JILA Infolib - Sep Dec 2016 - Published - Article PDF

VOL. 9, NO. 1-2, Sept. - Dec.
2016 ISSN : 0974-0686
INFOLIB
A PEER-REVIEWED QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF
JHARKHAND INFORMATION & LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
Editorial Board Contents

Chief Editior :
1. Tools & Techonologies Applied for Dr. Brundaban Nahak 1
Dr. Bhaskar Karn
Disaster Management in Libraries &
Information Centers : An Overview
Associate Editors
2. Stellar Research in India: Md. Nurul Alam 9
Mr. Sanjay Kumar Karn A Scientometric Analysis Dr. Archana Shukla
Mr. Basanta Kumar Das
3. Introducing Yoga and Pranayam Dr. Manoj Kumar Sinha 21
for Library and Information Science
Advisory Board : Professionals for Stress Free and
Healthy Life :A Proposal
Dr. J.N. Satpathi
4. Users Satisfaction With Library Services: Prof. K. C. Das 29
Dr. (Prof.) H.N. Prasad
A Case Study of Bundelkhand University Dr. Kunwar Singh
Mrs. Vasanti Jain Library, Uttar Pradesh Mr. Avinash Kumar
Mr. H.K. Singh Mishra
Dr. Partha De 5. Author Metrics : A Bibliometric Study of Padma, P 34

‘E-Library Science Research Journal Ramasamy, K
Mr. K.N. Jha
6. Contemporary Issues in Library and Jayanta Kumar Tripathy 45
Mr. H.N. Mishra
Information Management: Challenges for Sushanta Kumar Pathy
Dr. Vijay Kumar M LIS Professionals
7. Students Use of Library Resources Mr. Akhilesh Kumar 50
and Services: A Case Study of Mahila Varma
Mahavidhyalaya, Dr. Kunwar Singh
Managing Editor : BHU, Varanasi
Mr. Shiva Prakash
8. Research Productivity of Himalayan Mritunjay Anand 55
Environment Scientists: A Case Study
of G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan
Environment and Development, Kosi-
Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
9. Awareness and use of Whatsapp among Rahul B. Khandare 61
Participants of the LIS Refresher Course Prashant S. Shirsat
in UGC – HRDC MDSUNIVERSITY, Ajmer Sandip B. Khandare
10. Use of Library Resources by the Faculty Tapas Kumar Bhuyan 67
Members of Private Engineering Colleges: Dr Sunil Kumar Satpathy
A Case Study of Odisha Dr. Anita Patra
Tools & Techonologies Applied for Disaster
Management in Libraries & Information Centers
: An Overview
Dr. Brundaban Nahak,
Librarian, Radhakrishna Institute of Technology & Engineering
(RITE), Bhubnaeswar, Odhisa
Abstract
Library plays very important role in generating and organizing new information as well as providing recorded
information available in documentary and other forms. These records reflect the scholarly and creative efforts
of civilization as well as its social & historical interactions. Libraries are the repositories for the record of cultural
existence. They are gift of the past from the past to the future, collected in the hope of that we have thought created
discovered will be pleasure and assistance for the coming generations. The preservation of these valuable & fragile
materials is the responsibility of the care taker of the same. One of the greatest tragedies which can trap a library is
disaster. Disaster is an unforeseen event causing great loss, upset or unpleasantness of whatever kind. A decision
to undertake disaster planning is one of the most important which a librarian should take at right time to protect the
collections. Damage caused by disaster can be prevented or reduced by proper planning and disaster management.
The inadequate protection against disaster is jeopardizing the culture of the society and the future generation..This
paper briefly describes about concept, feature, need, types, literature review, tools, Technology applied, plans of
disaster management, issues and precautions, disaster management data bases etc. It is an attempt to touch base
with all the areas relating to disaster management of libraries and information centers in simple language.
Key Words : Disaster management, Disaster management in libraries and information Centers, Disaster, Tools,
Preservation.
Introduction define disaster as a hazard causing heavy loss to

life, property and livelihood. Disasters in any library
The Library is the heart of any institution; it may be
can damage the print material, documents, records,
commercial, governmental or academic. Indeed, it is the
computer systems and the invaluable information stored
nerve centre of academic institution. A well-equipped
in different storage media. It is painful to note that most
library is therefore very vital to the education and general
librarians in various academic libraries in most parts of
information of the masses. The library is expected to aid
the World place disaster preparedness at the bottom of
in performing various roles such as research, education
their priority list.
and information in the society. Library collections
today are facing many threats. Some of them have Concept of Disaster Management
a slow but certain impact on library materials, others
The disaster is an incident which threatens human life
come suddenly and unexpectedly. No matter how the
or damage or threatens to damage a library building,
threats appear, or how they influence libraries, ability
collections, equipment and systems. A library disaster
to safeguard and preserve their collections should
is a threat which causes irreparable loss to the library
always be sustainable. Regardless of what measures
collection, building, staff, etc. The disaster in a library
are taken to preserve collections, good organization is
can come up by the way of fire, flood, earthquake,
the prerequisite for their efficiency. The key to achieving
tornado, bomb threat, civil disturbances, workplace
this goal lies in preservation management, policies that
violence and hostile situation. A disaster is a situation or
enable long-term planning and argumentative decision-
event which overwhelms local capacity, necessitating a
making.
request to a national or international level for external
Disaster management consists of all management assistance.
issues necessary to deal with incidents that threaten
According to Australian Management glossary “A
library buildings, collection, services and human lives.
serious disruption to community life which threatens or
It includes natural disaster (catastrophes, floods, fires,
causes death or injury in that community and/or damage
earthquakes, and hurricanes) human effect (war, armed
to property which is beyond the day-to-day capacity of
conflict and terrorism. Changes in energy systems and
the prescribed statutory authorities and which requires
lack of electricity supply endanger traditional library
special mobilization and organization of resources other
material but even more digital material that is useless
than those normally available to those authorities”.
without energy supply. Thus, in simple terms we can
VOL. 9, NO. 3-4, Sept. - Dec. 2016 INFOLIB - 1

The Dictionary for Library and Information Services from the library’s experience and the experience of
(2005) defines a disaster plan as a set of written others
procedures prepared by the library staff in advance
Literature Review
to deal with an unexpected occurrence that has the
potential to cause injury to personnel or damage to Review of literature is a process to identify the research
equipment or to collections and/ or to facilities sufficient problem and research gaps in a field of study. Many
to warrant temporary suspension of services. authors have contributed to the literature on disaster
management in Library & Information Centers (LICs).
A library disaster is defined as an event or series of
The LICs perform towards the society as a service centre
events which can significantly disrupt a library‘s ability
and being at helm of affairs in providing information on
to support institutional teaching and research over a
all vital aspects for the growth and development of the
period of a week or more. Sources of such disruptions
society, these centers can play much bigger role during
may include fire, flood, theft, vandalism, and explosion,
any disaster.
the sudden unavailable of key staff or damage by pests.
Matthews and Eden (1996) in a research paper on
Generally, disaster has the following effects in the
Disaster Management Training in Libraries presents
concerned areas:
the findings of a research project that certain policies
It completely disrupts the normal day to day life and practices have been suggested which should be
adopted in libraries for managing a disaster & it should
It negatively influences the emergency systems
work in cooperation; take practical measures to minimize
Normal needs and processes like food, shelter, disaster risk, preparedness for a quick response.
health, etc. are affected and deteriorate depending
National Library of Medicine (NLM), USA, has
on the intensity and severity of the disaster.
instituted Disaster Information Management Research
Features of Disaster Center (DIMRC) for preparing a long range plan to
The disaster may have the following main features:- help the National emergency preparedness, response
and recovery efforts, collecting, organizing and
Unpredictability disseminating the health information resources and
Unfamiliarity information related to disaster of natural, accidental or
deliberate origin.
Speed
Satpathy (2007) In his article Role of Libraries in
Urgency Disaster Management: Experience from NE India has
Uncertainty elaborated that during floods in 2004 in Barak Valley
of Assam libraries acted as rehabilitation centre and in
Threat coordination with NGOs and rescue teams, the library
Objectives of the Study staff also worked as rescue workers. Because all other
networks failed library provided a base for information
The disaster and the protection, preservation of the centre.
human civilization in the library is itself a great challenge.
To address the problem, the role of information through Ngulube and Magazi, (2008) defined as an unexpected
various digital sources is the key point for the present event that may drastically threaten the lives of humans
study. A well informed and well designed disaster or buildings, destroy the information infrastructure,
management plan can save the library from these disrupt and render documentary materials inaccessible
catastrophic events. to users. According to these authors, disaster cannot be
entirely prevented, but there is need to be prepared for
Need s/Aims of Disaster Management them so that their negative effects may be minimized.
The library management has to determine the Library’s Eden and Mathew (1996); Kaln, (2003) a disaster
counter emergency planning with following aims- plan consists of several independent but interrelated
To minimize the chances of any incidents occurring smaller plans. Every disaster has three phases: before,
during and after. According to them there are four
To reduce the impact of any incidents that does major components of disaster preparedness namely:
occur prevention, preparedness, response and recovery have
Recover as quickly and completely as possible been proposed.
Respond as appropriately, effectively and efficiently Buchanan (2000) stressed that librarian’s often
as possible overlook disaster preparedness even if it is fundamental
to the protection of documentary material.
Ensure any relevant lessons are learnt and applied
2 - INFOLIB VOL. 9, NO. 3-4, Sept. - Dec. 2016

Amarasiri (2005) advised librarians to prepare for natural or man-made can happen any time in any part
disaster rather than wait for events such as the tsunami of the world? In order to avoid disasters to affect the
that swept across Asia or the hurricane Katrina that library and information centre in research institutions, it
completely destroyed the Martin Luther King branch of is necessary to have a disaster management plan
the New Orleans library.
There are three main types of disaster:
Feather, Kahn & Ngulube (1991, 2003) disaster Natural Disasters
cannot be entirely prevented, but there is need to be
Human/man-made Disasters
prepared for them so that their negative effects may be
minimized. They were also of the opinion that disaster Technical Disaster
preparedness may help organizations to effectively Natural Disasters: A natural disaster is a consequence
respond to emergencies. when a natural hazard (e.g., volcanic eruption or
earthquake) affects humans. The natural disaster
Greger (2004) states that to avoid or rebuild possible
may be Rain, Flood and Cyclone, Earthquakes and
catastrophes, after a devastating loss, librarians should
drought Biological damages, Micro-organisms, insects
first of all, formulate disaster plan that ranges through
or vermin infestation, Volcanic eruptions, Cold wave
the advice on the use of water sprinkling, freeze-drying
and thunder storms, Heat waves and mud slides, Air
or vacuum drying operation and creation of duplicate
quantity: temperature and humidity, Sinkholes, etc.
copies as part of disaster plan.
Man Made Disasters: Disasters caused by human
Sidney (2002) narrated how technology and planning
action, negligence, error, or involving the failure of a
saved her library at ground zero at the Borough of
system are called man-made disasters. Man-made
Manhattan community college. She explained that “what
disasters are in turn categorized as technological
saved the library from a total disruption of services after
or sociological. Sociological disasters have a strong
the 11 September crises was technology. According
human motive, such as criminal acts, stampedes, riots
to her, some of the disaster plans are as follows:
and war. Manmade disasters may be acts of war and
keeping the web small; creating redundant paths for
terrorism, Fires, Water (broken pipes, leaking roofs,
communication and to keeping internet resources on
and blocked drains), and Explosions Liquid chemical
different hosts; keeping a list of the staff members with
pollution Building deficiencies (Structure, design,
their phone numbers and email address and web site
environment, maintenance) Power failures.
back-up.
Technical Disaster: Technological disasters are the
Types of Disaster
results of failure of technology, such as engineering
Disaster is any incident which threatens human safety failures, transport disasters, or environmental
and damages or threatens to damage a library building, disasters,collapse of shelving and other indoor structural
collection or items, equipment, systems and services. accidents. Computer system failure, Elevator failure,
Disaster can have serious financial implication and also Power failure, Heating and cooling system failure,
cause disruption of services. In fact there is no library Telecommunication failure, Risk/Disaster in Libraries,
in the world that is free from risk and disaster, whether The development and dissemination
Disaster
Natural Human-made
Geological
Sociolosical
Hydrological
Technological
Climatic & atmospheric
Wildfire

