Jyotiṣa 1

Jyotiṣa
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Jyotiṣa 2

Jyotish (Sanskrit: ज्योतिष, IPA: [ɟjoːtiʂə]), also anglicized Jyotish and Jyotisha, is the Hindu system of astrology (also
known as Indian astrology, Hindu astrology, and of late, Vedic astrology). Traditionally, it has three branches:[1]
Actually the word Jyotish which belongs to the Vedangas. There are six Vedangas: Shiksha (phonetics), Kalpa
(rituals), Vyakarana (grammar), Jyotishya (astronomy), Nirukta (etymology) and Chhandas (metrics). These are
mentioned in the Upanishads. Nirukta has explained as dhyotiti yat tat jyotihi jyotisham i.e. which enlightens us that
type of a flame a Jyoti that is Jyotish.

Branch English Definition

Siddhanta traditional Indian astronomy.

Samhita predicting important events based on analysis of astrological dynamics in a country's horoscope or general transit events
such as war, earthquakes, political events, financial positions, electional astrology; house and construction related
Medini mundane
matters (Vāstu Shāstra), animals, portents, omens etc.
Jyotisha astrology

Hora Predictive astrology based on analysis of natal horoscopes and the moment a query is made.

The latter two are part of predictive astrology (Phalita). Conceptually, therefore, Indian astrology has two branches,
Ganita (Siddhanta) and Phalita (Samhita plus Hora).
The foundation of Jyotisha is the notion of bandhu of the Vedas or scriptures, which is the connection between the
microcosm and the macrocosm. The practice of Jyotisha primarily relies on the sidereal zodiac, which is different
from the tropical zodiac used in Western astrology in that an ayanamsa adjustment is made for the gradual
precession of the vernal equinox. Jyotisha includes several nuanced sub-systems of interpretation and prediction with
elements not found in Hellenistic astrology, such as its system of lunar mansions (nakshatras).
Astrology remains an important facet in the lives of many Hindus. In Hindu culture, newborns are traditionally
named based on their jyotish charts, and jyotish concepts are pervasive in the organization of the calendar and
holidays as well as in many areas of life, such as in making decisions made about marriage, opening a new business,
and moving into a new home. To some extent, astrology even retains a position among the sciences of modern
India.[2] Following a controversial judgement of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in 2001, some Indian universities
even offer advanced degrees in astrology.[3]

History
The term jyotiṣa in the sense of one of the Vedanga, the six auxiliary disciplines of Vedic religion, is used in the
Mundaka Upanishad and thus likely dates to Mauryan times. The Vedanga Jyotisha redacted by Lagadha dates to the
Mauryan period, with rules for tracking the motions of the Sun and the Moon.
The documented history of Jyotishas {see http:/ / www. astrowebindia. com/ visit/ OLD1. html} begins with the
interaction of Indian and Hellenistic cultures in the Indo-Greek period. The oldest surviving treatises, such as the
Yavanajataka or the Brihat-Samhita, date to the early centuries CE. The oldest astrological treatise in Sanskrit is the
Yavanajataka ("Sayings of the Greeks"), a versification by Sphujidhvaja in 269/270 CE of a now lost translation of a
Greek treatise by Yavanesvara during the 2nd century CE under the patronage of the Western Satrap Saka king
Rudradaman I.[4]
The first named authors writing treatises on astronomy are from the 5th century CE, the date when the classical
period of Indian astronomy can be said to begin. Besides the theories of Aryabhata in the Aryabhatiya and the lost
Arya-siddhānta, there is the Pancha-Siddhāntika of Varahamihira.
The main texts upon which classical Indian astrology is based are early medieval compilations, notably the Bṛhat
Parāśara Horāśāstra, and Sārāvalī by Kalyāṇavarman. The Horashastra is a composite work of 71 chapters, of
which the first part (chapters 1-51) dates to the 7th to early 8th centuries and the second part (chapters 52-71) to the
later 8th century. The Sārāvalī likewise dates to around 800 CE.[5] English translations of these texts were published
by N.N. Krishna Rau and V.B. Choudhari in 1963 and 1961, respectively. According to Late. Shri VPK Poduval,
Jyotiṣa 3

famous astrologer of South India, based at payyanur, kerala, Hora-shasthra is defined as "Demand of the second".
Moreover Shri.Chithrabhanu K Poduval, young and able astrologer of present period, who too lives in payyanur,
kerala explaines this as "Account of deeds" which is well informed in a persons horescope.
Historically, the study of astrology in India was an important factor in the development of astronomy in the Early
Middle Ages.

