MA2161-Transforms and partial differential equation

UNIT I

FOURIER SERIES

PART A

1. Define Fourier series in (𝑐, 𝑐 + 2𝑙).

2. Define Euler’s formula.
3. Find the constant term for 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥𝑖𝑛(−𝜋, 𝜋).
4. State Dirichlet’s conditions.
5. Find 𝑏𝑛 for 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 𝑖𝑛(−𝜋, 𝜋)
6. If f(x) is an odd function defined in (−𝑙, 𝑙), then what are all the values of 𝑎0 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑛 .
7. Find the Fourier constant 𝑏𝑛 for xsinx in (−𝜋, 𝜋).
8. +
9. Define RMS value.
10. Find the root mean square value of the function f(x)=x in (0, 𝑙).
11. Find the coefficient 𝑏5 of cos5x in the Fourier series of f(x)=sin5x in the interval (0, 𝜋).
12. Find RMS value of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 in (0, 𝜋).
13. Find 𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑓𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 in (−𝜋, 𝜋).
14. Find 𝑎𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 −𝑥 in (-π, π).
15. What do you mean by harmonic analysis.
16. State parseval’s identity of f(x) as Fourier series in (0,2l).
0, 0<𝑥<𝜋
17. If the Fourier series for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = { is
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥, 𝜋 < 𝑥 < 2𝜋
1 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠6𝑥 1 1 1 𝜋−2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝜋 + 𝜋 [ + + + ⋯ ] deduce that − 3.5 + 5.7 − ⋯ ∞ = .
1.3 3.5 5.7 1.3 4
18. If f(x) is discontinuous at x=a, what does its Fourier series represents at that point.
19. Write the complex form of the Fourier Series for f(x) defined in (𝑐, 𝑐 + 2𝑙).
𝑎
20. If the Fourier series corresponding to f(x)=x in the interval (0,2𝜋) is 20 +
∑∞
𝑛=1(𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥 + 𝑏𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥), without finding the values of 𝑎0 , 𝑎𝑛 , 𝑏𝑛 find the value of
𝑎0 2 2
+ ∑∞ 2
𝑛=1(𝑎𝑛 + 𝑏𝑛 ).
2

PART B

1. Find the Fourier series of period 2 for the function f(x) = ex, -< x <.
Deduce the series for / sinh.
2. Find the Fourier series for the function f(x) = (-x)2, 0 < x < 2.
 1 1 2
1  2  2  ...  .
Deduce 2 3 6
3. Find the Fourier series for f(x) = | x | when -< x <.
4. Find the Fourier series of f(x) = cosx, in -< x < where  is not an integer.
1 1  2 
  2 2 
Deduce that cot =   n 1 n   
5.
6. Find the Fourier series for 𝑓(x) = 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 in the interval (0,2𝜋).
7. Find the Fourier series for 𝑓(x) = 𝑥 2 in the interval (0,2𝜋)
8. Find the Fourier series of periodicity 3 for 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 in the interval 0 < 𝑥 < 3
𝑙 − x, 0 ≤ x < 𝑙
9. Obtain the Fourier series of 𝑓(x) of period 2𝑙 given𝑓(x) = { . Hence
0, 𝑙 ≤ x < 2𝑙
1
deduce the sum to infinity of the series ∑∞𝑛=0 (2n+1)2

10. Find the Fourier series for 𝑓(x) = |cos 𝑥| in the interval (−π, π).
11. Obtain the half range cosine series for𝑓(x) = x in (0, π).
12. Find the half range sine series for𝑓(x) = x cos x in (0, π).
13. Find the half range sine series for𝑓(x) = x(π − x) in (0, π) and deduce that
1 1 1
− 33 − 53 − ⋯ ∞
13
1 1
14. Find the Fourier series for f(x) = x2 in (−π, π)Hence find + 24 + … ∞.
14
15. Find the Fourier series expansion of period 𝑙 for the function 𝑓(x) =
x in (0, 𝑙 ⁄2) 1 1
{ Hence find the sum of the series 4 + 4 + ⋯ ∞
𝑙 − x in (𝑙 ⁄2, 𝑙) 1 3