Disaster and India Counter Emergency Manual: This requires to be
set up in the library which describes the role and
India has been traditionally vulnerable to natural
responsibilities of the employees in emergency
disasters on account of its unique geo-climatic
management. In information technology scenario, there
conditions. Floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes
is a need for proper communication planning regarding
and landslides have been recurrent phenomena.
disaster.
Human-made Disaster and the Library
Disaster Management in Libraries
When invaded America to Iraq, there was occurred
Disaster Management plan is a must to be incorporated
cultural disaster since the descendants of Genghis Khan
in initial planning of establishing library and information
destroyed Baghdad in 1258.3. There was a huge loss
center. Several smaller pointers for a comprehensive
of books, records, resources of library. The International
disaster management plan, which are independent of
Committee of the Blue Shield declared on March 7, 2003,
each other but are interlinked, as parts of whole plan
that “access to authentic cultural heritage is a basic
are set forth. The disaster and its control mechanism
human right” and that “Iraq is universally recognized to
normally go through three stages-before, during and
be especially rich in cultural heritage. The loss of parts
after. All these three stages are to be kept in mind while
of that heritage would certainly represent a loss to all
planning to minimize the impact and recover out of
the peoples of the world.” Under the auspices of the
potential emergencies. At preparation stage following
Middle East Library Association, Jeff Spurr of Harvard
activities should be done in libraries:
University’s Fine Arts Library has authored the most
recent report on the condition of Iraqi academic libraries i. Establishing Collection Priorities : Establishing
since the American invasion. It lost 175,00 books and priorities is never a simple task, but it is imperative
manuscripts at the library of the University of Baghdad’s to identify important collections before a disaster so
College of Arts was reduced to ashes.” that they can be protected or removed in a timely
manner during or after a disaster.
Disaster Management for Library and Information
Centers ii. Indentifying and eliminating potential disasters:
Organize the disaster team to survey the physical
Disaster management plan must be implemented
aspects of the library and the space which its
before constructing a library building so, that it can
collections occupy. Once the necessary efforts
protect from the natural or human causing effect to
have been made to prepare the institution for
library materials and resources. The disaster and its
disaster, draw maps of the improved facility based
control mechanism normally go through three stages
on available blueprints or other building plans.
– before, during and after. All these three stages are
Once complete, include maps in this manual.
kept to be kept in mind while planning to minimize the
impact and recover out of potential emergencies. Each iii. Staff Education, Training & Updates : Education
disaster plan must cover whole of the LICs including and training are important components of a
staff, readers, and resources, sources of information, successful disaster plan. Make sure staff members
equipment and infrastructure. know how to sound alarms, shut fire doors, and read
enunciator panels. Periodic checks of emergency
Key Tools in Disaster Management
equipment should also be a part of this routine.
There are some key tools in disaster management:
iv. Enacting other Preventive measures : Under fire
Continuity Planning: In this planning process, the hazard check such items as security of inflammable
library decides the amount of disruption which is materials and trash, condition of electrical systems,
acceptable and further planning should be ensured to appliances, heating system, fuel deposits, etc.
measure the loss and manage the loss. Under the hazards check potential dangers such
Risk Management: In this risk management, the library as drainage and supply lines, steam pipes, water
depends upon the amount of risk assessment which is tanks, basins sinks, condition of roof, gutters,
likely to matter in the library services, and accordingly downspouts, exterior water mains, drainage, etc.
allocated responsibility is given to employees. An inspection sheet can be devised to inspect
and record the condition of the fire prevention
Risk Register: In this risk register, the information is system and include inspection of fire extinguishers,
recorded in a register relating to any disaster events detectors, alarms, etc.
in the library. This needs to be properly scanned by
Information Technology for Disaster Prevention :
high level authority and as such, emergency planning
committee needs to be in the library to review the issues The role of information technology for disaster
and make proper planning and commitments. preservation is more and importance in this digital

era. The information and communication sector have finance department, and security department to deal
provided a real yardstick to warn, prepare, share, with an unexpected occurrence that has the potential
respond, quickly to a disaster for minimizing its impact to cause injury to personnel or damage to equipment,
and in some cases it is even possible to avoid the collection and facilities.
damages by a natural disaster.Some of the technologies
Fire Extinguishers : There must be arranging
and mechanism may be helpful in the reduction of
appropriate fire extinguishers at the main point’s places
damage by a disaster:
of the library.
1. Remote Sensing Technology,
Emergency Evacuation : Installing emergency
2. Geographic Information System, evacuation route sings for study rooms and other
concerned departments of the library.
3. Global Positioning System,
Hang Tags: Library should provide hang tags for
4. Forecasting and Warning System,
evacuation procedures.
5. Communication Technology,
Plastic Sheet Covers: There should be purchased
6. WWW and Internet. quality plastic sheet covers for library equipments and
other materials (recommended 4mm thick) to protect
Disaster Management Plan for Libraries or
from dust, water and humidity.
Information Centre
Security Alarm System: There must be set in the
Identifying Risks library smoke alarm system to automatically aware
A prudent first step is To lisi ideographic and climatic the library staff and call monitoring agency, especially
hazards and other risks that could jeopardize the during fire and at night, weekends.
building and collections. These might include the Humidity Gouges: In the library there should be use
institution’s susceptibility to natural as well as human the thermometers and humidity gauges, so, print and
made disaster. non print material can be protected.
Emergency Lights: The proper lighting system is
Decrenslug Risks necessary for any library and there must be some
emergency lighting system for power failure and any
The disaster planner should devise a program with other problem. The emergency lighting system and
concrete goals, identifiable resources, and a schedule security alarms must be tasted every month to see if
of activities for eliminating as many risks as possible. they are in food working conditions
Staff Training : Staff training is very necessary part of
A Cooperative Plan any organization; similarly libraries must focus on staff
training, particularly in terms of disaster managements.
Disaster planning should not take place in a vacuum.
To work effectively, it must be integrated into the Dehumidifiers : There should be fixed some
routine operating procedures of the institution. Dehumidifiers in the library to protect the library
collection and equipments from humidity.
Theft and Vandalism : The following measures should
Identifying Resources be taken against theft and vandalism in the library;
Identify sources of assistance in a disaster. Determine Install cameras and other detective devices.
the supplies you will need for disaster response and
salvage efforts for your specific collections. Remain calm and do not confront the perpetrator.
Develop a written preparedness, response and
recovery plan.
Setting Priorities
Alert staff member on duty to keep a check on the
The first priority in any disaster is human safety. violator.
Saving collections is never worth endangering the
Get a good description in case the perpetrator
lives of staff or patrons.
leaves before security staff arrives.
Technologies & Plan for Disaster Written Statements Ask user politely to stop the criminal activities. If
user won’t stop them call the security immediately.
Disaster plan means a set of written procedure prepared
by a committee. The committee consists on library staff Emergency Services : The public emergency services
from every department, administration authorities, available as under, which could be approached for help

during a disaster. Bakhtiyar Khilji destroyed this monastic university along
with its library. The Vikramshila monastery built in the
Police, Call Rescue 15
8th century A.D. had a rich collection of texts in Sanskrit,
Call Rescue 1122, Fire Bridge Prakrit and Tibetan languages. Muslim invaders are
Ambulance service, Disaster management said to have caused the disappearance of the excellent
Authority collection at Vikramashila. The University of Nalanda
Library was called Dharmaganja, and it was housed in
Bomb Disaster squad three buildings named Ratnabodhi (ocean of pearls),
Install Seismometers in library Ratnasagar (sea of pearls) and Ratnaranjak (pearls
of recreation). The first building was nine storey’s high
Have first aid kits and the two others were of six storeys each. The library
Important Databases & Information Systems: also undertook to publish new volumes and preserve
Sahana ->http://www.sahana.lk/ valuable manuscripts. This superb institution did not die
a natural death through deterioration. It fall victim to the
Sahana is an integrated set of web-based disaster invading hordes of Mohammad Bakhtiyar Khilji in the
management applications that provide solutions to 13th century. The buildings, books and manuscripts, as
large-scale humanitarian problems in the aftermath of well as the scholars, all were mercilessly annihilated
a disaster. It is open-access and freely downloadable and fire was set to the establishment of Nalanda.
from this site. The main applications built into Sahana The University at Somapuri, had its own library which
and problems they address so far are as follows: possessed a wealth of Oriental literature. But the
missing person registry, organization registry university was destroyed by fire in the middle of the 11th
century A.D. The last of the famous seats of learning
request management system, camp registry, in Eastern India was Navadwipa in Bengal. It reached
situation awareness its height of glory from 1083 to 1106 A.D. as a centre
volunteer management, inventory management of intellectual excellence as well as for its rich library
facilities. However, this library was also destroyed
Natural and man-made disasters happen to libraries along with the centre by Mohammad Bakhtiyar Khilji.
in India Akbar, the greatest of Mughal emperors maintained
Libraries in India have a long history. Literature shows a very rich library. But it is said that a sizable number
that library culture in India was very strong during the of books added to the library were obtained from his
Vedic, the Buddhist, the Medieval, and the Muslim conquests, from libraries in Gujrat, Jaunpur, Kashmir,
eras. India also has a long history of experiencing Bihar, Bengal, and the Deccan. There is no record of
many disasters of different kinds. These disasters must how they were acquired: whether they were received as
have also affected libraries. However there is very little gifts, purchased or forcibly acquired. After the downfall
documentation on the damage caused to libraries. A of the Mughals, the literary wealth of the Indian libraries
very sketchy picture emerges from what is known. The was looted. In 1857, after the Sepoy mutiny, thousands
information has been scattered and is collected from of books were destroyed and thousands of important,
various references. Ancient Indian civilization had the valuable, and rare books were siphoned to England. It
world’s finest universities and centers of excellence. is believed that the Sarasvati Mahal Library at Tanjavur
Libraries in India existed in these universities and was under threat from Muslim rulers. They wanted
centers of excellence. There were some available written to burn down the Sarasvati Mahal Library which was
literatures & manuscripts form different places like books; the library also had copies of the Quran. (Palm-
gurukuls or ashramas, Jain and Buddhist monasteries, leaf,…,n.d)
and madrasas. There were universities like Nalanda The Sikh Reference Library was established at the
University, Taxsila University, Ujayani University, the Golden Temple in Amritsar on 08 February, 1947 and
University of Vallabhi, Odantapuri University which it housed rare hand-written manuscripts and scriptures
had huge libraries storing oriental literature. It is not on Sikhism. The library was set ablaze on 07 June,
known for sure what happened to these libraries. Over 1984 in the early hours of the morning. The destruction
time, they were either destroyed or merged with other of the Sikh Reference Library is a loss that can never
institutions. The University of Vallabhi built by the be replaced. “No wealth in the world can ever restore
Maitraka Kings during the years 475-775 A.D., had a what was destroyed during the Operation Blue Star
library with a variety of Eastern literature. This university by the Indian government”. (Walia, 2003, np.) In
and its library lasted until the 12th century, when they May 1995, the 600-year-old shrine at Charar-i Sharif
were said to be completely destroyed by Arab invaders. was destroyed by what the Indian occupation forces
Odantapuri University was founded by King Gopala (660- described as ‘cross-firing’ with a group of mujahideen
705 A.D.) and had a library that was rich in Brahmanical who allegedly had taken shelter there. No mujahid was
and Buddhist works. It is reported that Mohammad

found when the shooting stopped. Three years earlier, Libraries, globally and in India have suffered great
in 1992 the library at Srinagar’s main mosque was set losses to their buildings, equipment and collections.
ablaze. A large number of priceless manuscripts were It is in this context that the problem of library disaster
destroyed. (Qazi, 2011) During 1993, Thapar University management becomes relevant.
library and Panjabi University Library were affected
Conclusion
due to unprecedented floods on the night of 11 July
1993. Thapar Technology Campus was submerged A library is a valuable asset of an institution and
under 1.4 meter to 2.4 meter of water for four to five organization. To save the different types of information
days. The library on the campus had 63,000 items resource, equipments and materials of a LIC from
out of which 44,535 were destroyed completely. The several types of disaster requires proper planning and
library also lost computers, photocopying machines and management of the staff and library administrator. There
CD’s. At Panjabi University Library, there was hardly is a need to recognize workshop and training program to
any loss to the collection and equipment except that train the staff and user, time to time. Usually the librarian
a voltage stabiliser was damaged. Only those books is responsible for writing a disaster response report for
were damaged which were borrowed by the users who summarizing the incident so one should record each
lived in areas that were flood affected. (Trishanjit Kaur, aspect of disaster in the report. It will provide useful
2009) At the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy information for the next time, if any disaster occurs and
of Administration, established in 1959 to train officers trapped any institution and reorganization and it will also
for the Indian Administrative Service and the Indian helpful for reporting the details to superiors or working
Police Service, a fire broke out in 1984 and destroyed, with insurance personnel. Disaster planning is becoming
among other buildings and papers, its precious library an essential component of the overall management plan
rated amongst the best in the country. Sundarayya for LICs. The importance of an effective disaster plan is
Vignana Kendram, Hyderabad, India has two libraries: regularly demonstrated in institutions which are strongly
1. the main Research Library having a rich collection of committed to their plans. Disaster can strike at any time
rare books, journals, newspapers, reports, pamphlets, — on a small or a large scale — but if an institution is
manuscripts, private papers, and other materials prepared with right information and the plan accordingly,
in different languages from the 12th through 20th the damage may be decreased or avoided. A disaster
centuries. 2. The Urdu Research Centre Library having plan must be considered a living document. Its risk-
a valuable collection in Urdu language and literature. assessment checklist must be periodically reviewed,
Both these libraries were affected due to unusual heavy its lists must be updated, and its collection priorities
rains during the week of 21 August 2000 which caused revised as needed. Always one thing should remember
severe flooding in Hyderabad. The flood reached its peak that without right information from the right sources no
on Thursday 24 August 2000 when a fifteen-foot wall of disaster plan can be successful. An effective disaster
water inundated much of the city. Flooding ravaged the plan with strong information network and information
Sundarayya Vignana Kendram building which housed system will do its best to insure that historical collections
the two invaluable library collections. Within minutes in our cultural institutions are safeguarded for the future.
both collections were completely submerged in water.
References
(Sundarayya…., 2000).In the unique experience of the
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were completely flooded and damaged. (Satpathy, centre in Africa. Ibadan : Opton Book and
2007) In Western India, too, several libraries were information Services.
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especially in Kutch region of Gujarat. Sojitra Sarvajanik Lanka”, IFLA Journal, Vol. 31 No. 2, pp. 307-14.
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Stellar Research in India: A Scientometric
Analysis
Md. Nurul Alam Dr. Archana Shukla
Library and Information Services Faculty of Library & Information Science,
Physical Research Laboratory School of Social Sciences,
(A Unit of Department of Space, Govt. of India) Room no.143, Block F, IGNOU, Maidan Garhi
Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, INDIA New Delhi - 110068 India
alam@prl.res.in/alamprl@gmail.com archana@ignou.ac.in
Abstract
The present study explores the characteristics of the literature and growth of Stellar research (Stars) in India during
1960-2014, based on Web of Science (WoS) database and make quantitative and qualitative assessment by way of
analyzing various features of research output by using the scientometric techniques. A total of 2656 literature were
published on Stars, which received total 44732 citations. The average number of publications per year was 63.23
and the average number of citations per publication was 16.84. The publications peaked in the year 2014 with 230
publications and the highest number of citations (4347) was in 2003. This study analyzes the research studies based
on year of publication, journal, international collaboration, spatial distribution and keyword occurrence frequency.
The results of this work reveal that the publication on the Stars have grown high at a slow rate over the past 54
years and the curve fits the polynomial curve. Publications on Stars appeared in 75 journals of which most active
journal was “Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society” published by Oxford University Press on behalf of
the Royal Astronomical Society originating from United Kingdom and 547 (20.595%) of the total 2656 publications.
1573 institutions contributed of which Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore is the most productive institution.
For globalization of Stellar Research in India, the results show there were 72 Countries/territories which participated
in Stars research. USA produced maximum publications 660 that is 24.849 % of total publication with higher citations
(21946). A Keyword analysis reveals that ‘Emission’, ‘Evolution’, ‘Supernovae’, ‘Binaries’ and ‘Neutron’ are the most
used keywords.
Key Words : - Stars, Scientometric, Bibliometrics, INDIA
Introduction (WoS) was used. The Search Strategy used to conduct
Web of Science (WoS) search is as mentioned below:
A star is a luminous sphere of plasma held together by
its own gravity. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun. TS= “Stars” OR “AGB and post-AGB” = (Search Term)
Many other stars are visible to the naked eye from
Where TS is a topic search that retrieves occurrences
Earth during the night, appearing as a multitude of
of the search term in the article title, abstract, keywords
fixed luminous points in the sky due to their immense
within a time span of 1960-2014. This process was
distance from Earth (‘Stars’, n.d.). The understanding
followed for another series of search terms given by
of the birth and death of stars requires the application
Astronomical Subject Keywords (2013). These were
of almost all branches of modern physics. These areas
used to locate publications that contained the words in
include; gravitation, hydrodynamics, atomic physics,
publications’ titles, abstracts, and keyword lists.
liquid-solid state theory, superconductivity and super
fluidity (‘Stellar Physica’, n.d.). 2. Filtering process
There has been increasing importance of the research An extensive search of the Web of Science (WoS)
on the Stars as well as the Scientometric research; database with the above mentioned Keywords produced
however there has not been any published study vast amount of data. Resulting publications were
of scientometric study on the stellar research as of filtered by Subject category-Astronomy & Astrophysics
November 2014. Therefore, this study aims at carrying followed by Document Types: (Article), and Languages:
out a Scientometric evaluation of the research on the (English). The filtered publications were again filtered
Stars published during the last fifty four years and to by Countries/Territories: (INDIA). This final round of
identify the main trends and issues in this field. filtering produced 2656 (Astronomy & Astrophysics)
publications with which analysis was preceded.
Methodology
Results and Analysis
1 Database and Scope
There were 2656 publications that met the selection
To assess the growth of research publication on Stars
criteria which appeared in the WoS database during
and locate and collect the literature, Web of Science
1960-2014 and these were analyzed. The specific