Elements

Vargas
There are sixteen varga (Sanskrit: varga, 'part, division'), or divisional, charts used in Jyotisha:[6]

Varga Divisor Chart Purpose

Rasi 1 D-1 Natal chart

Hora 2 D-2 Overall wealth

Drekkana 3 D-3 Siblings

Chaturtamsha 4 D-4 Properties

Trimshamsha 5 D-5 Morals, ethics, spiritual values

Saptamsha 7 D-7 Children

Navamsha 9 D-9 Spouse, Etc.

Dashamsha 10 D-10 Earning Career

Dwadashamsha 12 D-12 Parents, Grandparents

Shodhashamsha 16 D-16 Vehicles

Vimshamsha 20 D-20 Upasana-s, Sādhana-s

Chaturvimsha 24 D-24 Education (higher)

Saptavimshamsha 27 D-27 Vitality

Khavedamsha 40 D-40 Quality of life

Akshavedamsha 45 D-45 (From here on out,the birth time must be absolutely precise or the divisional chart is incorrect!!)

Shastiamsha 60 D-60 Used to differentiate between twins, etc., etc.

Jyotiṣa 4

Chart styles
There are two chart styles used in Jyotiṣa:

North Indian South Indian

valign="top" |

Grahas – the planets

Graha (Devanagari: , Sanskrit: graha, 'seizing, laying hold of,
holding'.)[7]
Nine grahas, or navagrahas, are used in Jyotisha:[8]

South Indian

Sanskrit Name English Name Abbreviation Gender Guna

Surya (सूर्य) Sun Sy or Su M Sattva

Chandra (चंद्र) Moon Ch or Mo F Sattva

Mangala (मंगल) Mars Ma M Tamas

Budha (बुध) Mercury Bu or Me N Rajas

Brihaspati (बृहस्पति) Jupiter Gu or Ju M Sattva

Shukra (शुक्र) Venus Sk or Ve F Rajas

Shani (शनि) Saturn Sa M Tamas

Rahu (राहु) North Lunar Node Ra M Tamas

Ketu (केतु) South Lunar Node Ke M Tamas

Planets in maximum exaltation, mooltrikona (own sign), and debilitation, are:[9]

Jyotiṣa 5

Graha Exaltation Mooltrikona Debilitation Sign Rulership

Sun 10° Aries 4°-20° Leo 10° Libra Leo

Moon 3° Taurus 4°-20° Cancer 3° Scorpio Cancer

Mars 28° Capricorn 0°-12° Aries 28° Cancer Aries, Scorpio

Mercury 15° Virgo 16°-20° Virgo 15° Pisces Gemini, Virgo

Jupiter 5° Cancer 0°-10° Sagittarius 5° Capricorn Sagittarius, Pisces

Venus 27° Pisces 0°-15° Libra 27° Virgo Taurus, Libra

Saturn 20° Libra 0°-20° Aquarius 20° Aries Capricorn, Aquarius

Rahu and Ketu are exalted in Taurus/Scorpio and debilitated in Scorpio/Taurus respectively. They are also exalted in
Gemini and Virgo.
The natural planetary relationships are:[10]

Graha Friends Neutral Enemies

Sun Moon, Mars, Jupiter Mercury Venus, Saturn

Moon Sun, Mercury Mars, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn Mercury, Venus, Saturn