16. Obtain the half range cosine series of 𝑓(x) = (π − x 2 ) the interval (0, π).Hence find the
1 1
sum of the series 14 + 24 + … ∞.
𝑙 4𝑙 𝜋𝑥 1 3𝜋𝑥
17. Prove that in the interval 0 < 𝑥 < 𝑙,𝑥 = 2 − 𝜋2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 32 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + ⋯ ) and deduce that
𝑙 𝑙
1 1 𝜋4
14
+ 34 + ⋯ = 96

 x, 0 x   / 2
18. Find the half range cosine series for the function f ( x)   . Deduce
  x  / 2  x  

1
the sum of the series  .
n 1 ( 2n  1)
2

19. Expand the function f(x) = sinx, 0 < x < in a half-range sine series and cosine series.
20. Find the Fourier series of f(x) = sinx, in -< x < where  is not an integer.
21. Find the half range sine series of f ( x)  lx  x 2 ,0  x  l .
𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋
22. Find the Fourier series expansion of 𝑓(𝑥) = { . Deduce
2𝜋 − 𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋
 1 1 1 𝜋2
that 12 + 32 + 52 + ⋯ ∞ = .
8

23. Find the Fourier series expansion of 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 − 𝑥 2 in the interval (−𝑙, 𝑙).
24. Find the Fourier expansion of 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 − 𝑥 2 in the interval (−1,1).

25. Express f(x) = x in half range cosine and sine series of periodicity 2L in the range 0 < x <
1 1
L and deduce the value of 1  4  4  ...... to .
3 5
26. Find the complex form of the Fourier series of the function 𝑓(x) = 𝑒 x in −𝜋 < x <
𝜋and f(x + 2π) = f(x).
27. Find the complex form of Fourier series of 𝑓(x) = 𝑒 ax (−𝜋 < 𝑥 < 𝜋) in the form 𝑒 ax =
sinh 𝑎𝜋 𝑎+𝑖𝑛
∑∞
−∞(−1)
𝑛
𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝜋 𝑎2 +𝑛2

28. Find the Fourier series upto second harmonic for the following:
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
𝑓(x) 9 18 24 28 26 20

29. Find the Fourier series upto third harmonic for the following:

x 0 π/3 2π/3 π 4π/3 5π/3 2π

y 1.0 1.4 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.0

UNIT – II

FOURIER TRANSFORMS

PART A

1. State Fourier integral theorem.(Nov / Dec – 2010)

2. Define Fourier transform pair.(Nov / Dec 2010 , 2011)
3. State inverse theorem for a complex Fourier transform. (Nov / Dec 2008 )
1 𝑠
4. Prove that 𝐹[𝑓(𝑎𝑥)] = 𝑎 𝐹 (𝑎). (April / May -2008)
5. Find the Fourier transform of𝑒 −𝑎𝑥 . (Nov / Dec 2010 , May /June-2012)
6. Define Fourier sine transform of f(x) and state its inversion formula. (April /May -
2010)
7. Define Fourier cosine transform of f(x) and state its inversion formula.
8. State the convolution theorem of Fourier transform. (Nov / Dec 2012)
9. State Modulation theorem on Fourier transform.
10. Find the Fourier sine transform of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 .
 11. Write the Parseval’s identity for Fourier transform.
12. What is the Fourier transform of f(x-a) if the Fourier Transform of f(x) is f(s). (May
/June 2012)
13. Find the Fourier Cosine transform of 𝑒 −𝑎𝑥 , 𝑥 ≥ 0.
14. Prove that 𝐹[𝑒 𝑖𝑎𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝐹(𝑠 + 𝑎), where 𝐹[𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝐹(𝑠).
𝑒 −𝑎𝑠
15. Find the function f(x) whose sine transform is .
𝑠
1
16. Find the Fourier sine transform of 𝑥. (Nov / Dec 2011) (April /May 2010)
17. Find the fourier sine transform of 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 𝑖𝑛(0, 𝑙). (April /May – 2007)
18. Find 𝐹{𝑥 𝑛 𝑓(𝑥)} in terms of Fourier transform of f(x).
19. If 𝐹𝑐 (𝑠) is the fourier cosine transform of f(x), prove that the Fourier cosine transform
1 𝑠
of f(ax) is 𝑎 𝐹𝑐 (𝑎). (April / May – 2011)
20. State the Fourier transforms of the derivatives of a function. (Nov / Dec – 2008)