characteristics of the publications such as no. of A total of 2656 articles of Indian scientists during
publications, the no. authors involved in the production 1960-2014 were abstracted from WoS related to Stars
of these publication, institutions, journals etc were taken publication. From Table 3.j (i) and 3.j (ii), the output of
into consideration. 2656 paper received a total of 44732 citations during
the said period with an average 16.84 citations per
1 Publication characteristics
paper. The average number of publications per year is
Table 3.j(i): Bibliographic Records of Stars 63.23 and CAGR is 0.10%.
research in India during 1960-2014
Table 3.j(ii): Citation Metrics of Stars research in
Bibliometric Indicators No. India during 1960-2014
Total Number of Articles 2656 Citation-based Indicators No.

Total Number of Contributing Countries 72 Sum of the Times Cited 44732
Sum of Times Cited without self-citations 39629
Total Number of Contributing Authors 8617
Citing Publications 28800
Total Number of Contributing Institutions 1573
Citing Publications without self-citations 27115
Total Number of Journals appeared 75 Average Citations per Item 16.84
Total Number of Keywords (raw) appeared 8469 h-index 77
Source: WoS Source: WoS
2. Publication Pattern
250
225
200
175
150
No. of Publishers
125
100
75
50
25
0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Year
Figure 3.j(i): Publication Pattern of Stars research in India during 1960-2014. From
the period 1960-1972, no publication appeared in the WoS database.

Publication pattern of Stars research from 1960 to 2014 is the number of years. The growth of literature shown
is presented in Figure 3.j(i). The initial publication in in Figure 3.j (ii) can be divided into two parts, in the1st
the sub-field of Stars research is observed in the year part (1960-1972), no literature is published by Indian
1973. A near about seventy three time’s increase was scientists and in the 2nd part (1973-2014), growth trend
observed over the study period, (from 3 in 1973 to 230 follows a polynomial growth curve.
in 2014). The highest number of papers is published in
Table 3.j(iii): Different Regression Types with
the year 2014, with 230 publications and the lowest in
Regression coefficient () of Stars research
1979 with 1 publication.
3. Growth Trend Regression Equation (R²)
Type
The cumulative progression is represented by a 4th
Exponential y = 1E-10e0.119x 0.901
degree power law distribution during 1960-2014 giving
an idea of the polynomial growth curve as shown in Linear y = 4.717x – 9340 0.869
Figure 3.j(ii). To choose the best fit growth model,
various regression types with regression coefficient has Logarithmic y = 9395.ln(x) – 71318 0.868
been tested as shown in Table 3.j (iii). The best fit model Polynomial y = 0.0004x4 - 3.459x3 0.979
is 4th degree polynomial curve, where R² = 0.979. The + 10335x2 - 1E+07x +
polynomial best fit for Stars research is found to be: y 7E+09
= 0.0004x4 - 3.459x3 + 10335x2 - 1E+07x + 7E+09,
Power y = 0x237.9 0.902
where y is the cumulative number of publications and x
250
y = 0.0004x4 - 3.459x3 + 10335x2 - 1E+07x + 7E+09
225 R² = 0.9799
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Figure 3.j(ii): Growth Trend of Stars research in India during 1960-2014.Blue dot
describes the distribution of publications (observed value) and Red dashed line
describes the correlation of distribution of publications where regression coefficient
R² = 0.979

4. Citation Pattern year 1973, the total number of citations received is 15
with an average citation of 5. The minimum citation
Figures 3.j (iii) and 3.j (iv) represent the citation pattern
received in the year 1979 is one (1) and the maximum
and number of citations vs. number of publications per
citations received in the year 2003 are 4347 with an
year of Stars research in India during 1960-2014. A total
average citation of 46.74. It has been observed from
of 2656 research papers have received 44732 citations.
Figure 3.j(iv) that after the year 2011, citations decrease
The pattern of citations is very fluctuating. In the initial
while publications continue to increase.
4500
4000
3500
3000
No. of Citations/TYear
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Year
Figure 3.j(iii): Citation Pattern of Stars research in India during 1960-2014. From
1960-1972, no citation received as no publication appeared in the WoS database.
260 5000
240
4500
220
4000
200
No. of Publications/TYear
180 3500
No. of Citations/TYear
160 3000
140
2500
120
100 2000
80 1500
60
1000
40
500
20
0 0
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Year
Figure 3.j(iv): Citation Pattern Vs Publication Pattern of Stars research in in India

during 1960-2014: Blue line (right Y axis) indicates the citation pattern against red
bar (left Y axis) that describes the publication pattern.

5. Top Institutions and their research impact had published 582 and 184 papers respectively.
Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Raman Research
A total of 2656 publications on Stars appeared from
Institute, Bangalore, and Aryabhatta Research Institute
1573 institutions. Out of the top 20 institutions only 8 are
of Observational Sciences, Nainital come under the
Indian. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai
Department of Science and Technology and have
and Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmadabad
published papers 612, 211 and 148 respectively.
Table 3.j(iv): Top institutions on Stars research and their research impact, 1960- 2014
Institution Region TP (o/o) TC At rgCPA h-index

Indian Institute of Astrophysics India 612(23.042) 9368 15.31 42
Tata Institute of Fundamental India 582(21.913) 11132 19.13 40
Research
Inter University Centre for India 366(13.780) 10156 27.75 49
Astronomy Astrophysics
Centre National De La Recherche France 217(8.170) 6659 30.69 42
Scientifique (CNRS)
Raman Research Institute India 211(7.944) 3416 16.19 29
Physical Research Laboratory India 184(6.928) 1963 10.67 23
National Aeronautics Space USA 177(6.664) 9177 51.85 47
Administration (NASA)
Max Planck Society Germanv 176(6.627) 8428 47.89 44
Aryabhatta Research Institute of India 148(5.572) 1313 8.20 19
Observational Sciences
California Institute of Technology USA 127(4.782) “1”3 56.48 40
University of Texas Austin USA 126(4.744) 6558 50.05 36
Observatoire De Paris France 125(4.706) 4730 37.84 40
Goddard Space Flight Center USA 111(4.179) 4146 37.35 36
Indian Institute of Science Iisc India 110(4.142) 1068 14.62
Banglore
National Institutes of Natural Japan 102(3.840) 4902 48.06 32
Sciences Nins Japan
National Astronomical Japan 102(3.840) 4705 49.53 31
Observatory of Japan
University of Delhi India 94(3.539) 1044 11.11 15
University of California System USA 92(3.464) 624 67.89
Insntut De Recherche Pour Le France 85(3.200) 3896 45.84 33
Developpement (IRD)
Pennsylvania Commonwealth USA 82(3.087) 6199 75.06 34
System of Higher Education
TP = Total no. of Stars related publications published by an institution; TC = Total no. of
citation received; Avg CPA= Average no. of citations per article; h-index = defined by the
no. of h papers among an institution’s no. of publications that have at least h citations each.
Source: WoS
Inter University Centre for Astronomy Astrophysics Flight Center, USA; University of California System,
and University of Delhi have published papers 366 USA; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher
and 94 respectively. Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Education,USA; 3 belong to France namely Centre
Banglore had published 110 papers. The other 12 are National De La Recherche Scientifique CNRS, France;
foreign institutions, among these 6 belong to the USA Observatoire De Paris, France; Institut De Recherche
viz. (NASA), USA; California Institute of Technology, Pour Le Developpement (IRD), France; 2 belong to
USA; University of Texas, Austin, USA; Goddard Space Japan i.e. National Institutes of Natural Sciences

(NINS), Japan; and National Astronomical Observatory 75 journals have published 1724 (73.20%) of the total
of Japan; and 1 to Germany – the Max Planck Society. 2656 publications. The ‘Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society’ ranks 1st with 547 (20.59%)
Table 3.j(iv) reveals the impact of research in terms
papers; ‘Astrophysical Journal’ with 462 (17.39%)
of quality of papers. The AvgCPA and the h- index
papers, ‘Astronomy Astrophysics’ with 433 (16.30%)
are used to identify which institution has the largest
papers, ‘Astrophysics and Space Science’ with 277
number of high quality publications in the field of Stars
(10.42%) papers and ‘Physical Review D 153 (5.76%)’,
research. It is seen from the Table 3.j(iv) that Stars
these journals ranked at 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th positions
related publications authored in collaboration with the
respectively.
foreign institutions have the highest average impact
(AvgCPA=75.06). Among Indian institutions, Inter Table 3.j (v) also shows the citation impact of top 20
University Centre for Astronomy Astrophysics has the journals. The AvgCPA and the h-index are used to
highest impact (27.75) in AvgCPA index. identify which journals have the largest number of high
quality publications in the Stars research. It is seen from
6. Journals and their research impact
the Table 3.j(v) that the journal ‘Astrophysical Journal
Papers on Stellar research have appeared in Supplement Series’ published by IOP Publishing for
75 journals. The highest number of papers have the American Astronomical Society in USA has the
appeared in the Journal ‘Monthly Notices of the Royal highest average impact (AvgCPA = 159.83). It is seen
Astronomical Society’ published by Oxford University that though the journal ‘Monthly Notices of the Royal
Press from the United Kingdom. Table 3.j (v) shows Astronomical Society’ has the highest number of
the top 20 productive journals. These 20 out of the publications but ranked 7th in the AvgCPA index.
Table 3.j (v): Top Journals on Stars research and their research impact, 1960-2014
Journal TP (%) TC AvgCPA Journal Metrics (2013) Country

SJR IPP SNIP
Monthly Notices of the Royal 547(20.595) 8498 15.54 3.196 4.911 1.494 UK
Astronomical Society
Astrophysical Journal 462 (17.395) 9593 20.76 3.159 4.348 1.145 UK
Astronomy Astrophysics 433 (16.303) 7365 17.01 1.471 1.932 0.612 France
Astrophysics and Space Science 277 (10.429) 1395 5.04 1.081 1.748 1.056 Netherland
Physical Review D 153 (5.761) 6744 44.08 1.899 3.192 1.136 USA
Journal of Astrophysics and 126 (4.744) 778 6.17 0.477 0.541 0.224 India
Astronomy
International Journal of Modem 75 (2.824) 643 8.57 0.733 1.021 0.540 Singapore
Physics D
Astronomical Journal 66X2.485) 1311 19.86 2.795 3.282 1.092 UK
Astrophysical Journal Letters 52(1.958) 781 15.02 3.914 4.852 1.487 UK
Bulletin of the Astronomical Society 43(1.619) 125 2.91 1.091 1.068 0.516 India
of India
Astronomy Astrophysics Supplement 39(1.468) 486 12.46 . - - France
Series
Research in Astronomy and 36(1.355) 135 3.75 0.953 1.331 0.768 UK
Astrophysics
IAU Symposia 35(1.318) 8 0.23 - - - Puerto Rico
New Astronomy 34(1.280) 156 4.59 1.074 1.332 0.726 Netherlands
Classical and Quantum Gravity 33(1.242) “99 24.21 1.476 2.192 0.966 UK
Journal of Cosmology and 29(1.092) 623 21.48 0.615 2.374 0.465 UK
Astroparticle Physics
General Relativity and Gravitation 26(0.979) 296 11.38 1.109 1.62S 1.015 UK