Mars Sun, Moon, Jupiter Venus, Saturn Mercury

Mercury Sun, Venus Mars, Jupiter, Saturn Moon

Jupiter Sun, Moon, Mars Saturn Mercury, Venus

Venus Mercury, Saturn Mars, Jupiter Sun, Moon

Saturn Venus, Mercury Jupiter Sun, Moon, Mars

Rahu, Ketu Mercury, Venus, Saturn Mars Sun, Moon, Jupiter

Rāshis – the zodiac signs

Rāshi (Sanskrit: rāśi, 'part'.) In Jyotisha, the zodiac is called kalpurusha, the eternal time that has no beginning or
end. In the Vedas, the ecliptic is referred to as the Sudarshan Chakra, the wheel in the hand of Lord Vishnu, the
creator of the universe. The entire chakra is 360°, and is divided into 12 rāshis of 30° each, representing 12
constellations that are the zodiac signs. The progression through the zodiac signs represents the cosmic evolution of
the soul. Jyotisha uses the sidereal zodiac.[11]

Number Sanskrit Name Western/Greek Name Tattva (Element) Quality Ruling Planet

1 Meṣa (मेष) "ram" Aries (Κριός "ram") Tejas (Fire) Cara (Movable) Mars

2 Vṛṣabha (वृषभ) "bull" Taurus (Ταῦρος "bull") Prithivi (Earth) Sthira (Fixed) Venus

3 Mithuna (मिथुन) "twins" Gemini (Δίδυμοι "twins") Vayu (Air) Dvisvabhava (Dual) Mercury

4 Karkaṭa (कर्कट) "crab" Cancer (Καρκίνος "crab") Jala (Water) Cara (Movable) Moon

5 Siṃha (सिंह) "lion" Leo (Λέων "lion") Tejas (Fire) Sthira (Fixed) Sun

6 Kanyā (कन्या) "girl" Virgo (Παρθένος "virgin") Prithivi (Earth) Dvisvabhava (Dual) Mercury

7 Tulā (तुला) "balance" Libra (Ζυγός "balance") Vayu (Air) Cara (Movable) Venus

8 Vṛścika (वृश्चिक) "scorpion" Scorpio (Σκoρπιός "scorpion") Jala (Water) Sthira (Fixed) Mars

9 Dhanus (धनुष) "bow" Sagittarius (Τοξότης "archer") Tejas (Fire) Dvisvabhava (Dual) Jupiter

10 Makara (मकर) "sea-monster" Capricorn (Αἰγόκερως "goat-horned") Prithivi (Earth) Cara (Movable) Saturn
Jyotiṣa 6

11 Kumbha (कुम्भ) "pitcher" Aquarius (Ὑδροχόος "water-pourer") Vayu (Air) Sthira (Fixed) Saturn

12 Mīna (मीन) "fish" Pisces (Ἰχθεῖς "fish") Jala (Water) Dvisvabhava (Dual) Jupiter

The zodiac signs in Jyotisha correspond to parts of the body:[12]

Sign Part of Body

Mesha (Aries) head

Vrisha (Taurus) mouth

Mithuna (Gemini) arms

Karka (Cancer) two sides

Simha (Leo) heart

Kanya (Virgo) digestive system

Tula (Libra) umbilical area

Vrikchika (Scorpio) generative organs

Dhanu (Sagittarius) thighs

Makara (Capricorn) knees

Kumbha (Aquarius) Lower part of legs

Meena (Pisces) feet

Bhāvas – the houses

Bhāva (Sanskrit: bhāva, 'division'.) In Jyotisha, the natal chart is the bhava chakra (Sanskrit: chakra, 'wheel'.) The
bhava chakra is the complete 360° circle of life, divided into houses, and represents our way of enacting the
influences in the wheel. Each house has associated karaka (Sanskrit: karaka, 'significator') planets that can alter the
interpretation of a particular house.[13]

House Name Karakas Meanings

1 Lagna Sun outer personality, physique, health/well-being, hair, appearance

2 Dhana Jupiter, Mercury, Venus, Sun, wealth, family relationships, eating habits, speech, eyesight, death
Moon

3 Sahaja Mars natural state, innate temperament, courage, valor, virility, younger siblings

4 Sukha Moon inner life, emotions, home, property education, mother

5 Putra Jupiter creativity, children, spiritual practices, punya

6 Ari Mars, Saturn acute illness, injury, openly known enemies, litigation, daily work, foreigners, service

7 Yuvati Venus, Jupiter business and personal relationships, marriage, spouse, war, fighting

8 Randhara Saturn length of life, physical death, mokṣa, chronic illness, deep and ancient traditions

9 Dharma Jupiter, Sun luck, fortune, spirituality, dharma, guru, father

10 Karma Mercury, Jupiter, Sun, Saturn dream fulfillment, knees and spine, current karmas, career, sky themes (being 12am/mid
heavens