PART B

1. Find the Fourier integral representation of f(x) defined as

0, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 < 0
1
i. 𝑓(𝑥) = { , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0 . (Nov / Dec 2010 , 2012)
2
−𝑥
𝑒 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 0.

1 − 𝑥2, 𝑖𝑓 |𝑥| < 1

2. Find the Fourier transform of 𝑓(𝑥) = { .
0 , 𝑖𝑓 |𝑥| > 1
∞ 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑥
3. Hence evaluate ∫0 ( ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑑𝑥. (April / May – 2011)
𝑥3
x2 s2
 
2 2
4. Show that the transform of e is e by finding the Fourier transform of

e a x , a > 0. (Nov / Dec 2012)

2 2

𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 |𝑥| ≤ 𝑎
5. Find the Fourier transform of f(x) given by 𝑓(𝑥) = {
0, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 |𝑥| > 𝑎 > 0

(Nov /Dec -2011)

2 − |𝑥|, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 |𝑥| < 2

6. Find the Fourier transform of f(x) given by 𝑓(𝑥) = { .
0, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 |𝑥| > 2
 ∞ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 2 𝜋 ∞ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 4 𝜋
Hence show that ∫0 ( ) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∫0 ( ) 𝑑𝑡 = 3 .(Nov / Dec 2012)
𝑡 2 𝑡

𝑎 − |𝑥| , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 |𝑥| < 𝑎

7. Find the Fourier Transform of 𝑓(𝑥) = { . Hence Show that
0, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 |𝑥| > 𝑎 > 0
∞ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 2 𝜋 ∞ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 4 𝜋
∫0 ( ) 𝑑𝑡 = and ∫0 ( ) 𝑑𝑡 = (Nov / Dec – 2008)
𝑡 2 𝑡 3

𝑥 , 0<𝑥<1
8. Find the Fourier sine transform of 𝑓(𝑥) = { 2 − 𝑥 , 1<𝑥<2
0 , 𝑥>2

(April / May -2011, Nov /Dec -2010)

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 𝑎

9. Find the Fourier sine transform of f(x) given by 𝑓(𝑥) = {
0, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 𝑎

(April / May – 2010)

e  ax
10. Find the Fourier sine transform of . (Nov / Dec – 2011)
x

11.Find the cosine transform of e  a x .

2 2

2
12.Find the cosine transform of𝑒 −𝑥 . (Nov / Dec – 2011)
x 1
13. Find the Fourier sine transform of 2 and Fourier Cosine transform of 2 .
x a 2
x  a2
1
14. Find the Fourier sine and cosine transform of 𝑥 𝑛−1 and hence prove 𝑥 is self reciprocal
√
under Fourier sine and cosine transforms. (Nov / Dec – 2010)
e  as
15. Find the function if its sine transform is , a >0
s
16. Find the Fourier sine and Cosine transforms of e-x and hence using the inversion

x sin ax    cos x
formulae, show that  dx  e  dx
0 1  x 2
2 0 1  x 2


dx
17. Evaluate
0
 (x
 a )( x 2  b 2 )
2 2
using transform methods.

(April / May -2011, Nov / Dec 2010)

18. Derive the Parseval’s identity for Fourier Transforms. (Nov / Dec 2010)
 
dx
19. Using Parseval’s identity calculate  (x
0
2
 a2 )2
.