Astrophysical Journal Supplement 24(0.904) 3836 159.83 6.857 9.687 3.125 USA
Series
Publications of the Astronomical 22(0.828) 243 11.05 1.521 1.626 0.750 Japan
Society of Japan
Publications of the Astronomical 21(0.791) 211 10.05 2.990 3.147 1.266 USA
Society of the Pacific
TP= Total no. of Stars research related articles published by a Journal; TC = Total no. of citation received; AvgCPA=
Average no. of citations that Stars related articles in a journal received; h-index= no. of h papers among a journal’s
no. of publications that have at least h citations each. SJR = SCImago Journal Rank; IPP = Impact per Publication;
SNIP = Source Normalized Impact per Paper; on Stars have been contributed by 8617 authors. Table
3.j (vi) shows the top 20 productive authors during the
Source: WoS and SCOPUS
last 54 years, 1960-2014. Top 20 productive authors
7. Top Authors and their research impact are ranked based on the decreasing productivity of total
publications. Sagar, R. has produced maximum number
A total of 2656 publications included the author addresses
of publications i.e. 93 which accounts for 3.50% of total
having India as the country of affiliation. Publications
publications and ranks 1st followed by Paul, B., Ashok, N. M., Lambert, D. L., Ojha, D. K. who ranked 2nd, 3rd, 4th
and 5th respectively.
Table 3.j(vi): Top Authors of Stars research and their research impact, 1960-2014
Author TP (%) TC TCwoSC CI CIwoSC AgCPA h-index

Sagar. R. 93(3.502) 1203 1070 913 860 12.94 19
Paul. B. 79(2.974) 721 475 394 333 9.13 16
Ashok,N.M. 66(2.485) 692 557 495 450 10.48 15
Lambert. D.L. 61(2.297) 1524 1305 919 869 24.98 20
Ojha.D.K 60(2.259) 724 582 474 434 12.07 15
Pandey, A.K. 58(2.184) “34 514 42” 381 12.66 16
Rao. A.R. 57(2.146) 812 673 556 513 14.25 17
Parthasarathy. M. 56(2.108) 810 694 606 5~2 14.46 17
Gonzalez. G. 56(2.108) 2355 2168 1121 1073 42.05 31
Anupama. G.C. 55(2.071) 820 763 644 619 14.91 16
Rao.N.K. 51(1.920) 849 695 464 427 16.65 16
Gupta, Y. 50(1.883) 858 759 535 500 17.16 17
Bose:S. 48(1.807) 1978 1803 859 817 41.21 26
Banerjee, DJPJC 48(1.807) 486 343 297 256 10.12 13
Yoshida. S. 47(1.770) 2037 1870 904 864 43.34 2”
Mukherjee, S. 47(1.770) 2049 1884 919 879 43.60 28
BhattH.C. 47(1.770) 476 439 413 395 10.13 12
Singh, KP. 45(1.694) 577 551 531 519 12.82 13
Giridhar, S. 45(1.694) 623 493 345 312 13.84 15
Chakrabarti S.K 45(1.694) 956 852 4~4 439 21.24 16
TP: Total no. of Stars related articles published by a author; TC: Total no. of citation; TC woSc: Sum of Times Cited
without self-citations; CI: Citing Articles ; CIwoSC: Citing Articles without self-citations; AvgCPA: Average Citations
per Article; h-index : no. of h papers among a author’s no. of publications that have at least h citations each. Source:
WoS

Table 3.j(vi) reveals the impact of research in terms 8. Collaboration Pattern: Continents
of quality of papers. The AvgCPA and the h-index are
Based on the author attributions, world-wide
used to identify which author has the largest number of
collaboration of Stars research publications has been
high quality publications in the Stars research. It is seen
mapped. As shown in Figure 3.j (v), the major spatial
from the Table 3.j(vi) that Stars related publications
clusters of research institutes are located in Europe,
authored by Mukherjee, S. have the highest average
followed by Asia and Africa. Several minor clusters are
impact (AvgCPA = 43.60) followed by Yoshida, S.
distributed in other parts of the world. North America
(AvgCPA = 43.34). It is seen that though Sagar, R. has
and South America have equal contribution.
the maximum number of publications, but he ranks 12th
in the AvgCPA index.
Figure 3.j(v): Continent wise Collaboration pattern of Stars research
9. Collaboration Pattern and research impact: with Indian institutions involved in the stellar research.
Countries Out of the 2656 papers, 113 (4.8%) papers appeared
in India’s own publications without international
A total of 2656 publications included author address,
collaboration and the remaining 2242 (95.20%)
source country and research institutes. There were 72
appeared with international collaboration.
collaborating Countries/territories which collaborated
Table 3.j(vii): Country wise Collaboration Pattern and research impact of Stars research
Country Continent TP(%) TC AgCPA h-index

USA North America 660(24.849) 21946 33.25 66
Germany Europe 292(10.994) 10303 35.28 49
France Europe 271(10.203) 8492 31.34 48
England Europe 250(9.413) 11684 46.74 52
Italy- Europe 211(7.944) 8216 38.94 49
Australia Australia 193(7.267) 8752 45.35 47
Japan Asia 189(7.116) 7587 40.14 40
Spain Europe 181(6.815) 9150 50.55 45
Russia Asia 124(4.669)) 4804 38.74 36

Netherlands Europe 124(4.669 5047 40.70 33
Canada North America 113(4.255) 6943 01.44 34
Poland Europe 92(3.464) 4337 47.14 30
Peoples R
Asia 92(3.464) 24S8 27.04 29
China
Brazil South America 78(2.937) 2612 33.49 25
South Africa Africa 77(2.899) 4394 57.06 27
Chile South America 74(2.786) 4250 57.43 24
Scotland Europe 66 (2.485) 5046 76.45 31
Taiwan Asia 65 (2.447) 1926 29.63 15
South Korea Asia 64 (2.410) 3234 50.53 15
Wales Europe 53 (1.995) 2500 47.17 30
TP= Total no. of Stars related articles published by a country; TC = Total no. of citation
received; AvgCPA= Average no. of citations per Article; h-index= no. of h papers among a
country’s no. of publications that have at least h citations each.
Source: WoS
As shown in the Table 3.j(vii), top 20 countries / not provide any keywords. To obtain accurate results,
territories are ranked based on the number of total the keywords have been pre-processed by merging the
publications, along with the citations and percentage singular and plural forms of the same terminology, and
of international collaborations. Out of the 20 countries / those keywords with the same meaning while using
territories, the USA has produced maximum publications different expressions (for example, ‘‘Neutron star”,
in collaboration i.e. 660 which accounts for 21.614% of “neutron stars” and “neutron-star”; “late-type stars’’
total publications with highest citations (21946). It is and “late-type star”). A total of 11772 unique keywords
seen from the Table 3.j(vii) that Stars related publications have been obtained. Among these unique keywords
authored in collaboration with Scotland (Europe) have 5069 (43.05%) appear once or twice at the most. Table
the highest average impact (AvgCPA = 76.45) followed 3.j (viii) shows the most used keywords during the
by Canada (North America) AvgCPA = 61.44 while the considered period.
USA ranked 17th in the AvgCPA index.
10.1 Hotspots
10. Keyword Analysis
An analysis of the keywords was undertaken to pick out
The process of keyword analysis has been described by the research hotspots that have attracted most research
various authors in many ways. Li and Zhao performed attention and to reveal the research tendencies in the
the keyword analysis to demonstrate research trends Staller research. The top most frequently used keywords
and frontiers. The keywords analysis in their study for the study period are listed in Table 3.j (viii). The
utilised author keywords, which were provided by article five most frequently used keywords were ‘Emission’,
authors as part of the articles and termed as Keywords ‘Evolution’, ‘Supernovae’, ‘Binaries’ and ‘Neutron’.
(Li and Zhao, 2015). Another such analysis was used
Table 3.j(viii): Top most frequently used keywords
in a study by Montoya et al., 2014 in order to follow
in Stars research
and search the trends in the science and engineering
(Montoya et al., 2014). Yanhua et al. (2012) used Keyword NO % R
keyword analysis to reveal the trends and identify
hot topics that draw most research efforts. In another Emission 404 3.43 1
study, the authors mention that the keywords provide a
Evolution 401 3.40 2
reasonable description of an article’s theme and could
reveal the profile of an author’s research preferences. Supemovae 395 3.35 3
A total of 28632 different keywords, from 1960 to 2014 in Binaries 371 3.15 4
the Stars have been identified. The number of analysed
publications during the study period is 2656. Of these Neutron 354 3.00 5
only 2483 provides key words, while the rest (173) do Pulsars 544 2.92 6

10.2 Quick Rising Themes
Formation 271 2.30 7
The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) was
Variables 202 1.71 8 used to identify the top most frequently used keywords
Abundances 128 1.08 9 and to select quick rising themes of Stars research,
which could be indicators of future research directions.
Rotation 124 1.05 10 The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of top
Luminosity’ 112 0.95 11 keywords were separately calculated based on the
following formula:
Magnetic field 108 0.91 12
1
Binary 105 0.89 13 t n − t0
CAGR (t0 , tn ) − (V (tn ) / V (t0 )) −1
Circumstellar matter 98 0.83 14
AGB andpost-AGB 94 0.79 15 V (t0 ) : Initial observed value, (V (tn ) : last observed
Atmospheres 94 0.79 16
value, t n − t0 : number of years (Compound annual
growth rate, n.d.).
Novae 80 0.67 17
The CAGR provides smoothed growth rates free from
Late-type 66 0.56 18 the annual fluctuations of keywords occurrences during
Gamma-ray burst 59 0.50 19 the study period. Table 3.g(ix) lists the top keywords
according to the CAGR and sorted them by their rank.
Chemically peculiar 36 0.30 20 The ranks in Table 3.g(ix) show that ‘Supernovae’ and
NO: Number of time occurrences; R : rank ‘Emission’ and ‘Pulsars’ are three leading hot issues
that continue to attract broad attention. ‘Supernovae’
Source: WoS kept its dominance in terms of total quantity and CAGR
(0.158%).
Table 3.j(ix): Top Quick rising themes in Stars research
Keyword V (t0) V (tn) t0 tn CAGR (%) R

Emission 1 27 1990 2014 0.147 2
Evolution 8 38 1991 2014 0.070 12
Supemovae 2 59 1991 2014 0.158 1
Binaries 2 26 1990 2014 0.112 7
Neutron 1 27 1990 2014 0.147 2
Pulsars 1 23 1990 2014 0.139 3
Formation 4 34 1991 2014 0.097 9
Variables 3 10 1991 2014 0.053 15
Abundances 1 12 1991 2014 0.114 6
Rotation : 10 1991 2014 0.072 11
Luminosity l 15 1991 2014 0.125 4
Magnetic field l 10 1991 2014 0.105 “
Binary l 10 1990 2014 0.100 S
Circumstellar matter 2 7 1991 2014 0.056 13
AGB and post-AGB : 6 1993 2014 0.053 15
Atmospheres l 6 1991 2014 0.081 10
Novae : 5 1993 2014 0.044 16

Late-type : 4 1991 2014 0.030 18
Gamma-ray burst l 12 1992 2014 0.119 5
Chemically peculiar l 2 1992 2014 0.032 17
Brown dwarfs l 2 2001 2014 0.054 14
t0: the Initial (first) year (The Year in which no. of keywords occurrence first time; tn: the
last year (No. of keywords occurrence); V(t0): Initial observed value (no. of keywords
occurrence); V(tn): last observed value (no. of keywords occurrence); CAGR: Compound
Annual Growth Rate; R: Rank. Source: WoS
10.3 Evolution of the top most used keywords
Figure 3.j(vi): Evolution of top most used keyword in Stars Research during 1960-2014

Summary 2. Li, W. & Zhao, Y. (2015). Bibliometric analysis of
global environmental assessment research in a
A total of 2656 publications were published on Stars,
20-year period. Environmental Impact Assessment
which received total 44732 citations. The average
Review, 50, 158–166.
number of publications per year was 63.23 and the
average number of citations per publication was 1061.78. 3. Montoya, F.G. et al. (2014). The research on Energy
Publications on Stars appeared in 75 journals of which in Spain: A scientometric approach. Renewable
most active journal was ‘Monthly Notices of the Royal and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 29, 173-183.
Astronomical Society’ published by Oxford University doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.094
Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society
4. Niu, B., Loáiciga, H. A., Wang, Z., Zhan, F.
originating from United Kingdom and 547 (20.59%) of
B. & Hong, S. (2014). Twenty years of global
the total 2656 publications. 1573 institutions contributed
groundwater research: A Science Citation Index
of which Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore
Expanded-based bibliometric survey (1993–2012).
is the most productive institution. For globalization of
Journal of Hydrology, 519, Part A, 966–975. http://
Stellar Research in India, the results show that there
doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.064
were 72 Countries/territories which participated in Stars
research. The USA produced maximum publications: 5. Stars. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://
660 i.e. 24.849 % of total publication with higher citations en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star
(21946). A Keyword analysis reveals that ‘Emission’,
6. Stellar Physics. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from
‘Evolution’, ‘Supernovae’, ‘Binaries’ and ‘Neutron’ are
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_physics
the most frequently used keywords.
7. Yanhua, Z et al. (2012). Research Trends in Non
References
Point Source during 1975-2010. Physics Procedia,
1. Astronomical Subject Keywords. (2013). Retrieved 33, 138-143. doi:10.1016/j.phpro.2012.05.041
from https://aas.org/authors/astronomical-subject-
keywords-update-august-2013.