11 Labha Jupiter gains, profits from work, ability to earn money, social contexts and organizations

12 Vyaya Saturn loss, intuition, imprisonment, feet, foreign travel, moksha

Jyotiṣa 7

Nakshatras
Nakshatra (Devanagari: नक्षत्र, Sanskrit: nakshatra, 'star', from naksha, 'approach', and tra, 'guard') or lunar
mansion is one of the 27 divisions of the sky, identified by the prominent star(s) in them, used in Jyotisha.[14]
The 27 nakshatras cover 13°20’ of the ecliptic each. Each nakshatra is divided into quarters or padas of 3°20’:

# Name Location Ruler Pada 1 Pada 2 Pada 3 Pada 4

1 Ashvinī (अश्विनी) 0 - 13°20' Aries Ketu चु Chu चे Che चो Cho ला La

2 Bharanī (भरणी) 13°20' - 26°40' Aries Venus ली Li लू Lu ले Le पो Lo

3 Krittikā (कृत्तिका) 26°40' Aries - 10°00' Taurus Sun अA ईI उU एE

4 Rohini (रोहिणी) 10°00' - 23°20' Taurus Moon ओO वा Va/Ba वी Vi/Bi वु Vu/Bu

5 Mrigashīrsha (म्रृगशीर्षा) 23°20' Taurus - 6°40' Gemini Mars वे Ve/Be वो Vo/Bo का Ka की Ke

6 Ārdrā (आर्द्रा) 6°40' - 20°00' Gemini Rahu कु Ku घ Gha ङ Ng/Na छ Chha

7 Punarvasu (पुनर्वसु) 20°00' Gemini - 3°20' Cancer Jupiter के Ke को Ko हा Ha ही Hi

8 Pushya (पुष्य) 3°20' - 16°20' Cancer Saturn हु Hu हे He हो Ho ड Da

9 Āshleshā (आश्लेषा) 16°40' Cancer - 0°00' Leo Mercury डी Di डू Du डे De डो Do

10 Maghā (मघा) 0°00' - 13°20' Leo Ketu मा Ma मी Mi मू Mu मे Me

11 Pūrva or Pūrva Phalgunī (पूर्व फाल्गुनी) 13°20' - 26°40' Leo Venus नो Mo टा Ta टी Ti टू Tu

12 Uttara or Uttara Phalgunī (उत्तर फाल्गुनी) 26°40' Leo - 10°00' Virgo Sun टे Te टो To पा Pa पी Pi

13 Hasta (हस्त) 10°00' - 23°20' Virgo Moon पू Pu ष Sha ण Na ठ Tha

14 Chitrā (चित्रा) 23°20' Virgo - 6°40' Libra Mars पे Pe पो Po रा Ra री Ri

15 Svātī (स्वाति) 6°40' - 20°00 Libra Rahu रू Ru रे Re रो Ro ता Ta

16 Vishākhā (विशाखा) 20°00' Libra - 3°20' Scorpio Jupiter ती Ti तू Tu ते Te तो To

17 Anurādhā (अनुराधा) 3°20' - 16°40' Scorpio Saturn ना Na नी Ni नू Nu ने Ne

18 Jyeshtha (ज्येष्ठा) 16°40' Scorpio - 0°00' Sagittarius Mercury नो No या Ya यी Yi यू Yu

19 Mūla (मूल) 0°00' - 13°20' Sagittarius Ketu ये Ye यो Yo भा Bha भी Bhi

20 Pūrva Ashādhā (पूर्वाषाढ़ा) 13°20' - 26°40' Sagittarius Venus भू Bhu धा Dha फा Bha/Pha ढा Dha

21 Uttara Ashādhā (उत्तराषाढ़ा) 26°40' Sagittarius - 10°00' Capricorn Sun भे Bhe भो Bho जा Ja जी Ji

22 Shravana (श्रवण) 10°00' - 23°20' Capricorn Moon खी Ju/Khi खू Je/Khu खे Jo/Khe खो Gha/Kho

23 Shravishthā (धनष्ठा) or Dhanistā 23°20' Capricorn - 6°40' Aquarius Mars गा Ga गी Gi गु Gu गे Ge

24 Shatabhishā (शतभिषा)or Shatataraka 6°40' - 20°00' Aquarius Rahu गो Go सा Sa सी Si सू Su