1 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 |𝑥| < 𝑎

20. Find the Fourier transform of f(x) given by 𝑓(𝑥) = {
0 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 |𝑥| > 𝑎 > 0
∞ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 2 𝜋
and using Parseval’s identity prove that ∫0 ( ) 𝑑𝑡 = 2 . (April / May – 2011)
𝑡

UNIT III

PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

PART A

1. Find the partial differential equation of all planes having equal intercepts on the x
and y axes.
2. Find the solution of 𝑝𝑥 2 + 𝑞𝑦 2 = 𝑧 2.
3. Form the partial differential by eliminating the arbitrary function from
𝑥
∅ (𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦, 𝑧 ) = 0.
4. Find the singular integral of the partial differential equation
𝑧 = 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞𝑦 + 𝑝2 − 𝑞 2 .
5. Form the partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary function from
𝑥
𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑓 (𝑧 ). (NOV/ DEC 2010), (MAY/JUNE 2012)
6. Find the particular integral of (𝐷2 − 2𝐷𝐷′ + 𝐷′2 )𝑧 = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 .(NOV/ DEC 2010)
7. Form the partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary constants a and
b from 𝑧 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )(𝑦 2 + 𝑏 2 ).
8. Form the partial differential equation by eliminating the function from
𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑡) + 𝑔(𝑥 − 𝑡).
9. Find the complete solution of the partial differential equation √𝑝 + √𝑞 = 1.
10. Form the partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary function 𝑧 =
𝑥
𝑓 (𝑦).
11. Find the complete integral of 𝑧 = 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞𝑦 + √𝑝𝑞.
𝜕2 𝑧
12. Find the general solution of = 0.
𝜕𝑥 2
13. Solve (𝐷2 − 3𝐷𝐷′ + 2𝐷′2 )𝑧 = 0.
14. Find the complete integral of p+q=pq.
15. Find the general solution of 𝑝√𝑥 + 𝑞 √𝑦 = √𝑧.
 16. Find the complete integral of p+q=x+y.
17. Find the general solution of ptanx+qtany=tanz.
18. Form the partial differential equation by eliminating the arbitrary constants a and
b from the equation (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑧 2 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 ∝.
𝜕2 𝑡 𝜕2 𝑡
19. Find the particular integral of 𝜕𝑥 2 − 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥 − 𝑦).
20. Find the complete integral of 𝑝 − 𝑞 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦.

PART B

1. Form a partial differential equation by eliminating a and b from the expression

(x-a)2 + (y-b)2 + z2 = c2.

2. Form a partial differential equation by eliminating arbitrary functions from

3. z = xf(2x+y) + g(2x+y).
4. Solve z = px+qy+p2q2(May – 2010)
5. Form the partial differential equation by eliminating arbitrary function from
 z 
xy  yz  zx  f   .
 x  y 
6. Form the partial differential equation by eliminating arbitrary function from
xyz   ( x  y  z ).
7. From the PDE by eliminating arbitrary function
𝜑(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 , 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧) = 0(May /June-2012 , Nov/Dec -2010)
8. From the PDE by eliminating arbitrary function f and 𝜑 from Z = f(x+ct)+ 𝜑(𝑥 − 𝑐𝑡)
(April / May -2011)

9. Solve p2 + q2 = x – y.
10. Solve py2 – xyq = x(z-2y).
11. Solve: p(1+q) = qz.
12. Solve z = px + qy + p2 + pq +q2.(APR 2009)
13. Solve z= px +qy +p2-q2.(NOV2006, DEC2008)
14. Solve : p3 + q3 = 8z.(APR 2010)
15. Solve: x(z2-y2)p + y(x2 – z2)q = z(y2-x2).(NOV 2008)
16. Solve the equation (x2-y2-z2)p + 2xyq = 2zx.
17. Solve z2(p2+q2) = x2+y2.
18. Solve : x(y2+z)p + y(x2+z)q = z(x2-y2).
19. Solve x(y – z)p +y(z – x)q = z(x –y) (Dec – 2011 , April -2008)
20. Solve. (3z-4y)p + (4x-2z)q = 2y-3x.(DEC 2008)
21. Solve the PDE (mz – ny)p+(nx – lz)q = (ly – mx) (April / May -2011)
22. Solve x2(y-z)p + y2(z – x)q = z2(x-y).(Nov/Dec -2010 , May /June-2012)
23. Solve (D3+D2D’-4DD’2-4D’3)Z = cos (2x+y) (Nov/Dec -2010 , May /June-2012)
 24. Solve (2D2-DD’-D’2+6D+3D’)Z = xey (Nov/Dec -2010 , May /June-2012)