Introducing Yoga and Pranayam for Library and
Information Science Professionals for Stress
Free and Healthy Life :A Proposal
Dr. Manoj Kumar Sinha
Associate Professor and Head,
Department of Library and Information Science
(Swami Vivekananda School of Library Sciences)
Assam University (A Central University)
Silchar-788011(Assam, India)
E-mail: mksinha1965@gmail.com, dr_mk_sinha@yahoo.com,
hod_lis@aus.ac.in
Abstract
The present paper discusses the innovative approach of the researcher to introduce Yoga and Pranayam for LIS
professionals of India in particular and entire world in general to lead a stress free life and healthy. It is a mantra
for the present day life style of busy professionals who don’t have time to even spend few hours for their own
health and well being. Life is so fast and people are engaged in so many official assignments,personal and family
responsibilities where people hardly gets time to do gym, yoga and pranayam and mediations to keep themselves
fit, healthy and rejuvenated. The mechanized life make the people face many health problems in even early age and
having so many complications, ailments which leads to the early appearance of the sign of aging or aging process. In
the backdrop of above, the paper proposes to introduce yoga and pranaymain daily routine of the LIS professionals
who are working under tremendous pressure and stress to provide the library and information services in changing
digital environment where the users demands and expectations from the LIS professionals are high and they want
instant information for the academic and research activities and day to requirements. The second part of the paper
deals with the basic concept of yoga and proanayam along with various ashanas and benefits derived out of it. In
the last part of the paper the role of INFLIBNET, Library Associations and academic, public an special libraries in
introducing and adopting the novel concept of yoga and pranayams amongst the LIS professionals to keep them
stress free and healthy.
Key Words : Yoga,Pranayams, LIS Professionals, INFLIBNET, Library Associations, Academic Libraries, Public
Libraries, Special Libraries, Life Style Diseases
Introduction at higher, middle and lower management level have to

perform their duties as per their assignments and while
The present age is the age of digital information where
performing the duties, they come across to many issues
the documents are born digital. The traditional libraries
and problems which needs immediate attention and
have been managing all the printed resources in all
steps to address the problems to find out the solutions.
types of the libraries including colleges and university
libraries. As the libraries of different kinds are trying to There are number of staff working together and their
shift from traditional to digital/ electronic / virtual libraries interpersonal relations matters for the good performance
where the boundary of the libraries are not confined to of the organizations as whole and libraries in particular.
mere four walls of the building rather it has reached to In the course of managing the modern libraries, the
far far away across the world. As the traditional libraries LIS professionals face many challenges and they have
are moving from printed to digital one, the expectations to sort out all the problems to run the library services
and demands of the library end users have increased smoothly. During working hours, they perform duty in
many fold which results in increase in accountability shifts and continuous sitting at one place leads to many
and responsibility. health problems and ailments. Such kind of day to day
stress and anxiety to give quality services to their library
In the colleges, universities and institutions of higher
users are main causes of many life style diseases
learning, there are huge set up of the libraries having
like hypertension (high blood pressure) angina, heart
many sections which have to look after by the various
diseases, obesity type -2 diabetes, loss of appetite,
categories of the library professional staff / non-
absence of proper diet, untimely lunch / dinner,
professional staff members. The librarians and other
sleeplessness, arthritis (rheumatism and osteoarthritis),
senior library professionals working on various capacities

abdominal problems like indigestion, constipation, Therefore, if the LIS professionals adopt the proper
acidity and many more diseases. path of Yoga, Pranayama, physical exercises, morning/
evening brisk walk, definitely they would be able to
For maintaining and managing good health, and
get lot of energy to perform their duties efficiently and
stress free life, one should resort to the path of yoga
effectively to serve the library users community and also
& pranayama (breath control), meditation to control
make their life stress free and healthy. It helps them to
stress, morning-evening brisk walk to control diabetes
keep themselves disease free, develop immunity to the
which leads to the healthy and stress free life.
many infectious and communicable diseases, prevent
Owing to LIS professionals’ work place workload, cancer and other life style diseases like hypertension,
tension, stress, anxiety, it is very much important for type-2 diabetes, heart failure, strokes, renal failure, liver
us to maintain a health and stress free life by adopting problems, arthritis etc. immune to the and live longer.
the path of yoga and pranayama. Therefore the main It is a saying that “Prevention id better than Cure” .
aim of the paper is to address the issues pertaining to Therefore we must adopt the innovative way to keep
workplace stress, interpersonal conflict and many day ourselves happy, healthy and energetic to discharge
to day problems and challenges. our duty effectively.
Librarian : As a Innovator On this occasion of PLANNER-2016 which is having
As we know the LIS professionals are having mastery main theme of Disruptive Innovation : Adept Adopt and
of many subjects and wide experience in dealing with “ in my opinion, now it is high time for us to address the
the people health issues for LIS professionals by way of adopting
new strategies to make our LIS professionals yoga and
As we know that “ Healthy mind resides in healthy pranayama friendly.
body”. In order to keep our body and mind in unison
and healthy, we should adopt age long traditions of yoga Concept of Yoga and Pranayam
and pranayama along with physical fitness exercises. 1. Yoga : A Philosophy of Lifestyle
In ancient time the practice of Yoga was confined
Swami RamdevJiMaharaj(2011) says that “Yoga is a
to the Yogis, Munis and Rishish. The secret of yoga
Philosophy of life. Yoga is a self –disciplinary. Yoga is
was not known to the masses. But due to initiatives
a system of life. Yoga is a philosophy of disease- free
taken by several Yoga Guru in India like Swami
life and a life of healthy concentration. Yoga is the best
RamdeoJiMaharaj, and Shrree Shree Ravishanker
spiritual teachings for self-healing and introspection. It
and many other professional yoga experts, the science
is a spiritual teaching for complete transformation and
of yoga and pranayamarahashya (secret of yoga and
development. Yoga is a teaching to raise spiritual status.
pranayama) has been opened to the common people
It is not an alternative medication rather it is a complete
and cores of people have been taking benefit of yoga
medication system in itself which eradicates diseases
and pranayama to keep themselves healthy and fit.
and provide holistic treatment to not only body but alos
Many LIS professionals might have been practicing yoga to the psyche of people”.
and pranayama in their homes in scattered manner. But
We know that modern medical science treats diseases
now time has come to address this issues in the forum
on the basis of symptoms which we develop and doctor
like library seminars and conferences for making our life
prescribes medicine on the basis of the symptoms to
happy, healthy and stress free.
get people relief from the aliments. But yoga treats the
The Internet and social media have also gave rise to root cause of diseases which leads to inner well being
the birth of two way communication among the library of the mankind.
users who want to explore and retrieve every piece of
2. Yoga- Pranayama/ Asana
information on their finger tips and they understand
that there is no need to visit library and everything is Pranayama is breathing control yogic practice. There are
available in WWW and Internet. Therefore, in order to eight types of Pranayama or Yogic practices (abhyas)
attract the library users to the library and bringing back which should be done on regular basis at least for one
in the library has been a great task on the present day hour preferably in morning time (Brahma Muhurta). One
LIS professionals. To cope up all these issues and can do yogic exercise in evening time also but the gap
challenges, we need fresh and alert mind and huge between lunch and yogic practices should be at least
energy to address their demands and to serve the after four to five hours. This yogic practice includes
library end users in particular and society as a whole following types with their duration to perform (Table-1):
in general.
Table-1: Yoga –Pranayama / Asana Schedule for cardiovascular health;
one Hour Practice Lowers Blood Pressure (reduce hypertension);
Sr. No. Yogic Abhyaas (Practices) Duration Helps in weight loss getting relief from obesity;
It stimulate and balance the functioning of endocrine
1. Bhastrika Pranayama 4 Minutes
glands which ultimatey improves body function and
2. KapalBhati Pranayama 5 Minutes basal metabolic rate;
It helps in lowering blood sugar and LDL (Bad
3. Baghi Pranayama 2 Minutes
Cholesterol) level and boost HDL (good cholesterol)
4. Agnidar Pranayama 2 Minutes level ;
Anulom-VilomPranayam It helps in people in improving the IQ, coordination,

5. 5Minutes memory etc ;
(Alternate Breathing)
6. Ujjayi Pranayama 2 Minutes It relaxes our body systems;
Improves our balance problems which is linked
7. Bhramhari Pranayama 2 Minutes with knee and back pain problems;
8. Udgeeth Pranayama 2 Minutes It releases tension in our muscular system, limbs
etc.;
9. Dhyana 4 Minutes
Helps in getting sound sleep and helps in go away
10. SukshamaVyayama 4 Minutes with insomnia;
11. SandhiVayayama 5 Minutes It boost the immune system functionality ;

It increases the capacity of lungs to take more
12. Tadaasana 2 Minutes amount of oxygen and removing toxins;
13. Vajrasana 2 Minutes It also prevents digestive problems;
14. Ushtrasana 2 Minutes Helps in better memory especially in students,

researchers and teachers;
15. Shavasana 1 Minutes
Gives peace and relaxes our mind;
16. Bhujangasana 2 Minutes Helps in removing pains from joints and muscles ;
17. Shalvasana 2 Minutes It gives inner strength ;
It helps in establishing better relationship with our
18. Shashankasana 2 Minutes
colleagues, family members and friends;
19. Surya Naamskar 7 Minutes It helps in develops the capacity of six senses;
20. Deep Breathing 3 Minutes It protects from the attack of microbes ( bacteria,
viruses and other pathogens); and
Total Duration One Hour
What not?
Important Yogasana and Their benefits
Management of Common Diseases by Practicing
People from different walk of life,culture, traditions and Yoga
religions are now looking at yoga to find solace and relief
from various physiological and psychological or spiritual As we know that yoga helps us not only to give us peace
problems. Some of the important benefits of practicing of mind, spiritual meditation but also for preventing and
yoga have been listed below which have been drawn controlling various common ailments and also deadly
from various sources: diseases like AIDS, Cancer etc. It is a saying that
“Sound mind resides in healthy body” and “Prevention is
Better Flexibility ; better than Cure “. Keeping this in mind we must adopt
Better Posture; a healthy and holistic approach of yoga and asana to
keep our body healthy and stress free to work efficiently.
Better Bone Health ;
In following Table-2, name of diseases, Pranayama and
Better Blood Circulation; Asanas have been enumerated in brief to be followed
Better efficiency of heart fitness and improves for better management of disease free and healthy life.

Table-2 :Management of Common Diseases by Practicing Yoga (Pranayama and Asanas)
Name of Pranayama Asanas Meditation

Diseases
Anaemia Ujjayi (Energy-renewing Paschimottanasans (Stretching the
Pranayama),Nadi – Sodhana back and legs), Ardhamatsyendrasana
(Altenate nostril breathing). (Simplified version of the yogi
Matsyendra posture), Sarvangasana
(Shoulder –stand), Sirshasana (head-
Stand),Savasana (complete Relaxation
posture).
Arthritis Rythmic breathing, Nadi-Sodhana Trikonasana (Triangle posture), Silent meditation
(Alternate breathing). Padmasana (The lotus position), for 20 minutes.
Salabhasana (The locust posture),
Dhanurasana (The bow posture),
Vakarsana (Spinal twist), Viparitakarni
(The inverted posture),Savasana
(Complete relaxation posture).
Asthma Rythmic breathing, Nadi- Vakarsana (Spinal twist), Silent meditation
Sodhana(Alternate breathing Paschimottanasans (Stretching the back for 15-30
without retention of the breath). and legs), Viparitakarni (The inverted minutes.
posture) and Savasana (complete
Relaxation posture).
Constipation Bhastrika (bellows) Uddiyana (Rising of the diapharm),
Trikonasana (Triangle posture), Vakarsana
(Spinal twist),Paschimottanasans
(Stretching the back and
legs),Sarvangasana (Shoulder –stand)
and SupaVajrasana (The supine pelvic
posture).
Diabetes Rhythmic breathing, Nadi- Uddiyana (Rising of the diapharm),
Sodhana(Alternate breathing Paschimottanasans (Stretching the
without retention of the breath). back and legs), Ardhamatsyendrasana
(Simplified version of the yogi Matsyendra
posture),Sarvangasana (Shoulder –stand)
and Savasana (complete Relaxation
posture).
Exhaustion Rhythmic breathing, Nadi- Halasana( The Plough Posture),
Sodhana(Alternate breathing Vakarsana (Spinal twist),
without retention of the breath). Paschimottanasans (Stretching the back
and legs), Sarvangasana (Shoulder –
stand), Matasyasana (The Fish Posture),
Sirshasana (head- Stand) and Savasana
(complete Relaxation posture).
High Blood Rhythmic breathing, Nadi- Padmasan (the Lotus Position), Silent mediation
Pressure Sodhana (Alternate breathing Viparitakarni (The inverted posture) and for 20 minutes
(Hypertension) without retention of the breath). Savasana (complete Relaxation posture).

