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energy. So energy is a part of our life. There are various form of energy consumption
process such as raw energy in falling water, in deposits of coal, oil and gas these are
% until 2030. Currently, over 80 % of the primary energy demand is covered by fossil
fuels. Although their reserves will last for the next decades, they will not be able to cover
the worldwide energy consumption in the long run. In view of possible climatic changes
due to the increase in the atmospheric CO2-content as well as the conceivable scarcity
of fossil fuels, it becomes clear that future energy supply can only be guaranteed
One of the most common source of renewable energy is the sun; solar energy is
clean and abundantly available form of energy. Solar energy is the radiant light and heat
from the sun that has been harnessed by human since ancient times using a range of
light buildings, to generate electricity, and provide hot water. Apart from the direct use of
The earth receives more energy in just one hour from the sun than what is
consumed in the whole world for one year. This energy comes from within the sun itself
through process called nuclear fusion reaction. In this reaction four atoms of hydrogen
combine to form one helium atom with loss of matter. This matter is emitted as radiant
energy.
Solar energy has many advantages to the people as well as in our environmental
which emit greenhouse gases that lead to global warming. And solar energy is free and
never runs out. Switching to solar energy is one of the biggest changes we can make in
our communities to curb global warming. In the other side there are several
disadvantages of using the sun as our source of energy, the fact that the solar power
cannot be harnessed during a storm, on a cloudy day and at night. But still the
advantages of solar energy out shadowed the disadvantages and it will surely overcome
investing in solar electric system because of the advantages of it, by using of these
system it can lessen the electric bill and they have reliability of the electricity on their
the said campus, especially at College of Engineering Architecture and Fine Arts
Design of a Grid tied Solar Chapter 1: The Problem and Its Background |3
Electric System At Batangas State University
Gov. Pablo Borbon Main Campus II, Alangilan, Batangas City
Bolia, M.A., Hermosa, J.C., Julongbayan, J.D.
(CEAFA) building. In that case they need to schedule the air-conditioning system and
other high consuming equipment’s at 8:00 o’clock in the morning and turn it off at 5:00
o’clock pm to save energy as well as money. The problem now is how about the
students and professor having classes at 7:00 am in the morning and exceeding at 5:00
pm, they will not be able to use some equipment’s in the said building.
University Main II- CEAFA building is that the building can be electrified without relying
too much to the utility company, by using of solar panels it can supply some of the loads
in the premises of the building during day time, and the system are connected to the
grid so that if the solar panels are not harnessing sunlight it can use the typical usage of
power in the electric company during cloudy day and night time.
assessment of the knowledge and outlook of the building of CEAFA regarding the
With this insight, the researcher decided to conduct a study on how to resolve the
aforementioned problem. Also the researchers would like to propose a grid tied solar
electric system to meet the demand of electricity in the building of CEAFA. Moreover,
the researchers expect to answer the problems regarding on the power outages and
limited source of supply of energy in generating electricity using alternative sources like
solar energy.
Design of a Grid tied Solar Chapter 1: The Problem and Its Background |4
Electric System At Batangas State University
Gov. Pablo Borbon Main Campus II, Alangilan, Batangas City
Bolia, M.A., Hermosa, J.C., Julongbayan, J.D.
The main objective of the study is to design a grid tied solar electric system at
Batangas State University Gov. Pablo Borbon Main Campus II specifically, the project
3. To determine the grid tied solar electric system capacity and electrical
Conceptual Framework
different programs paved the way for identification of profitable, realistic and workable
projects.
The applicability of the project will be examined through further research, leading
The proposed project will focus on the design of a solar power that would supply
and provide electricity in a Building covered in the study. It deals with the assessment of
the energy consumption and the demand of supply in the said area.
The data and information that will be obtained from different institutions and
some sectors of the government will help the researchers in the preparation of the plans
and specifications of the proposed grid tied solar electric system for CEAFA building.
Design of a Grid tied Solar Chapter 1: The Problem and Its Background |7
Electric System At Batangas State University
Gov. Pablo Borbon Main Campus II, Alangilan, Batangas City
Bolia, M.A., Hermosa, J.C., Julongbayan, J.D.
this research. The paradigm of this study is best expressed in the conceptual framework
The research paradigm comprises input, process and output elements. The input
element includes recommendation of location for the construction of the Grid Tied Solar
Design of a Grid tied Solar Chapter 1: The Problem and Its Background |8
Electric System At Batangas State University
Gov. Pablo Borbon Main Campus II, Alangilan, Batangas City
Bolia, M.A., Hermosa, J.C., Julongbayan, J.D.
