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Blumenthal
Director, Terabit Optical Ethernet Center
Professor Electrical & Computer Engineering
Industry Partners
Upcoming Seminars – Wednesdays @ 4pm
Nov 03 - Rachel Segalman, UC Berkeley
1
Leading Global Energy Solutions
The UCSB Terabit Optical Ethernet
Center (TOEC) and the Greening of
Photonic Technologies
Daniel J. Blumenthal,
Director, Terabit Optical Ethernet Center
Professor, ECE
University of California
Santa Barbara, CA
danb@ece.ucsb.edu
TOEC Faculty and Founding Affiliates
Results Included from Research Supported under DARPA MTO 3R and LASOR programs
#W911NF-04-9-0001, #W911NF-06-1-0019, and #W911NF-05-1-0175, and Gifts from Agilent and Google.
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
3
Terabit Optical Ethernet Center at
UCSB
Mission Statement:
To lead the way in establishing a new roadmap for multi
Tbps Optical Ethernet
Create new energy efficient photonic integrated
technologies
Create a multidisciplinary center of excellence for
technologies to enable the future generations of Terabit
green optical Ethernet transport, switching and
communications
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
4
Terabit Optical Ethernet Center at
UCSB
Address the future need of ubiquitous Ethernet
communications that will require communications bandwidths
exceeding a Terabit/Sec
The underlying integration technologies
The underlying transmission and modulation technologies
The driving architectures and applications
New physics, algorithms, control and adaptation techniques
Enhance new intellectual collaborations between University
and Industry and within the University
Encourage new educational development in multidiscipline
optical communications and data communications.
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
5
TOEC Organization and Scope
Collaborations
Funded
Projects
Stanford Clean Slate
Institute- McKeown
Google Agilent Rockwell UC
DARPA Discovery
Collins
International
Laboratories and
iPhod PICO LASOR Institutes
Verizon
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
6
Projected IP Traffic Growth
Courtesy G. Epps, Cisco
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
7
Historical Growth of High-
End Router Capacity
Courtesy G. Epps, Cisco
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
8
Its Raining Data
Slide Courtesy Intel
Human Genomics
7 EB/yr, 200% CAGR
Ave. Files on HD Retail Customer DB Clinical Image DB HD video projection Physics (LHC)
54GB 600 TB ~1PB 12 EB/yr 300 EB/yr
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
9
Billions of New Sources to Come
Slide Courtesy Intel
Military ATM Medical Network Wireless Digital Robotics IP Cameras Medical In-Vehicle
Imaging Appliances Infrastructure Signage Portable Infotainment
Aerospace Kiosks Gaming Enterprise Routing & Printers Digital Security Sensors Home Residential
VoIP Switching Surveillance Automation Gateway
Industrial PC Thin Client Point of Sale Enterprise IP Services Test & Transportation Energy Factory IP Media
Security Measurement & Utilities Automation Phones
Control
50+
billion
devices.
<1%
connected
as
of
2009
D. J. Blumenthal,
Source:Series
Seminar Gérald Santucci,
– UCSB Head
Institute of UnitEfficiency
for Energy European Commission DG INFSO 20 Years of ICT Revolution: 10
The Unceasing Grail Quest , March 2009
Global Data Timeline
Slide Courtesy Intel
A Zetabyte of
2
ZB
data is
generated in
one year
1.5
ZB
126 million blogs
234 million websites
1.73 billion web users
1
ZB
Generated data
90 trillion emails sent
exceeds global Twice as much
storage data generated
than can be
500
EB
capacity
stored
Tomorrow : Quad HD 4.78 9.56 9.56 19.11 11.94 23.89 23.89 47.78
2160p Gbps Gbps Gbps Gbps Gbps Gbps Gbps Gbps
Ethernet is the most widely-installed local area network (LAN) and Data
Center technology and is moving into WAN, LH transport.
Named by Robert Metcalfe, Ethernet was originally developed from
Alohanet at Xerox Park
Ethernet can run over any physical layer.
Ethernet is inherently asynchronous with packet sizes ranging from 40
Bytes to 1522 Bytes
Gigabit Ethernet common in the DC server interface and laptops. 10-
Gigabit Ethernet moving into the DC and used for WAN and LH
transport.