Indigestion Bhastrika (Bellows), Nadi- Uddiyana (Raising of diaphragm),
Sodhana (Alternate breathing). Bhujangasana( The Cobra Position),
Salabhasana (The locust posture),
Padmasan (the Lotus Posture),
Dhanurasana ( The Bow Posture),
Trikonansana ( Triangle Posture),
Paschimottanasans (Stretching the back
and legs), Sarvangasana (Shoulder
–stand) and Savasana (complete
Liver Ailments Rhythmic breathing, Nadi- Uddiyana (Raising of diaphragm),
Sodhana (Alternate breathing). BaddhaKonansana (Yoga-Mudra, Feet
Jointed), Mayurasana (The Peacock
Posture), Paschimottanasans (Stretching
the back and legs), Viparitakarni (The
inverted posture) and Savasana (complete
Low Blood Rhythemic breathing, Bhastrika Siddhasana (Accomplished Posture),
Pressure (Bellows), Halasana (The Plough Posture),
Pachimottasana(Stretching the back and
legs), Sarvangasana (Shoulder –stand),
Sirshasana ( Head-Stand) and Savasana
Obesity or Bhastrika (Bellows), Ujjayi Uddiyana (Raising of diaphragm),
Overweight (Energy-renewing Pranayama), Paschimottanasan (Stretching the back
KapalBhati ( breathing that and legs), Trikosana ( Triangle Posture),
revitalizes the body) Vakrasana (Spinal Twist), Sarvangasana
(Shoulder –stand), Sirshasana ( Head-
Stand) and Dhanurasana ( The Bow
Posture),
Anxiety KapalBhati ( breathing that Suptavajrasana (The Sine Thunderbolt
revitalizes the body), Nadi- Posture), Ardhamatsyendrasana
Sodhana (Alternate breathing) (Simplified version of the yogi Matsyendra
and Kumbhaka (Retention of the posture),
breath
Trikosana Japa, Ajapa Silent mediation for
(Triangle 15-30 minutes
Posture),
Dhanurasana
(The Bow
Posture),
Sarvangasana
(Shoulder –
stand) and
Savasana
(complete
Relaxation
posture).
Depression Rhythemic breathing, Surya- Vakrasana (Spinal Twist),Bhujangasana
Bhedna (the breathing that (The Cobra Posture), Salbhasana (The
revitalizes the nervous Locust Posture), Halasana (The Plough
system,Bhatrika (Bellows). Posture), Paschimottanasans (Stretching
the back and legs), Sarvangasana
(Shoulder –stand) and Savasana

People are affected by a number of diseases. The above organ of the body that serves several functions,
methods of pranayama, asanas (posture), meditations and the most important one is detoxification and
are used as per the intensity and seriousness of cleansing of the body. It purifies the blood and
diseases. The duration of yoga, asanas and meditation flush out harmful chemicals and toxins. A healthy
may be increased according to the stages of diseases. and strong liver can also eliminate bad fats from
the body and put the good fats to use. It helps in
Some Specialised Yoga Practices to control some
providing energy to the body. Yoga poses help in
Common Ailments
enhancing the vital force of the liver for its better
There are different yogasanas for different types of functioning. Liver can also be cleansed effectively
diseases. Description of all those poses is not possible by following a fruit and vegetable detox diet plan.
owing to some restriction However, some of the
2.2 Activate the Thyroid Gland – The Thyroid is an
important steps have been given with brief description
important hormone-secreting gland of the body that
which is illustrative only. Many more poses are available
controls metabolism. Active and high metabolism
in literature. In following paras we can see some
helps in burning fat from the body at a faster pace.
yogasana for curing some common ailments in brief
Yoga poses help in correcting Thyroid dysfunction.
with illustrations for the benefits of the LIS professionals
attending the convention: 2.3 Maintaining the Right pH of the Body – A body
that has a too acidic pH has the tendency to store
1. Eight Best Yoga Poses for Weight Loss –
fat in order to protect itself from the acids. And
Tummy and Thighs Exercises (Biswas 2016)
this mechanism leads to the deposition of visceral
Biswas (2016) has mentioned in her blog regarding fat that accumulates inside the organs and blood
the yoga poses for weight loss especially from tummy vessels. Yoga asana can help in maintaining the
and thighs. Our hectic lifestyle and workloads do not pH of the body at a safe alkaline level.
let us live in a healthy way. The craving for junk food
2.4
Striking the Perfect Balance between
and stress filled environment gives us an unhealthy
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous
body. The tummy and thighs are the worst affected
System – Stress is one of the major reasons for
body parts of all where most of the fat gets deposited.
weight gain. But relaxing yoga poses can bring
The risk of diseases and ill health increases with the fat
about the right balance between the sympathetic
around these areas. A fitness routine and a good diet
and parasympathetic nervous system that is
will help to reduce these risks. There are various ways
essential to relieve stress and anxiety.
of sweating it out and burning calories like exercise to
reduce tummy, jogging, running, swimming, cycling and 2.5 Active Internal Heat – Warmth can be created in
hiking. the body itself by activating the nervous system
that automatically makes a person feel warmer.
But for those who don’t like to sweat it out, yoga asanas
Yoga poses activate the nerves through systematic
for weight loss is an effective alternative. By adopting
stretching, and this heat helps in burning the
the methods of yoga, one can reduce weight, control the
deep-seated visceral fat, as well as the superficial
body and soul. Along with these benefits, one can also
subcutaneous fat.
experience mental peace. Losing weight and staying in
shape will also build self-esteem and reduce the stress 2.6 Move the Muscles with Strength – Yoga poses
levels(http://www.thefitindian.com/8-best-yoga-poses- that require the body to remain active along with
for-weight-loss/). successive stretching and compression of muscles
aid in weight loss. The activity of the muscle tissues
2 Seven Ways in Which Yoga Promotes Weight
promotes them to use up fat as a fuel.
Loss
2.7 Get the Heart Rate Up – Although cardio and
Yoga is the ways of the great rishis and ascetics to
indoor aerobic exercises are the most popular
connect with the soul and bring about harmony between
way to increase the heart rate, but effective yoga
the body and the mind. It is the holistic way of healing
exercise that gets the heart rate up for a short
and maintaining overall health. But when it comes to
period of time and then drops it right down.
weight loss through exercise, the image of vigorous
jogging, cycling, running and jumping comes to our mind There are many more tips and suggestions to improve
and most of us cannot relate yoga with weight loss. But health. For details LISprofessionals may see the
yoga and weight loss are more closely related than we PatanjaliYogpeethTrust of Swami RamdevJiMaharaj
actually know. There are various underlying causes of and Art of Living of Sri SriRavi Shankar. Many other
weight gain and yoga addresses these causes from yoga teachers are also running classes for yoga. Now
within. Tata Sky also started Yoga Fitness classes on Tata Sky
Active Channel on daily subscription of Rs.5 /- only
2.1 Stimulates the Liver – Liver is the most important

per day. Swami RamdevJiMaharaj is also coming on month long yoga awareness and training programme
Astha Channel showing regular yoga classes which are for students, research scholars, staff and teachers. Still
available free of cost. People may learn yoga classes it has become a routine in the campus, yoga shivir has
at their home by watching thesesprogrammes. For any been organised to practices yoga and pranayama on
complications and serious illness, we may go to their every early morning where hostel students and staff
asharam to learn more yoga practices and healthy and teachers residing in the campus are attending the
lifestyles. yoga programme regularly.
Steps to be taken by the INFLIBENT and Other For this awareness programme, the author is also a part
Professional Associations, Libraries for Introducing for organising this event and also participating actively
Yoga and Pranayama for LIS Professionals and in this programme.
Library Users :
Following are few suggestions and recommendations
In this direction, INFLIBNET and other professionals for practicing yoga and pranayama by the masses in
association should start including one session on general and LIS professionals in particular:
“Adopting Best Practices for Happy and Healthy
All seminar and conferences should start the day
Life Style for LIS Professionals”. All seminar and
with early morning yoga and pranayma training and
conferences should start the day with early morning
practices before coming to attend the sessions.
yoga and pranayma training and practices before
coming to attend the sessions. In conference also, healthy food stuffs should be
served for different category of LIS professionals;
INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar being the main
centre which has been organising many workshops, A mass awareness programme / Tutorials should
training programmes, conferences and seminar time to also be organised by the organising committee of
time, may introduce the yoga and pranayama as one the seminars, workshops and conferences with
of the session in every day in early morning where all trained and professionals Yoga Experts ;
the participants and staff members of INFLIBNET, those
Public Libraries should in collaboration of some
who are interested, may take part and make themselves
Yoga Experts, may organise regular Yoga Camp to
active and energetic and fresh to participate in the
train library users to adopt yoga and pranayama for
event. For this INFLIBNET may hire or appoint yoga
their healthy life style.
experts and trainers who could be useful in organisng
this event. This initiative would be very useful for LIS The public libraries should also provide space for
professionals who would be benefited by attending organsisng regular yoga classes for the interested
the Yoga classes and make themselves fit healthy and library users from their locality ;
stress free to take up the challenges of the organisations In Colleges, Universities and Institutions of Higher
efficiently giving maximum output at the workplace with Learning, the Central Library should come forward
less health related expenditure. There will be a positive organise such Yoga Camps time to time for campus
environment in the workplace to work with cordial duelers, faculty members, staff, research scholars
relationship among the colleagues which results in and students in collaboration with the Physical
better performance of LIS professionals for providing Educations and Sports Dept. It should be adopted
pro-active LIS services to library end users. on routine basis;
Suggestions and Recommendations Basic Foundation Courses should be introduced
Keeping in view of the popularity and mass acceptance in colleges and universities in general and Corse
of yoga and pranayamasacross the nation and entire curricula of Library and Information Science in
world, UNESCO has declared 21st June as International particular.
Yoga Day in the year 2015. On this day last year our Conclusion
Hon’ble Prime Minister, Sri NarendraDamodar Das
Modi has organised Mass Yoga practice on 21st June Mahatama Gandhi said that “Health is Wealth“ So we
2015 and directed all the educational institutions to should maintain good health and body fitness, free from
introduce yoga and celebrate some programme on diseases which makes our life healthy and stress free.
this day to make this campaign success. This year Yogasana and Pranayama are two mantras which may
also on this 21st June 2016, International Yoga Day be adopted for healthy and stress free life. There will
was celebrated in New Delhi and a month long yoga be no health problems and expenditure on medical
training programme was organised at various colleges, checkups and treatmens will be reduced.
universities and institutions. Therefore, in this polluted environment, we are facing
The Assam University Sports Board of Assam many health problems. Or day to day life has become
University, Silchar has taken initiatives and organised so fast and stressful that we are becoming the easy

prey of many deadly and lifestyle diseases which is References
very dangerous of our healthy life. If we want to keep
1. Biswas, Debolina.8 Best Yoga Poses for Weight
ourselves happy, healthy, peaceful and stress free,
Loss – Tummy and Thighs Exercises.The Fit Indian
then we must adopt yoga and pranayama techniques
(http://www.thefitindian.com/8-best-yoga-poses-
to keep ourselves healthy and disease free. We would
for-weight-loss/ (Retrieved on 25/08/2016)
be happiest person in the world where there would be
no anxiety and stress in our life. Our life will be longer 2. Biswas,Debolina. Simple Stress Buster Exercises
and healthier. There are many things to discuss, but I – Relax Your Whole Body Instantly http://www.
have to conclude here with a pledge include yoga and thefitindian.com/simple-stress-buster-exercises/
pranayama in our busy and hectic life schedule to be (Retrieved on 25/08/2016)
happy, healthy and stress free.
3. Assam University Sports Board (2016). Yoga and
Govt. of India has taken initiative for yoga and UNESCO its benefits. Assam University, Silchar,28 P.
has declared 21st June as International Yoga Day which
is a great achievement of India. Now the Yoga day has
been observed in many countries across the world and 4. Swami Ramdev (2011). Yoga: A philosophy of
India is leading in this direction to bring our glory back. lifestyle. YogSnadesh, 8( 7) : 10-11, March 2011.
Acknowledgements 5. Sravanthi, Laxmihttp://www.thefitindian.com/
yogasanas-for-reducing-fat/(Retrieved on
I thankfully acknowledge the contribution of Sri
25/08/2016)
RamdevJiMaharaj, Sri Sri Ravi Shankar and other
yoga experts who have taken the initiatives to make 6. http://www.yogajournal.com/
India healthy and disease free. Thanks are due to my 7. http://www.healthandyoga.com/
Son Tusshar Manish Sinha and Abhishek Sinha for
their secretarial assistance and searching of Internet 8. http://www.artofliving.org/
contents for writing this paper. My wife Mrs. ShivaniLala 9. http://www.lnipe.nic.in/
deserves special thanks for sharing her idea to write
this paper and also keeping me free from all the anxiety 10. http://www.kdham.com/
during the preparation of this paper.

Users Satisfaction With Library Services: A Case
Study of Bundelkhand University Library, Uttar
Pradesh
Prof. K. C. Das Dr. Kunwar Singh
Head Assistant Professor
Department of Library & Information Science Department of Library & Information Science
Utkal University, VaniVihar, Bhubaneswar-751004 Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005
Email ID-singhdlisbhu2015@gmail.com
Mr. Avinash Kumar Mishra,

Library Assistant
Central Library, Bundelkhand University,
Jhansi
Abstract
The study focuses on users’ satisfaction with library services at the central library of Bundelkhand University, Jhansi,
Uttar Pradesh. The objective of this study was to explore users’satisfaction with the library collection, services,
infrastructures and staff attitudes towards users. The sample for the study consisted of 250 undergraduate and
postgraduate students who regularly visit library. Questionnaires were administered to collect relevant data for the
study. Findings and suggestions were given at the end.
Key Words : Library facilities, Library Services, Library Staff, Users Satisfaction
Introduction their aptitude and potential (https://www.bujhansi.

