machine

8. Energy savers 25

9. Blender 240

10. Cooler 330

11. Computer 120

12. Fridge 140

13. Boring water 746

pump

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 ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION

DATA RECORD OF ELECTRICITY APPLIANCES/WEEKDAYS:

(Usage in terms of Watts)

Appliances Rated power Quantity R.P*Quantity Run time R.P*Quantity*Run

(Watts) (Watts) (hours) time hours(W.hrs)

Fans 80 3 240 9 2160

Tube lights 40 6 240 8 1920

Pedestal fan 150 1 150 4 600

Exhaust Fan 50 3 150 4 600

Television 95 1 95 10 950

Iron 1100 1 1100 1 1100

Washing 450 1 450 0 0

Machine

Energy savers 25 2 50 8 400

Blender 240 1 240 0.5 120

Cooler 330 1 330 6 1980

Computer 120 1 120 2 240

Fridge 140 1 140 24 3360

Boring water 746 1 746 1 746

pump

Fans 80 4 320 0.5 160

Energy savers 10 2 20 8 160

Total 14496

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 ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION

DATA RECORD OF ELECTRICITY APPLIANCES/WEEKENDS:

(Usage in terms of Watts)

Appliances Rated power Quantity R.P*Quantity Run time R.P*Quantity*Run

(Watts) (Watts) (hours) time hours(W.hrs)

Fans 80 3 240 9 2160

Tube lights 40 6 240 8 1920

Pedestal fan 150 1 150 6 900

Exhaust Fan 50 3 150 5 750

Television 95 1 95 12 1140

Iron 1100 1 1100 1 1100

Washing 450 1 450 2 900

Machine

Energy savers 25 2 50 8 400

Blender 240 1 240 1 240

Cooler 330 1 330 6 1980

Computer 120 1 120 2 240

Fridge 140 1 140 24 3360

Boring water 746 1 746 1 746

pump

Fans 80 4 320 1 320

Energy savers 10 2 20 10 200

Total 16356

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 ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION

CALCULATIONS OF TOTAL UNITS CONSUMED/MONTH:

Total No. of Kilowatt.hrs consumed in weekdays= 14496x5

= 72480 watt.hrs
= 72.480 Kw.hrs

Total No. of Kilowatt.hrs consumed in weekends= 16356x2

= 32712 watt.hrs
= 32.712 Kw.hrs

Total No. of Kilowatt.hrs consumed in a week= 72.480+32.712

= 105.192 Kw.hrs
Total No. of Kilowatt.hrs consumed in a month= 105.192x4
= 420.768 Kw.hrs

Or we can say that total No. of units consumed in a month= 420.768 units

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF UNITS CONSUMED IN A YEAR:

Units

500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Units

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 ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF AMPERES CONSUMED IN A MONTH:

Amperes

Fans Tube Lights Pedestal Fan Exhaust Fan

Television Iron Washing Machine Energy savers
Blender Cooler Computer Fridge
Boring water pump Fans Energy savers

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF GAS USAGE IN A CALENDER YEAR:

HM3

2.5

1.5

0.5

HM3

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 ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION

CARBON FOOTPRINT:
The carbon footprint is a measure of the total amount of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and other
greenhouse gas emissions that are directly or indirectly caused by an activity, or which are
accumulated over the life span of a product, person, an organisation, or even a city or state.
[3]Carbon foot printing is a measure by which a company or individual can calculate how much
carbon emissions they have produced during a project or time period.

Three main types of emissions exist:

Direct emissions that result from activities that the organisation controls:
The majority of direct emissions will result from combustion of fuels which produce CO2
emissions, e.g. the gas used to provide heating for a building. Some organisations will also directly
emit other greenhouse gases e.g. the burning and production of cement. [3]

Emissions from the use of electricity:

Workplaces generally use electricity for lighting and equipment. Electricity generation comes
from a range of sources, including renewables. In the Pakistan however, around 80% is produced
through the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal and gas. [3] Although not directly in control
of the emissions, by purchasing the electricity the organisation is indirectly responsible for the
release of CO2.

Indirect emissions from products and services:

Each product or service purchased by an organisation contributes towards emissions. [3]The way
the organisation uses products and services therefore affects its carbon footprint, e.g. a
manufacturing company is indirectly responsible for the CO2 that is emitted in the transport of
the raw materials, as well as emissions from the distribution, use and disposal of its finished
products.

WHY CALCULATE A CARBON FOOTPRINT?