25 Pūrva Bhādrapadā (पूर्वभाद्रपदा) 20°00' Aquarius - 3°20' Pisces Jupiter से Se सो So दा Da दी Di

26 Uttara Bhādrapadā (उत्तरभाद्रपदा) 3°20' - 16°40' Pisces Saturn दू Du थ Tha झ Jha ञ Da/Tra

27 Revatī (रेवती) 16°40' - 30°00' Pisces Mercury दे De दो Do च Cha ची Chi

Jyotiṣa 8

Daśā-s - the planetary periods

Dasha (Devanagari: दशा, Sanskrit,daśā, 'planetary period'.) The dasha system shows which planets will be ruling at
particular times in Jyotisha. There are several dasha systems; however, the primary system used by astrologers is the
Vimshottari dasha system. The first maha dasha is determined by the position of the natal Moon. Each maha dasha is
divided into subperiods called bhuktis. Vimshottari dasha lengths are:[15]

Maha Dasha Length Bhuktis

Ketu 7 Years Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury

Venus 20 Years Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu

Sun 6 Years Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus

Moon 10 Years Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun

Mars 7 Years Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon

Rahu 18 Years Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars

Jupiter 16 Years Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu

Saturn 19 Years Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter

Mercury 17 Years Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn

Drishtis - the planetary aspects

Drishti (Sanskrit: drishti, 'sight'.) In Jyotisha, the aspect is to an entire sign, and grahas only cast forward aspects:[16]

Graha Houses

Sun 7th

Moon 7th

Mercury 7th

Venus 7th

Mars 4th, 7th, 8th

Jupiter 5th, 7th, 9th

Saturn 3rd, 7th, 10th

Rahu 5th,7th,9th, 12th

Ketu No aspect

Gocharas - the transits

Gochara (Sanskrit: gochara, 'transit'.) In Jyotisha, a natal chart shows the actual positions of the grahas at the
moment of birth. Since that moment, the grahas have continued to move around the zodiac, interacting with the natal
chart grahas. This period of interaction is called gochara.[17]
The transit of planet signifies many things, including a money flow possibilities for an individual. Believe it or
not,there are specific Yanthras, like Dhana Aagaman Yanthra, which will give money flow at specific periods.
According to Astrologer Shri.Chithrabhanu K Poduval of Poduval community of payyanur,kerala, this
yanthra-money flow gadget will deliver money exactly within a 27 day period, making flow for four quarters in a
years time. Share market watchers, and people who earn with luck demands this kind of yanthras. Here lies the
importance of Transit.
Jyotiṣa 9