org/?Inception).But the Library was established in the
The academic library has been described as the
year 1980. The collection was only a few hundred books
“heart” of the learning community, providing a place for
of general interest in the beginning. Later the University
students and faculty to do their research and advance
was shifted to its own building on Kanpur road and two
their knowledge in their respective fields. The library
rooms were allotted to the Central Library.Until 1986,
and information science professionals provide various
majority of the collection was of reference books, Hindi
services to these users, addressing their diverse
and English literature. A number of books were received
needs, characteristics, and interests (Simmonds
on donation from the various people of Bundelkhand
& Andaleeb, 2001, p.626.627). Today’s academic
region.Until June 1986, the University was of affiliating
libraries are facing several challenges on numerous
nature. Since 1986, 4 teaching departments started and
fronts: Megabookstores, online information providers,
the library collection was enriched taking into account
multimedia products, document delivery services, and
the needs of students and Faculty members.In the year
other competitive sources of information are apparently
2000 the library was shifted to its own building.In the
threatening their role and even their very survival
year 1999-2000, a number of institutes and departments
(Andaleeb & Simmonds, 1998, p.156). According to
have been established.Till the year 2000, the collection
Wells (1995) “the effectiveness of libraries has often
was only 12000. After that a tremendous growth in the
been measured by the volume of library materials
collection of the library took place reaching to about
available to clients, the amount of use of services and
12750 as on date.
resources, and the apparent or quantified satisfaction of
clients”. User satisfaction depends to a large extent on The number of users was only a few hundreds till 1999
the ability of the library to integrate user needs into the and now the library caters to the needs of 10,000.It is the
development of the library (Ball, 2008, p.13). first State University that uses the RFID for Circulation
System (http://cenlib-bu.ac.in/?page_id=10).
Bundelkhand University Library
Literature Review
Bundelkhand University came into existence on 25
August 26, 1975. However, though belonging to the Ijiekhuamhen & others (2015) mentioned that user’s
younger generation of the Indian Universities, the satisfaction on academic library performance by
Bundelkhand University has fast transformed into a determining the clients’ satisfaction with library
University of excellence offering opportunities to the services, infrastructure/place/space and collection/
aspiring youths to pursue higher education, applied informationprovided by the library.Themajor findings
research and Professional training according to of the study revealed that the respondents were highly

satisfied with thelibrary services, infrastructure/place/ and service organizations. Assessing service quality
space, and collection/information of the library as is consequently the first step in retaining costumers
awhole. It also reveals that, many of the respondents in today’s competitive environment. King (2005) and
visit the library for more thanone reason whereas the Hiller (2001) have stated that the information needs and
largest proportion of the respondents goes to library due expectations are perpetually transmuting in the rapidly
to theavailability of internet connectivity in the library. changing information scenario. Libraries need to reorient
Singh & Das (2014) assumed that the information their collections, services, and facilities to keep pace
sources and services chosen for satisfaction of with these advancements. User feedback is considered
services offered to users. Further, it also emphasized as a more reliable factor in quantifying the utility and
that satisfaction levels and competency of library staff, efficacy of any library. This is the reason that library user
supporting users in accessing information resources by surveys have become widespread in academic libraries
using information communication technology (ICT) and during the past two decades. Surveys have often
its associated means. Therefore, study provides library been utilized as an implement tool to assess service
professionals with a thorough understanding of different quality and user satisfaction. By making user surveys a
types of services and facilities which users expect customary part of the library’s functions, librarians can
from today’s modern libraries. Saikia & Gohain (2013) provide a comparative ‘snapshot’ of utilization in diverse
studied the Use and User’s Satisfaction on Library temporal contexts.
Resources and Services in Tezpur University (India): Statement of Problem
a study. Study revealed that 51(32.07%) respondents
visited Central library in regular bases for borrowing As Dr. S. Radhakrishnan said library is the “backbone” of
library books. Further, it is also found that 131(82.39%) any education system. University library is an integrated
users borrowed text books, 127(79.87%) consulted part of academic library. It plays a significant role to
journals and 120(75.47%) read Newspapers to meet cater the various information needs of users. Every
their information needs. Authors suggested that staff year University libraries are investing huge amount of
assistance is necessary to help library users to meet money to purchase information resources to fulfill its
their information needs and make users aware of the user information needs and changing expectations.
But changing landscape of information resources,
library resources and services which are available
emergence of ICT application in library and availability
to them.Adeniran (2011) expressed that academic
of library resources both in print and electronic
libraries are presently facing many challenges due
havecreated challenge before LIS professionals and
to introduction of IT which has led to an increase
users to locate appropriate information resources
in competition among information providers. The
as and when they required it. The study of users’
author suggested that libraries must improve the
satisfaction has abundantinfluence on use of library
quality services to enable them face the challenges of resources and services. Undergraduate and Post
information explosion in the 21st century. The study also graduate Students of Bundelkhand University is the
indicated service oriented organizations have identified most important segment of user communities. But no
the user for assessing library service quality provided by study is being carried out till today to know the users
the library. Arshad&Ameen (2010) looked on a service satisfaction on library resources and services. It is the
quality survey with academic libraries established that prime duty of the LIS professional to conduct regular
overall service quality and satisfaction of the University study on library resources and services to know the
of the Punjab’s libraries was good and users were users information needs and change pattern with library
satisfied with library staff’s graciousness and thoughtful existing resources & services. There have been many
behaviour towards them. The current study builds on studies on information seeking behavior in India. On the
these studies to consolidate the voice of Library users, other handsomewhatslightresponse has been given to
as one of the key recommendations made by previous study the users’ satisfaction on library resources and
studies. Kassim (2009) claimed that a study on customer services at Bundelkhand University system particularly
satisfaction reveal many things that libraries can do in in Uttar Pradesh, India. As a result, this study has been
terms of activities that would benefit library users. The carried out at Central Library, Bundelkhand University,
findings of their studies found that students consider the Jhansi to know the user’s satisfaction on library
library as a good place to concentrate on their studies. resources and services which will benefit to review
Simmonds & Andaleeb (2001) conducted a study on collection development policy. It will also helpful to
‘Usage of Academic Libraries: The role of service quality, propose new library services in this 21st Century where
resources, and user characteristics. It is evidence from users ’expectations are changing day by day.
several recent studies on users’ satisfaction with library
Objectives of the Study
services with academic libraries services. The authors
stressed that access to information provided by libraries 1. To examine the frequency and purpose of library
is realizedmore supplementary than the materials visit
physically available in a library. It also said that, Quality
2. To determine the users satisfaction level towards
service is a competitive compulsion for businesses

library collections, services and infrastructure Table.3 shows frequency of visit of library users. It is
found that 93(46.5%) users visited library regularly,
3. To explore the users satisfaction on University
65(32.5%) twice in a week, 23(11.5%) Once in a month
library performance
followed by 14(7%) twice in a month and 5(2.5%) never.
Scope of the Study This indicated more users are visiting library regularly,
twice in a week and once in a month than twice in a
The scope of the present study is limited to undergraduate
month and never.
and Post-graduate students of Bundelkhand University,
those who are regularly using library. Table.4 Purpose of LibraryVisit
Methodology Sl. No. Purpose Frequency %
A survey method was adopted for the study to find out 1 Study 90 45
users satisfaction on library resources and services. The
2 Searching online 40 20
instrument used for data collection was questionnaire.
resources
Out of 250 copies of the questionnaire that were
administered to the library users, 200 (80%) were 3 Browsing 10 5
retrieved and analyzed for the purpose. The survey 4 Reference 15 7.5
was conducted during Sept. 2016 to Nov. 2016. The 5 Research work 38 19
population for this study consists of Undergraduate and
6 Reading newspaper 7 3.5
Postgraduate students of the Bundelkhand University,
and magazines
Jhansi who frequently visit to the library.
Total 200 100
Findings and Analysis
Table.4 shows that the purpose of library visit. It is found
Table.1: Gender wise Distribution of Users that 90(45%) students visit library for study purpose,
40(20%) and searching online resources 38(19%)
Sl. No. Gender Frequency %
followed by research work 15(7.5%), reference 10(5%)
1 Male 130 65 and browsing 7(3.5%) reading newspapers and
2 Female 70 35 magazines. This indicated that majority of users used
Total 200 100 library for study purpose, searching of online resources
and research work.
Table.1 shows that gender wise distribution of users and
percentage under the study. It is found that 130(65%) Table.5 Users satisfaction level regarding University
male and 70(35%) female. This indicated that more library
male users used library than the female users.
Sl. Level of Satisfied Not
Table.2 Academic rank wise distribution No. satisfaction Satisfied
1 Library collection 189 10 (5.5%)
Sl. No. Academic Rank Frequency %
(94.5%)
1 Under Graduate 90 45
2 Library Services 191 9 (4.5%)
2 Post Graduate 110 55 (95.5%)
Total 200 100 3 Library infrastructure 183 17 (8.5%)
Table.2 shows that the academic rank wise distribution (91.5%)
of library users. It is found that 91(45%) Undergraduate 4 Helpfulness of 178 22 (11%)
students 110(55%) Post-graduate students. This library staff (89%)
indicated that Post-graduate students use library more
Table.5 shows that users satisfaction level regarding
than Undergraduate students.
University library. This is found that 189(94.5%) of users
Table.3 Frequency of Visit were satisfied with library collection whereas, 10(5.5%)
were not satisfied. 191(95.5%) were satisfied with
Sl. No. Frequency of use Responds % library services whereas, 9(4.5%) were not satisfied.
1 Regularly 93 46.5 183(91.5%) were satisfied with library infrastructure
2 Twice in a week 65 32.5 whereas, 17(8.5%) were not satisfied. 178(89%) were
satisfied with helpfulness of library staff whereas,
3 Once in a month 23 11.5
22(11%) were not satisfied. Study revealed that users
4 Twice in a month 14 7 were more satisfied with library overall resources and
5 Never 5 2.5 services.
Total 200 100

Table.6 Users satisfaction on University library performance
Sl. Users satisfaction Highly Satisfied Satisfied Not Satisfied

No.
1 Library opening & closing timing 174(87%) 15(7.5%) 11(5.5%)
2 Staff preparedness to help Users 180(90%) 18(9%) 2(1%)
3 User satisfaction on University 192(96%) 8(4%) 0
library overall performance
4 Provides photocopy and scanning 173(86.5%) 22(11%) 5(2.5%)
services
5 Reference staff are friendly with 155(77.5%) 38(19%) 7(3.5%)
users
6 Providing extended hours for internet 186(93%) 14(7%) 0
access
7 Books are available on the shelves 157(78.5%) 33(16.5%) 10(5%)
8 Wide-ranging significant e-books 145(72.5%) 53(26.5%) 2(1%)
and e-journals
9 Resources are added to library 145(72.5%) 39(19.5%) 1(0.5%)
collection regularly
10 User-friendly library catalogue 160(80%) 67(33.5%) 7(3.5%)
Table.6 shows that Users satisfaction on University its collections keeping in mind the information needs
library performance. This is found on the bases of of users and library should designed their services as
above given table users satisfaction on University per users changing expectations as well as information
library overall performance. However, only 11(5.5%) changing landscape. This study revealed that majority of
users were not satisfied with library opening and closing students are visiting library regularly and their foremost
time. This indicated that users are highly satisfied with purpose is study, followed by searching online resources
University library overall performance. and research work. This study also revealed that users
are more satisfied with library’s overall resources and
Summary of Findings
services.
The findings of the survey are as follows:
References
More male 130(65%) users uses library than the
1. Andaleeb, S. S., & Simmonds, P. L. (1998).
female 70(35%) users.
Explaining user satisfaction with academic
110(55%) Post-graduate students uses library libraries: strategic implications. College & Research
regularly, whereas,only 91(45%) Undergraduate Libraries, 59(2), 156-167.
students uses library regularly.
2. Simmonds, P. L., & Andaleeb, S. S. (2001). Usage
Regarding frequency of library visits, 91(46.5%) of academic libraries: Role of service. Library
visit regularly, 65(32.5%) twice in a week and Trends, 49(4), 626-34.
23(11.5%) once in a month, 14(7%) twice in a
3. Wells, J. (1995). The influence of library usage
month and 5(2.5%) never.
on undergraduate academic success. Australian
Majority of users uses library for study purpose Academic & Research Libraries, 26(2), 121-128.
91(45%), searching of online resources 40(20%)
4. Ball, R. (2008). User satisfaction: the key to a library’s
and research work 38(19%).
success. Biblioteka-klucz do sukcesuużytkowników
Study revealed that users were more satisfied with eInstytutuInformacjiNaukowejiBibliotekoznawstwa,
library and its overall resources and services and nr 5), 5-14.
overall performance.
5. Ijiekhuamhen, O. P., Aghojare, B., & Ferdinand, O.
Conclusion A. (2015). Assess Users’ satisfaction on Academic
Library Performance: A Study. International Journal
University libraries are investing cores of rupees every
of Academic Research and Reflection, 3(5), 67-77.
year for the collection development in order to meet the
information needs of users. In order to get the most out 6. Hiller, S. (2001). Assessing Users’ needs,
of the use of library resources, every library must build satisfaction, and Library Performance at the

University of Washington Libraries. Library Trends, 10. Arshad, A and Ameen, K. (2010). Service quality
49(4), 605-625. of the University of the Punjab’s libraries an
exploration of users’ perceptions. Performance
7. Singh, K & Das, K. C. (2014). Changing expectations
Measurement and Metrics, 11 (3), 313-325.
of library users in India. International Journal of
Librarianship and Administration, 5(3), 263-274. 11. Kassim, N.A. (2009). Evaluating user’s satisfaction
on academic library performance. Malaysian
http://www.academia.edu/11520087/Changing_
Journal of Library and Information Science, 14 (2),
Expectations_Of_IIT_Library_Users_In_India
101-115.
8. King, D. B. (2005). User surveys: Libraries ask,
12.
Bundelkhand University: https://www.bujhansi.
hey, how I am doing. Law LiBr. J., 97, 103.
org/?Inception (Accessed on 10/11/2016)
9. Adeniran, P. (2011). User satisfaction with academic
13. Central Library, Bundelkhand University: http://
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cenlib-bu.ac.in/?page_id=10(Accessed on
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Information Science. 3(10), 209-216.