UNIT IV

APPLICATIONS OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

PART-A

1. Write down the three possible solution of one dimensional heat equation.
2. Give three possible solution of two dimensional steady state heat flow equation.
3. A tightly stretched string with fixed end points 𝑥 = 0 and𝑥 = 𝑙 is initially in a
𝜋𝑥
position given by 𝑦(𝑥, 0) = 𝑣0 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 ( 𝑙 ). If it is released from the rest in this
position, write the boundary conditions.
𝜕2 𝑦 𝜕2 𝑦
4. In the equation of motion of vibrating string = 𝑐 2 𝜕𝑥 2 , what does 𝑐 2 stand
𝜕𝑡 2
for?
5. Write all the solution of Laplace’s equation.
6. If the ends of a string of length 𝑙 are fixed and the mid point of the string is drawn
aside through a height ‘h’ and the string is released from rest, state the initial and
boundary conditions.
7. A rod 30cm long has its ends A and B kept at 200 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑800 𝑐 respectively, until
steady state conditions prevail. Determine the temperature at steady state.
8. The ends A and B of a rod 𝑙𝑐𝑚 long have the temperature 400 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑900 𝑐 until
steady state prevails. Find the temperature in the rod at that state.
9. What does 𝑎2 represents in one dimensional heat flow equation 𝑢𝑡 = 𝑎2 𝑢𝑥𝑥 .
10. An insulated rod of length 60cm has its ends A and B maintained at 200 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑800
respectively. Find the steady state solution of the rod.
11. Classify the partial differential equation 𝑦 2 𝑈𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑈𝑈𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑈𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑈𝑥 −
3𝑈𝑦 = 0.
12. What are the possible solution of one dimensional wave equation.
13. Define steady state.
𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕𝑢
14. Classify the PDE 3 𝜕𝑥 2 + 4 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 + 6 𝜕𝑦 2 − 2 𝜕𝑦 − 𝑢 = 0.
15. Classify the PDE 𝑓𝑥𝑥 − 𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 0.
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
16. Solve the equation 3 𝜕𝑥 + 2 𝜕𝑦 = 0 given that 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 4𝑒 −𝑥 by the method of
separation of variables.
17. What is the basic difference between the solutions of one dimensional wave
equation and one dimensional heat equation.
 18. In steady state conditions derive the solution of one dimensional heat flow
equation.
𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
19. Classify the PDE + 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 + 𝜕𝑦 2 = 0.
𝜕𝑥 2
20. Classify the PDE 𝑥 2 𝑓𝑥𝑥 + (1 − 𝑦 2 )𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 0, −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞, −1 < 𝑦 < 1.

PART B

1. A string is stretched and fastened to two points l apart. Motion is started by displacing the
string into the form f(x) = k(lx – x2), where k is a constant from which it is released at
time t = 0. Find the displacement at any point of the string at a distance x from one end at
any time t.

2. A tightly stretched string of length 2l is fixed at both ends. The midpoint of the string is
displaced by a distance ‘b’ transversely and the string is released from rest in this
position. Find the displacement at any point of the string at any subsequent time.

3. A tightly stretched string with fixed end points x = 0 and x = l is initially at rest in
equilibrium position. If it is set vibrating giving each point a velocity 𝜆𝑥(𝑙 − 𝑥), find the
displacement at any point of the string at a distance x from one end at any time t.

4. A string of length l is initially at rest in its equilibrium position and each of its points
𝑙
𝑐𝑥, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 0 < 𝑥 < 2
given by the velocity v such that 𝑣 = { 𝑙
𝑐(𝑙 − 𝑥), 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 2 < 𝑥 < 𝑙.
Determine the displacement function y (x,t).
5. A tightly stretched string of length l cm is initially in a position given by y at
 x 
y ( x,0)  y 0 sin 3   . If it released from rest from this position, find the
 l 

displacement any time and at any distance from the end x = 0.