Yogas - the planetary combinations

Yoga (Sanskrit: yoga, 'union'.) In Jyotisha, yogas are planetary combinations placed in specific relationships to each
other.[18]
Kalasarpa Yoga If all planets (excepting Uranus, Neptune, Pluto) are 1-side of Rahu and Ketu, it becomes
Kala-Sarpa Yoga. Kala-Sarpa means "Black snake." Traditional astrology sees this as the harbinger of many
maladies—however, more recent interpretations view it in a different light. According to Barbara Pijan: Kala-Sarpa
Yoga is a rather late accrual to the Jyotisha inventory of planetary yogas.
Historically, Rahu and Ketu gained prominence in the Jyotisha commentary literature starting around 600-800 C.E.
-- long after the main body of literary classics were recorded. Therefore Kala-Sarpa Yoga is not listed in the hoary
classical works such as Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra.
Since its medieval rise to popularity, however, Kala-Sarpa Yoga has captured the interests of practicing Jyotishi.
Similar to the common but ridiculously over-simplified beliefs surrounding Kuja dosha ("mangalika") KSY is
believed to entail many horrible & crippling consequences. According to ganitha Jyothisha shasthra explained by
poduval astrologers of Payanur, a small temple town of kerala, India, Kaala Sarpa Dosha parihara can be done by
Sarpa dosha Parihaara Pooja at an individuals house, with providing a Naaga Prathishta(Snake idol) to keep at sacred
place at individuals home. For more information about the same a person with Kaala Sarpa Dosha can consult
Shri.Chithrabhanu K Poduval (Astrologer and one and only Planetary Cause investigator available guiding about this
kind of Doshas.
Kala-Sarpa Yoga is associated with dreadful experiences like suffering from poisons, relentless catastrophes, sudden
and disastrous changes in every aspect of life, and every type of scandal. The victim may be homeless,
unmarriageable, unemployable, or a pariah -- all due to this single excruciating planetary configuration.
In truth, few of these terrifying results will manifest. What the yoga does involve is a rather deep and complex
psychological compulsion to re-enact a past-life memory of being a human sacrifice.
This psycho-mental condition may lead to obsessive-compulsive behavior of giving over one's life force to the goals
and needs of others (including giving one's life for one's tribe or nation) -- until the native learns to consciously
control it.

Dig bala - the directional strength

Dig bala (Sanskrit: dig bala, 'directional strength'.) Graha-s gain strength when they are placed in specific cardinal
houses:[19]

House Grahas Direction

1st Jupiter, Mercury East

4th Venus, Moon North

7th Saturn West

10th Sun, Mars South

Jyotiṣa 10

Horoscopy

Lagna – the ascendant

Lagna (Sanskrit: lagna, 'ascendant'.) Lagna is the first moment of contact between the soul and its new life on earth
in Jyotisha.[20]

Atmakaraka - the soul significator

Atmakaraka (Sanskrit: atmakaraka, from atma, 'soul', and karaka, 'significator' .) Atmakaraka is the significator of
the soul's desire in Jyotisha.[21]

Gandanta - the karmic knot

Gandanta (Sanskrit: gandanta, from gand, 'knot', and anta, 'end'.) Gandanta is a spiritual or karmic knot in Jyotisha.
Gandanta describes the junction points in the natal chart where the solar and lunar zodiacs meet, and are directly
associated with times of soul growth.[22]

Ayanamsa - the zodiac conversion

Ayanamsa (Sanskrit: ayanāṃsa , from ayana, 'movement', and aṃsa, 'component') is the longitudinal difference
between the Tropical (Sayana) and Sidereal (Nirayana) zodiacs.[23]

Moudhya - the combustion

Moudhya (Sanskrit: moudhya, 'combustion') is a planet that is in conjunction with the Sun. The degrees the planets
are considered combust are:[24]

Graha Degree

Moon 12

Mercury 13

Venus 9

Mars 17

Jupiter 11

Saturn 15

Sade sati - the critical transit

Sadi sati, the transit of Saturn over the natal Moon, is the most important transit in a birth chart and takes
approximately 7.5 years to complete. The transit begins when Saturn enters the house before the Moon, and ends
when Saturn departs the house after the Moon. The most intense phase is when Saturn is 2-3° on either side of the
Moon. The beginning of the transit will give an indication of the issues to be addressed. Sade sati results in a
complete transformation, usually with a change in career or life direction.[25]
Jyotiṣa 11

Panchangam
Panchangam (Sanskrit: pañcāṅgam, from panch, 'five' and anga, 'limbs'.) The panchangam is a Hindu astrological
almanac that follows traditional Indian cosmology, and presents important astronomical data in tabulated form.
Panchangam means five limbs, or five lights that influence every day.[26]

In modern India
David Pingree notes that astrology and traditional medicine are the two traditional sciences that have survived best in
modern India, although both have been much transformed by their western counterparts.[27]
A number of Indian universities currently offer advanced degrees in Jyotisha, including Benaras Hindu
University.[28]

