Solution of MPPT on PV cell using

different Algorithms

Under the Supervision of

Dr. Madhu Singh

By
Shrishti Saha Shetu (2013UGEE090)
Amir Khan (2013UGEE083)
Raj Kothari (2013UGEE082)
Visesh Kodali (2013UGEE055)

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

National Institute of Technology
Jamshedpur - 831014
 CONTENTS
 Project Objective

 Timeline of the project

 Introduction to photovoltaic cell

 Simulation results of PV cell MATLAB Model

 Maximum power point tracking

 Perturb and observe algorithm for MPPT

 Simulation results for P&O algorithm

 Incremental conductance algorithm for MPPT

 Simulation results for IC algorithm

 Conclusion

 Recommendations and future prospects

 Project Objectives

• Familiarization with the basics of Photovoltaic cell and its working.

• Overview of Maximum Power Point Tracking on a PV cell.

• To get acquainted with various algorithms available for tracking MPP.

• Design and simulate MATLAB model for tracking Maximum Power Point of a PV cell

using different algorithms.

 Timeline of the Project
2/10/2017 2/20/2017 3/2/2017 3/12/2017 3/22/2017 4/1/2017 4/11/2017 4/21/2017 5/1/2017 5/11/2017 5/21/2017
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Work breakdown

Requirement Analysis

Study and Research

Matlab Modelling

Project report

Presentation
 Introduction to Photovoltaic cell

• A solar cell is an electronic device which directly converts sunlight into electricity.

• Photons in sunlight hit the solar panel and are absorbed by semiconducting materials,

such as silicon.

• The chemical bonds of the material are vital for this process to work and usually silicon is

used in two layers, one layer being doped with boron, the other phosphorus.

• An array of solar cells converts solar energy into a usable amount of direct current (DC)

electricity. An inverter can convert the power to alternating current.

Circuit diagram of PV cell

Fig: Equivalent Circuit of a PV cell

MATLAB model of PV cell

Fig: Simulink model of PV cell

Simulation results of PV cell MATLAB Model

Current

Power
Voltage Voltage

Fig: I-V Characteristics of PV cell Fig: P-V Characteristics of PV cell

 Maximum Power Point Tracking
• Maximum power point tracking is a technique in PV cell to maximize power extraction
under all conditions

• As the amount of sunlight varies, the load characteristic that gives the highest power
transfer efficiency changes, so that the efficiency of the system is optimized when the
load characteristic changes to keep the power transfer at highest efficiency.

• This load characteristic is called the maximum power point and MPPT is the process of
finding this point and keeping the load characteristic there.

• It is the purpose of the MPPT system to sample the output of the PV cells and apply the
proper resistance (load) to obtain maximum power for any given environmental
conditions.
MATLAB model for MPPT

Fig: Simulation model of MPPT on PV cell

Perturb and observe algorithm for MPPT
• Basic concepts behind this algorithm is to modify the operating voltage of the PV panel
until we obtain maximum power from it.

• If there is an increment in the power, the perturbation should be kept in the same
direction and if the power decreases, then the next perturbation should be in the opposite
direction.

• Based on these facts, the algorithm is implemented. The process is repeated until the
Maximum power point is reached. Then the operating point oscillates around the
Maximum power point.
Flow chart of P&O algorithm

Fig: Flow chart depicting the logic of P&O algorithm

MATLAB model for P&O algorithm

Fig: Simulink model for P&O algorithm to track MPPT

Simulation Results for P&O algorithm

Fig: Power and voltage curve Fig: Voltage and current curve
Simulation Results for P&O algorithm

Fig: Graph showing power output using P&O Algorithm corresponding to normal P-V curve
Incremental Conductance algorithm for MPPT

• In the incremental conductance method, the controller measures incremental changes in

PV array current and voltage to predict the effect of a voltage change.

• This method requires more computation in the controller, but can track changing
conditions more rapidly than the Perturb and Observe method (P&O).

• The incremental conductance method computes the maximum power point by

comparison of the incremental conductance (IΔ / VΔ) to the array conductance (I / V).
When these two are the same (I / V = IΔ / VΔ), the output voltage is the MPP voltage.

• Like the P&O algorithm, it can produce oscillations in power output.

Flowchart of Incremental Conductance

Fig: Flowchart depicting the logic of Incremental Conductance Algorithm.

MATLAB model for Incremental Conductance
algorithm

Fig: Simulink model for Incremental conductance algorithm to track MPP.

 Simulation result for IC algorithm

Fig: Power and voltage curve Fig: Voltage and current curve
Simulation result for IC algorithm

Fig: Graph showing power output using IC Algorithm corresponding to normal P-V curve
 Conclusion
• This project culminated in the successful construction and implementation of MATLAB
models for PV array, DC-DC converter which we then employed in the testing of our
versions of P&O and Incremental Conductance Algorithms.

• We found that our version of P&O Algorithm performed as per expectations delivering
extremely satisfactory results.

• Unfortunately the same cannot be said for our efforts towards Incremental Conductance
based MPPT as the resulting outputs do not match theoretical expectations.
Recommendation and Future prospects
• Our Future efforts will be focussed on refining our implementation of Incremental
Conductance based MPPT and we will seek to employ other algorithms as solutions for
MPPT as well.

• As of now we have marked Fuzzy Logic and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) as worthy
lines of inquiry for solutions to MPPT.

• Another line of enquiry is to construct and physically verify the functioning of the
algorithms we have simulated.