6. If a string of length a is initially at rest in its equilibrium position and each point
cx 0  x  a/2
v
is given a velocity v such that c(a  x) a / 2  x  a
Find the displacement y (x,t) at any time t and at any distance x.
7. Find the temperature u(x,t) in a silver bar of length 10cm which is perfectly insulated laterally if the
ends are kept at c and if initially the temperature is 5C at the centre of the bar and falls uniformly to
zero at its ends.
8. A rod 30cm long has its ends A and B kept at 200C and 800C respectively until steady
state conditions prevail. The temperature at each end is then suddenly reduced to 00C and
kept so. Find the resulting temperature function u(x,t) taking x = 0 atA.

9. The ends A and B of a rod l cm long have their temperature kept at 300C and 800C, until
steady state conditions prevail. The temperature of the end B is suddenly reduced to 600C
and that of A is increased to 400C. Find the temperature distribution in the rod after time
t.

10. A rectangular plate with insulated surface is bounded by the liens x = 0, y = 0, x = a and
y = b. The temperature at short edge x = 0 and y = 0 are kept at 00C and other edges kept
at 1000C. Find the steady state temperature at any point in the plate.

11. A rectangular plate with insulated surface is 10 cm wide and so long compared to its
width that may be considered infinite in length without introducing appreciable error. The
𝑥𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5
temperature at shot edge y = 0 is given by 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = { and all
(10 − 𝑥)𝑓𝑜𝑟 5 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10.
other three edges are kept at 00C. Find the steady state temperature at any point of the
plate.

12. An infinitely long rectangular plate with insulated surface is 10 cm wide. The two long
edges and one short edge are kept at zero temperature, while the other short edge x = 0 is
kept at temperature 100

13. An infinitely long uniform plate is bounded by two parallel edges and an end at right
angle to them. The breadth of the edge x = 0 is , this end is maintained at temperature as
u = k( y – y2) at all points while the other edges are at zero temperature. Find
temperature u (x, y) at any point of the plate in the steady state.

14. A metal rod of length 100 cm has one end A kept at 0C and the other end B at 100C
until steady state conditions prevail. At t= 0 the temperature at A is then suddenly raised
to 50C and thereafter maintained while at the same time t = 0 the end B is insulated.
Find the temperature at any point of the rod at any subsequent time.

15. A rod of length ‘a’ cm has its ends A and B kept at 0C and 100C respectively until
steady-state conditions prevail. If the temperature at B is reduced suddenly to 0C and
kept so, while that of A is maintained, find the temperature u(x,t) at a distance x from A
and at time t.
16. A bar 40 cm long has originally a temperature of 0C along all its length. At time t = 0,
the temperature at the end x = 0 is raised to 50C, while that at the other end is raised to
100C. Determine the resulting temperature distribution.
 UNIT V

Z TRANSFORMS

PART-A

1. Define Z-transform.
2. Find𝑍[𝑎𝑛 ].
𝑛𝜋
3. Find 𝑍 [𝐶𝑜𝑠 ].
2
4. Find 𝑍[𝑡].
5. Find𝑍[𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 ].
6. Find𝑍[𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝜋].
7. Find 𝑍[𝑡𝑒 −2𝑡 ]
8. Find 𝑍[𝑒 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡].
9. State initial and final value theorem.
10. Define the unit step sequence. Write its Z-transform.
11. Find the difference equation generated by 𝑦𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 + 𝑏2𝑛 .
𝑧
12. If 𝑓(̅ 𝑧) = 𝑧𝑒 −𝑇 then find lim 𝑓(𝑡).
𝑡→∞
𝑛
13. Find the Z transform of 𝑛2 .
𝑎𝑛
, 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑛 ≥ 0,
14. Find the Z transform of 𝑥(𝑛) = { 𝑛! .
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒.
10𝑧
15. If 𝑓(̅ 𝑧) = (𝑧−1)(𝑧−2) then find f (0).
16. If𝑍[𝑓(𝑛)] = 𝑓 (̅ 𝑧). What is 𝑍[𝑎𝑛 𝑓(𝑛)] and𝑍[𝑎−𝑛 𝑓(𝑛)].
17. Find the Z-transform of 2𝑛 ∗ 𝑛.
18. State Convolution theorem for Z-transform.
19. Solve 𝑦𝑛+1 − 2𝑦𝑛 = 0 given 𝑦0 = 2.
20. Find 3𝑛 ∗ 3𝑛 using Z-transform.