Innovations
New approaches developed by Hindu astrologers in the modern epoch include the following:
• New Techniques of Predictions by the late Mr. H.R.S. Iyer. In the 1960s, H.R. Seshadri Iyer, introduced a
system including the yoga point, which became popular in the West.
• Systems' Approach for Interpreting Horoscopes by Mr. V.K. Choudhry. In the early 1990s, Indian Vedic
Astrologer and Author, V.K. Choudhry introduced the Systems' Approach for Interpreting Horoscopes a
simplified system of Jyotish (predictive astrology). The system, also known as "SA", helps those who are trying
to learn Jyotisha.
• Krishnamurti Paddhati by the late Mr. K. S. Krishnamurti. The system developed by Shri Krishnamurti is
mainly based on the analysis of the stars (nakshatras), by sub-dividing the stars in the ratio of the dasha of the
concerned planets. The system is also known as "KP" and "sub theory".

Controversy
In the early 2000s, under the Bharatiya Janata Party led government, astrology became a topic of political contention
between the religious right and academic establishment, comparable to the "Creation science" debate in US
education. The University Grants Commission and the Ministry of Human Resource Development of the
Government decided to introduce "Jyotir Vigyan" (i.e. jyotir vijñāna) or "Vedic astrology" as a discipline of study in
Indian universities, backed up by a decision by the Andhra Pradesh High Court, despite widespread protests from the
scientific community in India and Indian scientists working abroad.[29] In September of the same year, the Supreme
Court of India issued a notice to the Ministry of Human Resource Development in reaction to a petition, stating that
the introduction of astrology to university curricula is "a giant leap backwards, undermining whatever scientific
credibility the country has achieved so far".[30] In 2004, the Supreme Court dismissed a further petition, judging that
the teaching of astrology does not qualify as promotion of religion.[31] In modern India

Relation between astrology and karma

Charles Keyes, professor emeritus at the University of Washington and E. Valentine Daniel, professor of
anthropology at Columbia University state that many Hindus believe that heavenly bodies, including the planets,
have an influence throughout the life of a human being, and these planetary influences are the "fruit of karma." [32]
The Navagraha, planetary deities, are considered subordinate to Ishvara, i.e., the Supreme Being) and are believed by
many to assist in the administration of justice.[33] Thus, these planets can influence earthly life.[34]
Such planetary influences are believed by many to be measurable using astrological methods including Jyotiṣa, the
Hindu system of astrology.[35]
Jyotiṣa 12

See also
• http://www.srisivanadi.com/
• http://www.divinescripts.com/
• Jyotiṣa resources
• Bhrigu Samhita
• Hindu calendar
• Hindu cosmology
• Hindu chronology
• Nadi astrology
• Electional Astrology- Vedic Muhurta
• Phonetical astrology- Swar Shaastra
• Planets in astrology
• Tithi
• Indian astronomy
• History of astrology
• List of numbers in Hindu scriptures

Notes
[1] What is Jyotisha Astrology (http:/ / exploreastrology. co. uk/ JyotishaAstrology. html)
[2] "In countries such as India, where only a small intellectual elite has been trained in Western physics, astrology manages to retain here and
there its position among the sciences." David Pingree and Robert Gilbert, "Astrology; Astrology In India; Astrology in modern times"
Encyclopedia Britannica 2008
[3] Mohan Rao, Female foeticide: where do we go? Indian Journal of Medical Ethics Oct-Dec2001-9(4) (http:/ / www. issuesinmedicalethics.
org/ 094co123. html); T. Jayaraman, A judicial blow, Frontline Volume 18 - Issue 12, Jun. 09 - 22, 2001 (http:/ / www. hinduonnet. com/
thehindu/ fline/ fl1812/ 18120970. htm)
[4] Mc Evilley "The shape of ancient thought", p385 ("The Yavanajataka is the earliest surviving Sanskrit text in horoscopy, and constitute the
basis of all later Indian developments in horoscopy", himself quoting David Pingree "The Yavanajataka of Sphujidhvaja" p5)
[5] David Pingree, Jyotiḥśāstra (J. Gonda (Ed.) A History of Indian Literature, Vol VI Fasc 4), p.81
[6] Sutton pp.61-64.
[7] Sanskrit-English Dictionary by Monier-Williams, (c) 1899
[8] Sutton pp.38-51.
[9] Sutton p.21.
[10] Sutton p.21.
[11] Sutton p.74.
[12] Charak, Dr. K.S. (1996). Essentials of Medical Astrology, Uma Publications, pp.5-6.
[13] Sutton pp.93-167.
[14] Sutton p.168.
[15] Sutton p.211.
[16] Sutton pp.26-27.
[17] Sutton p.227.
[18] Sutton p.265.
[19] Sutton pp.25-26.
[20] Sutton p.96.
[21] Sutton p.326.
[22] Sutton pp.61-64.
[23] Sutton p.11.
[24] Sutton p.33.
[25] Sutton p.231-232.
[26] Sutton, Komilla (2007). Personal Panchanga and the Five Sources of Light, The Wessex Astrologer Ltd, England, p.1.
[27] David Pingree, review of G. Prakash, Science and the Imagination of Modern India, Journal of the American Oriental Society (2002), p. 154
f.
[28] Department of Jyotish, Faculty of Sanskrit Vidya Dharma Vijnan Sankaya (http:/ / www. bhu. ac. in/ svdv/ departments. html)
Jyotiṣa 13

