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Follett defined management as: "the art of getting things done through people"
Lawrence appley “Management is the accomplishment of results through the efforts of other
people”.
Harold Koontz, "Management is the art of getting things done through others and with
formally organised groups.
William Glueck, “Management is the effective utilization of human and material resources
to achieve the enterprise objective.”
F.W. Taylor (father of scientific management)
"Management is an art of knowing what is to be done and seeing that it is done in the best
possible manner." (Planning and controlling)
Stanley Vance “Management is simply the process of decision-making and control over the
action of human beings for the express purpose of attaining predetermined goals.”
McFarland "a process, by which managers create, direct, maintain, and operate purposive
organizations through systematic, coordinated, cooperative human effort."
Weirich and Koontz “Management is the process of designing and maintaining an
environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently and accomplish
selected aims."
Conclusion:
Management of an organization is the process of establishing objectives and goals of the
organization periodically, designing the work system and the organization structure, and
maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, accomplish
their aims and objectives and goals of the organization effectively and efficiently.
Objectives of Management
In any organization there are different objectives and management has to achieve all
objectives in an effective and efficient manner. These objectives of management can be
classified into three categories:
1. Organizational objectives
2. Social objectives
3. Personal objectives
(i) Organisational Objectives
Management is responsible for setting and achieving objectives for the
organisation. The main objective of any organization should be to utilise human
and material resources to the maximum possible advantage, i.e., to fulfil the
economic objectives of a business.
(a) Survival: The basic objective of any business is survival. In order to survive, an
organization must earn enough revenues to cover costs.
(b) Profit: Management has to ensure that the organization makes a profit. Profit
provides a vital incentive for the continued successful operation of the enterprise.
(c) Growth: To remain in the industry, management must exploit fully the growth
potential of the organization. There are many indicators of growth such as sales
volume, increase in the employee count, the number of products or the increase in
capital investment.
(ii) Social Objectives
As a part of society, every organisation whether it is business or non-business, has
a social obligation to fulfil which is to consistently create economic value for
various constituents of society. This includes:
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Environmental friendly methods of production.
Giving employment opportunities to the disadvantaged sections of society.
Providing basic amenities like schools and crèches to employees.
(iii) Personal Objectives
Organization consists of different types of individual who joins it to satisfy their
diverse needs. The individual may seek to satisfy needs such as:
Competitive salaries and perks
Peer recognition
Personal growth and development
Management: Nature
Management as a Multidisciplinary or Science, Arts and Profession:
Management as a Multidisciplinary
Management has to get the work done through people. It has to manage people. This
is a very difficult job because different people have different emotions, feelings,
aspirations, etc. Similarly, the same person may have different emotions at different
times. So, management is a very complex job. Therefore, management uses
knowledge from many different subjects such as Economics, Information Technology,
Psychology, Sociology, etc. Therefore, it is multidisciplinary in nature.
Management as a Science:
Science can be defined as a systematic and organised body of knowledge based on
logically observed findings, facts and events. Science comprises of exact principles which
can be verified and it can establish cause and effect relations.
Main characteristics/features of science are:
1. Systematic body of knowledge: In science organised and systematic study material
is available which is used to acquire the knowledge of science. Like science in
management also there is availability of systematic and organised study material. So first
feature of science is present in management.
2. Scientific principles are derived on the basis of logical and scientific
observations: The scientists perform logical observation before deriving any principle or
theory. They are very objective while doing the observations. But when managers are
observing they have to observe human beings and observation of human being cannot be
purely logical and objective. Some kind of subjectivity enters in the observations so this
ACRONYMS
1. Multi-Dimensional
2. Continuous
3. Dynamic
4. Intangible
5. Group Activity
6. Group Goals”
7. Pervasive
IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT
“GDP depends upon Efficient Society”
1. Achieving Group Goals
2. Dynamic Organisation
3. Achieving Personal Objectives
4. Increases efficiency
5. Helps in Development of Society
MANAGEMENT AS AN ART
“CAT”
1. Based on practice and Creativity
2. Personalised Application
3. Existence of Theoretical knowledge
MANAGEMENT AS SCIENCE
“USP”
1. Universal validity
2. Systematic Body of knowledge
3. Principles based on Experimentation
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