The process includes the determination of Solar electric system capacity, size of
inverter, protective device and model and number of solar panels to be used, and
presentation of economic analysis to determine the rate of return, net present value,
The output of this project study is the proposed grid tied solar electric system that
when constructed and operated will supply electricity to the building of College of
The research study will propose a grid tied solar electric system to be
constructed at Batangas State University Main II- CEAFA building. The researchers will
conduct various activities such as site selection, feasibility and financial studies,
pertaining to design works. The study will cover review and evaluation of the national
and local development programs and studies, project selection and identification, pre-
feasibility study and knowledge on conceptual and research literatures, general design
and considerations and provisions from various electrical codes. It also includes the
specifications, estimating the project cost and identifying socio-economic benefits. The
output of the study is an electrical plan and specifications for a Grid Tied Solar Electric
Design of a Grid tied Solar Chapter 1: The Problem and Its Background |9
Electric System At Batangas State University
Gov. Pablo Borbon Main Campus II, Alangilan, Batangas City
Bolia, M.A., Hermosa, J.C., Julongbayan, J.D.
System that when constructed and operated will supply electricity to the building of
Specifically, the research study is delimited on small scale purpose only. The
project study is limited to the conditions present at Batangas State University Main II-
CEAFA building. Also it is limited to the design of a grid tied solar electric system only
the study are the students and worker of the building covered in the study. Every rooms
will be assured of enough supply of low cost electricity. Solar power is completely
natural and considered a clean and reliable energy source. Solar power systems
harness energy from the sun and transform it to electricity. With the use of solar power
systems, the renewable nature of solar PV technology, tax incentives and low system
maintenance make solar panel system a good investment for both residential and
byproducts and they will benefit the entire planet by limiting the emission of greenhouse
Design of a Grid tied Solar Chapter 1: The Problem and Its Background |10
Electric System At Batangas State University
Gov. Pablo Borbon Main Campus II, Alangilan, Batangas City
Bolia, M.A., Hermosa, J.C., Julongbayan, J.D.
gases that causes global warming. Hence, reduces the amount people spend on paying
utility bills.
power will reduce the power outages and the demand of electricity. It will result to
minimal needs of supply from different power plants and lessen the expenses in
Electrical Engineering Students. The study will provide the practical aspect of
learning in the science of electrical engineering. This will help them understand the
Researchers. This will help the researcher enhance their full abilities and
potential as future engineers. This will serve as another foundation of their knowledge
and learning experience. The procedures used in the study may serve as a frame of
researches and come up with new ideas and design in developing a solar power plant.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined operationally for clear understanding of the
study:
power plants, hydro power plants (excluding pumped storage), geothermal systems,
Flat Plate. A type of solar collector consisting of a series of flat glass or plastic
plates with black metal surfaces that absorb solar energy. [2]
Fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons, primarily coal, fuel oil or natural gas,
Grid-tie inverter. converts direct current (DC) into an alternating current (AC)
suitable for injecting into an electrical power grid, normally 120V RMS at 60Hz or 240V
RMS at 50 Hz. Grid-tie inverters are used between local electrical power
Grid-tied Electrical System. Also called tied to grid or grid tie system, is a semi-
autonomous electrical generation or grid energy storage system which links to the
mains to feed excess capacity back to the local mains electrical grid. When insufficient
electricity is available, electricity drawn from the mains grid can make up the shortfall.
Conversely when excess electricity is available, it is sent to the mains grid. [5]
generators are connected to a public-utility power grid and surplus power is transferred
onto the grid, allowing customers to offset the cost of power drawn from the utility. [6]
Passive solar. Passive solar design refers to the use of the sun’s energy for the
heating and cooling of living spaces. In this approach, the building itself or some
created by exposure to the sun. Passive systems are simple, have few moving parts,
Photovoltaic cell. is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly
when exposed to light. Solar cells are the building blocks of photovoltaic modules,
applications. [10]
Solar Concentrators. One or more mirrors or lenses that collect (focus) solar
Solar Energy. Radiant light and heat from the sun that is harnessed using a
renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar
or active solar depending on how they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it