40-Gigabit and 100 Gigabit Ethernet – compatible with existing 802.3
Terabit maps discussed at 2015
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
13
Example of Current DC Network
Architecture – Fat Tree
Core Core
Switch Switch
Matrix* Matrix*
4 x 10 Gbps =
40Gbps Peak
4 x 40 Top-Of-Rack Switch
through TORS
Server Ports Limited to
1Gbps
40 x 1 Gbps =
40Gbps Sustained
Server Rack
Peak
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
14
Data Center Ethernet Demands
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
15
Rationale for Terabit Optical Ethernet
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
Historical Fiber Capacity and
TOEC Roadmap
2020
Capacity Limits of Optical Fiber Networks, René-Jean Essiambre et. al., JOURNAL
OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 28, NO. 4, FEBRUARY 15, 2010
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
17
Carbon Footprint Contributions of
Information Technologies
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
19
DARPA DODN Program – LASOR a
Label Switched Optical Router
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
20
Monolithic Integration
S. C. Nicholes, et al.
Switch elements
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
21
LASOR PIC Technologies
MOTOR
Optical Buffers
Vikrant Lal, et. al., “Monolithic Wavelength Converters for High-Speed Packet-
Switched Optical Networks,” Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal Tauke-Pedretti, A., et. al., “Separate Absorption and Modulation Mach-Zehnder
of , vol.13, no.1, pp.49-57, Jan.-feb. 2007
Wavelength Converter,” Lightwave Technology, Journal of , vol.26, no.1, pp.91-98,
Jan.1, 2008
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
22
Hybrid Silicon Devices
John Bowers group
FP, ML, DFB, and DBR lasers
Waveguide detector and amplifier
(Fang et al., IEEE PTL, 20, 2008 )
(Park et al.,IEEE PTL,19 , 2007)
MLL
AMP
detector
DBR
Digital Tunable Lasers
Ring
laser
Kurcveil et al. ISLC 2010
DFB
MOD
Normalized Transmission
quasi push-pull
Etched Beam Splitters and Total Internal 0.9
Reflection Mirrors
single arm
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.3V
-1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0
Applied Voltage (V)
-50
Input SOA = 170 mA
-55
Intensity [dBm]
-60
-65 0 mA
0.5 mA
1.5 mA
2.5 mA
-70
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
1545 1550 1555 1560 1565 1570 1575 24
Wavelength [nm]
iPhoD at UCSB (Blumenthal,
PM: Dr. Scott
Bowers) Rodgers, MTO
TM: Dr. Bill Jacobs,
SPAWAR
iPhod = Fiber Like Losses on Chip -> 10x, 100x, 1000x reduction over today’s losses
ULLW Fabrication
• SiOxNy Waveguide Core by Ion Beam Deposition
• Higher index than SiO2 – smaller footprint and fewer required layers
• Low-H deposition process – critical for low loss
• Use in-depth materials characterization to identify and eliminate material losses
• H bond losses
• Rayleigh and other scattering mechanisms
• Fabricated on InP for active device integration
SiOxNy waveguides on InP and Si/InP platform
Demonstration
25
LASOR System: Power Consumption
Powers are split between optics and electronics for each Total Power: 110.7W
linecard
Power is dominated by electronics for central
components
Total power consumed by router is 110.7W
*Power consumed by synchronizers and buffers includes current drivers and
temperature controllers
** Power consumed by wavelength converters includes temperature controllers
** ECP and Arbiter powers derived from typical power consumption of FPGA
boards provided by manufacturer data sheet
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
26
How do we get to Terabit Optical Ethernet? –
100G standards being commercialized – 200G
and 400G are next – then onto Terabit
Number bits per Symbol
1024
512
256
128
64
32
16
Higher Speed Ethernet:
100 or 40 GbE? Drew Perkins,
8
dperkins@infinera.com
1 4 8 16 32 64
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
27
Comparison of Modulation
Formats @ 40/100 Gb/s
IEEE JSTQE, Vol. 12, NO. 4, pp. 615-626
PICs
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
28
Terabit Ethernet PICs – Cost, Power,
Footprint
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
29
Benefits
Time-domain, coherent
polarization-diverse signal
detection.
Highest flexibility in analyzing
advanced modulation formats.
Signal integrety test from
transmitter to receiver input.
Leverage of key RF Microwave
signal analysis.
Optical constellation Eye diagram Error Vector
diagram I carrier Magnitude
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
www.agilent.com/find/n4391a
30
Optical Coherent Modulation
Constellations – The Optical Cell Phone!!!
TOEC
1024 QAM
10 bits/
symbol @
100GHz
?
= 1Tbps
100 Tbps
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
31
PMD distorted
PMD distorted signal after CD distorted
Constellation after
Signal at receiver 1st order PMD measurement signal after 50km CD measurement
input
and correction in N4391A SMF-28 with
and correction in
data processing
900ps/km CD
N4391A data
processing
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
32
State of the Art Coherent Integrated
Modulators and Transmitters (integrated Rx
demonstrations use PC to decode not in real time!)
D. J. Blumenthal,
Seminar Series – UCSB Institute for Energy Efficiency
33
Summary