There are typically two main reasons for wanting to calculate a carbon footprint:

1. To manage the footprint and reduce emissions over time.

2. To report the footprint accurately to a third party. [4]

 Throughout the process of calculating a carbon footprint, always be clear, consistent and
transparent.

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 ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION

CALCULATION OF CARBON FOOTPRINT/DAY:

For the calculation of carbon footprint firstly energy consumptions are taken in Kwh for
electricity consumption, Litres for consumption of fuel and KJ for the consumption of food.
When all the energy consumptions values are recorded it is then converted into equivalent
carbon dioxide emissions using the standard table given by DEFRA. [4]

1. Father:
Electricity: Fan, Tube light, Cooler, Energy saver, T.V, Iron, Computer
80x6+40x5+330x6+25x3+95x6+1100x0.5+120x1= 3.975 kWh x 0.34885 kg CO2
= 1.38667 kg CO2
Fuel: CNG
10 litres x 0.49150 kg CO2
= 4.915 kg CO2

2. Mother:
Electricity: Fan, Tube light, Cooler, Energy saver, Fridge, Blender, Iron, T.V
80x5+40x6+330x8+25x2+140x3+240x0.5+1100x0.5+95x8= 5.180 kWh x 0.34885 kg CO2
= 1.80704 kg CO2
Fuel: Diesel, Natural Gas
6 litres + 0.303 m3 = 6 x 2.57843 kg CO2 + 0.303 x 2.09267 kg CO2
= 16.10455901 kg CO2
3. Sister:
Electricity: Fan, Tube light, Cooler, Energy saver, Fridge, Iron, T.V
80x7+40x7+330x6+25x2+140x4+1100x0.5+95x8= 4.740 kWh x 0.34885 kg CO2
= 1.653549 kg CO2
Fuel: Natural Gas
0.213 m3 x 2.09267 kg CO2 = 0.44573871 kg CO2
4. Sister:
Electricity: Fan, Tube light, Cooler, Computer, Fridge, and T.V
80x4+40x3+330x8+120x3+140x0.5+95x8= 4.270 kWh x 0.34885 kg CO2
= 1.4895895 kg CO2
5. Me:
Electricity: Fan, Tube light, Cooler, Energy saver, Iron, Fridge, Computer
80x5+40x5+330x6+25x3+1100x0.5+140x0.5+120x5= 3.875 x 0.34885 kg CO2
=1.35179375 kg CO2

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 ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION

METHODS OF MINIMISING THE CARBON FOOTPRINT:

Several methods exist for reducing an individuals or an organisations carbon footprint.

1. Planting trees is one of the most common and simplest forms of carbon footprint reduction.
Trees absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and hence can be used to offset carbon emissions.
[3]
2. Recycling waste materials such as household, industrial and construction waste can be a
valuable method of carbon footprint reduction as the carbon content of the new materials
which would have otherwise been used can be offset. [3]
3. Many energy saving technologies exist which can contribute towards carbon footprint
reduction, from cheap and simple measures such as installing low energy light bulbs to more
expensive measures such as using electric vehicles. Renewable energy generation can also be
used for offsetting a carbon footprint, such as wind turbines and solar panels. [3]

OPPORTUNITIES TO REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION:

There are many methods by the application of which we can conserve energy, some of them
are listed below:

1. Replacement of fluorescent tubes with led tubes.

2. Replacement of lamps with led lamps.
3. Replacement of fans with low wattage fans.
4. Replacement of monitors with led monitors.
5. Replacement of air conditioners with 4 star air conditioners.
6. 10 watts led tube is equal to 40 watts fluorescent tube.
7. 25 watts led tube is equal to 100 watts bulbs.
8. Usage of Iron at the late hours.

By replacing all these equipment’s with above devices we can save up to 64H of energy
consumption. Replacing of all these equipment involves a lot of money investment but in due
course we can achieve in payback period after that it is very economical. [1]

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 ENERGY AUDIT REPORT AND CARBON FOOTPRINT REPRESENTAION

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

[1] A. &. S. )ollege, “AVR&SVR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY AVR&SVR COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY,” DIPLOMA EEE (2013-16), vol. III, no. 03, p. 6, 2016.

[2] S. L. n. NissangaNishad Rasanajan Mendis. Department ofElectrical Engineering University

ofMoratuwa Katubedda, “ENERGY AUDIT: A CASE STUDY,” mendis2006, vol. I, no. 01, p. 6, 2006.

[3] L. U. I. Repository, “Carbon footprint,” Loughborough University's Institutional Repository , p. 6, 14

April 2010.

[4] C. Trust, “Carbon footprinting An introduction for organisations,” The Carbon Trust , London, 2007.

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