[29] T. Jayaraman, A judicial blow, Frontline Volume 18 - Issue 12, Jun. 09 - 22, 2001 (http:/ / www. hinduonnet. com/ thehindu/ fline/ fl1812/
18120970. htm)
[30] Supreme Court questions 'Jyotir Vigyan', Times of India, 3 September 2001 (http:/ / timesofindia. indiatimes. com/ articleshow/
1843762777. cms)
[31] Supreme Court: Teaching of astrology no promotion of religion (http:/ / judis. nic. in/ supremecourt/ qrydisp. asp?tfnm=26188); Introduction
of Vedic astrology courses in universities upheld (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2004/ 05/ 06/ stories/ 2004050602931400. htm)
[32] Karma, an anthropological inquiry, pg. 134, at http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=49GVZGD8d4oC& pg=PA132& dq=shani+ karma&
lr=& cd=2#v=onepage& q=shani%20karma& f=false
[33] Karma, an anthropological inquiry, pg. 134, at http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=49GVZGD8d4oC& pg=PA132& dq=shani+ karma&
lr=& cd=2#v=onepage& q=shani%20karma& f=false
[34] Karma, an anthropological inquiry, pg. 134, at http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=49GVZGD8d4oC& pg=PA132& dq=shani+ karma&
lr=& cd=2#v=onepage& q=shani%20karma& f=false
[35] Karma, an anthropological inquiry, pgs. 133-134, at http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=49GVZGD8d4oC& pg=PA132& dq=shani+
karma& lr=& cd=2#v=onepage& q=shani%20karma& f=false

References
• Sutton, Komilla (1999). The Essentials of Vedic Astrology, The Wessex Astrologer Ltd, England

Bibliography
Encyclopedic treatments
• Kim Plofker, "South Asian mathematics; The role of astronomy and astrology", Encyclopedia Britannica (online
edition, 2008)
• David Pingree and Robert Gilbert, "Astrology; Astrology In India; Astrology in modern times", Encyclopedia
Britannica (online edition, 2008)
• "Hindu Chronology", Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1911) (http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/
Hindu_Chronology)
Academic literature
• David Pingree, "Astronomy and Astrology in India and Iran", Isis - Journal of The History of Science Society
(1963), 229-246.
• David Pingree, Jyotiḥśāstra in J. Gonda (ed.) A History of Indian Literature, Vol VI, Fasc 4, Otto Harrassowitz,
Wiesbaden (1981).
• Ebenezer Burgess, "On the Origin of the Lunar Division of the Zodiac represented in the Nakshatra System of the
Hindus", Journal of the American Oriental Society (1866).
• William D. Whitney, "On the Views of Biot and Weber Respecting the Relations of the Hindu and Chinese
Systems of Asterisms"", Journal of the American Oriental Society (1866).
• Satish Chandra, "Religion and State in India and Search for Rationality", Social Scientist (2002).

External links
• Jyotiṣa (http://www.dmoz.org/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Divination/Astrology/Vedic/) at the Open
Directory Project
Article Sources and Contributors 14

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