PART-B
8𝑧 2
1. Find 𝑧 −1 [(2𝑧−1)(4𝑧+1)] using convolution theorem.
 𝑧 3
2. Using convolution theorem, find the inverse Z-transform of (𝑧−4) .
3. Solve the equation 𝑦𝑛+2 − 3𝑦𝑛+1 + 2𝑦𝑛 = 2𝑛 given that 𝑦0 = 𝑦1 = 0
𝑧 2 −3𝑧
4. Find 𝑧 −1 [(𝑧−5)(𝑧+2)] using residue theorem.
𝑧(𝑧+1)
5. Find the inverse Z-transform of (𝑧−1)3 by residue method.
𝑧 3 +3𝑧
6. Find the inverse Z-transform of (𝑧−1)2 (𝑧 2 +1)
𝑑
7. If 𝑍[𝑓(𝑛)] = 𝐹(𝑧), prove that 𝑍[𝑛𝑓(𝑛)] = (−𝑧) 𝑑𝑧 𝐹(𝑧). Hence find 𝑍[𝑛2𝑛 ].

𝑧
8. Find the inverse Z-transform of [(𝑧−1)2 ].
(𝑧+1)

𝑧2
9. Using convolution theorem, find the inverse Z-transform of [(𝑧−2)(𝑧−3)].

10. Solve, using z-transform , 𝑦𝑛+2 − 4𝑦𝑛+1 + 3𝑦𝑛 = 0 given 𝑦0 = 2 and 𝑦1 = 4.

11. Solve, using z-transform , 𝑦𝑛+2 + 4𝑦𝑛+1 + 3𝑦𝑛 = 3𝑛 given 𝑦0 = 0 and 𝑦1 = 1.

12. Find the Z-transform of 𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡.

𝑛𝜋
13. Find the Z-transform of cosnθ and sinnθ. Hence find Z[cos 2 ].

14. Find Z transforms(i) an (ii) nan (iii) n (iv) 1/n (v) cosnθ (vi)ancosnθ
2n  3 1 n
(vii) (viii) (ix) cos
n  1n  2 (n  1)( n  2) 3
z2 z2
15. Find the inverse Z transforms of the following (i) (ii)
( z  a)( z  b) ( z  2) ( z  4)
2

z2 z3 z 3  3z 12 z 2
(iii) ( z  1)( z  3) (iv) ( z  2)( z  1) (v) ( z  1) ( z  1) (vi) (3z  1) (4 z  1)
2 2 2

8z 2 z ( z  1) z ( z 2  z  2) z2
(vii) (2 z  1) (4 z  1) (viii) ( z  1) (ix) ( z  1) ( z  1) (x) ( z  a )
3 2 2

16. Solve y n+2 +6 y n+1 + 9 y n = 2n given y0 =y1 =0 using Z-transform.

17. Solve y n+2 - 5 y n+1 + 6 y n = 36 given y0 =y1 =0 using Z- transform.
18. Solve the difference equation y n+3 – 3 y n+1 + 2 y n = 0 given that

y(0) = 4,y(1)= 0 and y(2) = 8 by the method of Z-transform.

19. Using Z-transform solve difference equation y (n+2) – 4 y (n+1) +4 y(n) = 0 given that
y(0) =1and y(1) = 0.
20. Using Z-transforms solve 𝑢(𝑛 + 2) − 5𝑢(𝑛 + 1) + 6𝑢(𝑛) = 4𝑛 given that
𝑢(0) = 0, 𝑢(1) = 1.