Author Metrics : A Bibliometric Study of
‘E-Library Science Research Journal
Padma, P Ramasamy, K
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Library and Information Librarian, M V Muthiah Government Arts College for
Science, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai. Women, Dindigul - 624001.
Email: ppadmajournal@gmail.com/ Email: ramasamy1975@gmail.com
upswins@gmail.com
Abstract
Single journal bibliometric studies are gaining momentum in LIS research these days. The present study is an author
metric study of 521 journal articles published in the ‘e-Library Science Research Journal’ from Jan.2013 to Dec.2015.
The study reveals that : Maximum numbers of articles were contributed in two author style (255, 48.95 %) followed by
Single author style with 205 (39.35%) articles. Maximum number of authors (305) is Librarians followed by Research
Scholars (189) and Assistant Librarians (104). The least number of authors are the students with just 14 articles.
The most prolific authors are B. Devendra Patel and Manpreet Singh who contributed 12 articles each. Padma, P
has emerged as the most dominant author among all as her Dominant Factor is the highest (0.57). The CAI of single
authors shows an oscillation which indicates that the domination of solo research keeps fluctuating. But the CAI of
two authors increased from 184.82 in 2013 to 213.91 in 2015 which conveys that the LIS researchers prefer to work
jointly with another professional. CC and MCC show a fluctuating pattern. Degree of collaboration had a maximum
value of 1.84 % in the year 2014 and minimum value of 1.44 in the year 2015.
Key Words : Authorship pattern, degree of collaboration, collaborative coefficient, prolific authors, dominant authors,
co-authorship index
Introduction Akthar Hussain and Nishat Fattima (2011) studied the
bibliometric analysis of ‘Chinese Librarianship (2006-
The term ‘ Librametry’ was coined in 1948 by Dr.S.R.
2010). Single author’s domination and the prolific
Ranganathan, a great library scientist, which historically
country- USA were elaborated. Thanuskodi S (2011)
appeared first and was intended to streamline the
reported a bibliometric analysis of ‘Library herald Journal
services of librarianship. Bibliometrics is analogous
( 2006-2010) and disclosed the facts that most of the
to Ranganathan’s librametrics, the Russian concept
contributions are from India and most of the authors
of scientometrics, infometrics, and subdisciplines like
preferred journals as the source of information providing
econometrics, psychometrics, sociometrics, biometrics,
highest number of citations. Kumar and Moorthy ( 2011)
technometrics, chemometrics, and climetrics, where
covered various parameters like growth pattern, content
mathematics and statistics are applied to study and
coverage, authorship patterns of DESIDOC Journal of
solve problems in their respective fields.
Library and information technology during 2001-2010.
Bibliometrics is the application of mathematical and
Ramasamy K (2012) reported a bibliometric analysis
statistical methods to publications (from biblos: book
of ‘ D-Lib Journal’ ( 2008-2011) and the study reveals
and metron: measurement). The term “Bibliometrics”
that total number of contributions of the said period
was first coined by Pritchard in 1969 Scientometrics is
were 117 articles. Tamilselvi (2012) covered various
now used for the application of quantitative methods to
parameters like year-wise distribution of contributions,
the history of science and overlaps with bibliometrics to
authorship pattern, country-wise distribution, subject-
a considerable extent.
wise distribution, institution-wise distribution, references
White & McCain (1989, p. 119) have the following published, distribution of citations and sources of
definition and explanation: “Bibliometrics is the citations of the Journal Librarianship and Information
quantitative study of literatures as they are reflected Science during 2007-2011.
in bibliographies. Its task, immodestly enough, is to
Barik and Jena (2013) made a bibliometric analysis on
provide evolutionary models of science, technology,
‘Journal of Knowledge Management Practice’. The study
and scholarship.”
covers the 180 articles of 21 volumes in 5 years from
Review of Literature 2008-2012. Chandran (2013) presented a bibliometric
study on research trends in ‘Journal of Intellectual
Thanuskodi S (2010) did a bibliometric analysis of the
Property Rights’ (JIPR) between 2007and 2012. The
‘Journal of Library philosophy and practice from 2005-
study found that the highest number of contributions
2009’ revealed that the highest number of articles had
i.e., 56 (19.79 %) were published in the year 2012.
appeared in the area of computer application in LIS.

Das (2013) analyzed the journal “Library Trends” with articles, authorship pattern, subject wise distribution
an aim to analyse the contributions of the author and of articles, average number of references per articles,
the citations cited by various articles appeared in it. forms of documents cited, year wise distribution of cited
The study comprised of 206 articles published from journals etc.
2007-2012. Edeworr (2013) evaluated the ‘Journal of
Maity and Teli (2015) identified the growth and authorship
Information and Knowledge Management (IIJIKM)’
pattern of productivity in the “Malaysian Journal of
over a four year period of 20110-2013 to assess its
Library and Information Science 2010 to 2014”. Padma
performance viz-a viz importance index, influence
and Ramasamy (2015) undertook a bibliometric study of
weight and popularity index. Maharana and Das (2013)
contributions found in the ‘Malaysian Journal of Library
explored the publication trends of Malaysian Journal of
and information science’ during the years 2007-2012.
Library and Information Science (MJLIS) 2007-2011.
The analysis focused on the volume-wise distribution
Padma and Ramasamy (2013) carried out a bibliometric
of articles, authorship-pattern, degree of collaboration,
study of the journal “Journal of Information Literacy”
reference pattern, range of references, length of
(2007-2012) - a free online journal. The study focused
papers, the rank list of prolific authors, the ranked list
on the authorship pattern, types of publications, citation
of geographical affiliation of the authors, the subject
study, no. of pages, institution-wise output, country-wise
categories etc. Verma, Sonkar and Gupta (2015) did a
output, the degree of collaborative research, degree of
bibliometric study of the E-Journal, ‘Library Philosophy
collaboration, year-wise and volume-wise contributions
and Practice’ for the period 2005 to 2014. The study
etc. Pareek (2013) carried out a bibliometric study of
covers the growth of literature and authorship patterns
the literature of the IFLA journal during 2001-2010. The
of the journal, and various other bibliometrics aspects
study deals the distribution of article by year, authorship
such as authors’ degree of collaboration, geographical
patterns, and distribution of contributions by institution,
productivity in scholarly publications, subject wise
subject distributions, citation patterns, length of article,
distribution of articles and ranking pattern etc.
rank of cited authors, and geographical distributions
of authors. Rabindra and Das (2013) analysed the Objectives
publication trends of Malaysian Journal of Library and
The broad objective of the study is to analyse the
Information Science (MJLIS) to examine the year/
authorship pattern of 521 journal articles published from
volume wise, country-wise distribution of contributions,
Jan.2013 to Dec.2015 in ‘e-Library Science Research
authorship patterns, degree of collaboration, pattern
Journal’.
of co-authorship, length of paper published, study of
citation, most prolific contributor, country and institution/ 1. Authorship Pattern Analysis : To know the
organization etc for the period 2007-2011. Watti and Authorship Pattern
Tiwari (2013) evaluated the articles published in
SRELS Journals of Information Management from Year-wise Authorship Pattern
2006-2011 to find out the authorship pattern, Year wise Designation-wise distribution of articles
distribution, length of article, degree of collaboration
and geographical distribution of authors. Most Prolific authors
Gudodagi and Manjunatha (2014) evaluated the Dominant Authors

publication and reference patterns in the PEARL - A 2 Collaborative Analysis : To calculate and understand
Journal of Library & Information Science from 2007-2013.
The analysis covers various parameters like growth Year-wise, half-yearly and Quarter-wise
pattern, authorship patterns, citation-wise distribution of degree of collaboration
research papers, etc. Mamdapur, Rajgoli and Chavan Collaborative co-efficient and Modified
(2014) analyzed articles published in SRELS Journal of Collaborative coefficient
Information Management during the years 2004-2013
to study the key dimensions of its publication trends Co-authorship Index
using bibliometric measures. Pandita (2014) carried Research Method
out a bibliometric study on 366 scholarly research
articles published in ‘DESIDOC Journal of Library and This is a single journal bibliometric study. 521 journal
Information Technology, during the period 2003-2012. articles published in English in the journal ‘ e-Library
The study confined to examine article distribution pattern Science Research Journal’ from Jan.2013 to Dec.2015
of the journal articles, authorship pattern, geographical were personally gone through by the researchers and
distribution of authors and citation analysis. Thanuskodi necessary details were jotted down in the exclusively
(2014) made a study on the bibliometric analysis of designed MS Excel worksheet. The data was then
the journal titled “D-Lib Magazine” for the period 2003 subjected to analysis with the help of relevant
- 2012. The analysis covered mainly the number of bibliometric indicators and necessary inferences were
drawn.

Data Analysis
Authorship Pattern
1. Authorship Pattern
Table- 1 Authorship Pattern
Sl. No No of Authors No. of Articles Percentage

1 Single Author 205 39.35
2 Two Authors 255 48.95
3 Three Authors 48 9.22
4 Four Authors 10 1.91
5 Five Authors 01 0.19
6 Six Authors 02 0.38
Total 521 100
(Sources: Primary data)
Table 1 and Fig. 1 reveal the authorship pattern of the articles published during the period of study 2013-2015.
Out of 521 journal articles, maximum numbers of articles were contributed in two author style (255, 48.95 %). This
is followed by Single author style with 205 (39.35%) articles and three author style with 48 articles (9.22 %). Four
authored pattern contributed 10 articles (1.91 %). The least popular authorship pattern in ELSRJ is five authored (1,
0.19 %) and six authored (2, 0.38 %).
300 Authorship Pattern

255
250 205
No. of Articles
200
No. of Articles
150
100
48
50 10 1 2
0
Single Two Three Four Five Six
Author Authors Authors Authors Authors Authors
Authorship Pattern
Figure 1: Authorship Pattern

2. Testing of Hypothesis: Pearson Coefficient Correlation Test
H0: There is no association between the number of authors and the number of publications
Table- 2 : Co-relation between number of authors and number of publications
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
Number of Authors 3.50 1.871 6
Number of Publications 86.83 113.330 6
Correlations
Number of Authors Number of Publications

Pearson Correlation 1 -.856*
Number of Authors Sig. (2-tailed) .030
N 6 6
Pearson Correlation -.856* 1
Number of Publications Sig. (2-tailed) .030
N 6 6
Table 4.12 illustrates the association between Number of authors & Number of contributions. The p value is
0.030. Since it is less than 0.05, null hypothesis is rejected and the alternate hypothesis is accepted. Thus, there
is a correlation between the number of authors and the number of publications. But there is a strong negative
correlation as the r value is -0.856. Mostly, when the number of authors increases, the number of publications
decreases.
3. Year-wise Authorship Pattern
Table- 3: Year-wise Authorship Pattern
S:No Authorship Pattern 2013 2014 2015 Total Percentage

1 Single Authors 49 96 60 205 39.35 %
2 Two Authors 55 90 110 255 48.95 %
3 Three Authors 08 18 22 48 9.22 %
4 Four Authors 02 04 04 10 1.92 %
5 Five Authors 0 01 0 01 0.19 %
6 Six Authors 0 01 01 02 0.38 %
Total 114 210 197 521 100 %
Table 3 and Fig. 2 show the year-wise authorship patterns of publications during the period of 2013-2015. During
2013 and 2015 number of articles contributed by single authors was less than that by two authors. But in 2014,
the number of single authored articles was more than the two-authored articles. In all the years, three author style
has occupied third position. While articles of five author style is the least among all with just 1 article published
in 2014, articles published in six author pattern is the next least with just 2 articles published in 2014 and 2015.
Year - wise Authorship Pattern
110
96 90
No. of Articles
60 55
49
18 22
8 2 4 4 0 1 0 0 1 1
Single Two Three Four Five Six

Author Authors Authors Authors Authors Authors
Authorship Pattern
Figure 2: Year - wise Authorship Pattern

4. Designation-wise Distribution of Article
Table- 4: Designation-wise Distribution of Article (Top 10)
No. of
S:No Designation Cumulative Percentage Cum %
Contributors
1 Librarians 305 305 35.46% 35.46%
2 Research Scholars 189 494 21.98% 57.44%
3 Assistant Librarians 104 598 12.09% 69.53%
4 Professors 77 675 8.96% 78.49%
5 Assistant Professors 72 747 8.37% 86.86%
6 Associate Professors 43 790 5.00% 97.86%
7 Lectures 20 810 2.33% 94.19%
8 Deputy Librarians 18 828 2.09% 96.28%
9 Resource Officers 18 846 2.09% 98.37%
10 Students 14 860 1.63% 100%
Total 860 100%
Table 4 and Fig. 3 show the designation -wise distribution of authors. The maximum number of authors (305) is
Librarians followed by Research Scholars (189), Assistant Librarians (104), Professors (77), Assistant Professors
(72) and Associate Professors (43). The least number of authors are the students with just 14 articles. It is a
good sign to note that next to librarians, research scholars are more in numbers in contributing articles in ELSRJ.
350 Designation-wise Distribution of Articles (Top 10)

305
300
250
200 189
150 104
77 72
100 No of Contributors
43
50 20 18 18 14
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Figure 3: Designation-wise Distribution of Articles (Top 10)

5 Most Prolific Authors
Table- 5: Most Prolific Authors
No. of
S:No Prolific Authors Percentage Rank
Contribution
1 B. Devendra Patel 12 7.44 % I
2 Manpreet Singh 12 7.44 % I
3 Sangita Gupta 09 5.59 % II

No. of
S:No Prolific Authors Percentage Rank
Contribution
4 H. Adithya Kumari 09 5.59 % II
5 Vishwanath Pratap Singh 09 5.59 % II
6 P. Sarasvathy 08 4.97 % III
7 Richa Sharma 08 4.97 % III
8 K. Pratapure Sujata 08 4.97 % III
9 V. SenthurVelmurugan 08 4.97 % III
10 Khaparde Vaishali 08 4.97 % III
11 Chikkamanju 07 4.35 % IV
12 Rajender Kumar 07 4.35 % IV
13 S. Thanuskodi 07 4.35 % IV
14 J. Manjunatha Nagasundara 07 4.35 % IV
15 P. Padma 07 4.35 % IV
16 Prabhat Pandey 07 4.35 % IV
17 Ziaur Rahman 07 4.35 % IV
18 K. Ramasamy 07 4.35 % IV
19 Santosh Rani 07 4.35 % IV
20 L. K. Sharma 07 4.35 % IV
Total 161 100 %
Table 5 shows the most prolific authors of e-Library Science Research Journal during the study period. A total
of 886 authors contributed 521 articles over a period of three years 2013-2015. The most prolific authors are
B. Devendra Patel and Manpreet Singh who contributed 12 articles each holding 1st rank followed by Sangita
Gupta, H. Adithya Kumari and Vishwanath Pratap Singh with 09 articles each share 2nd rank. There are two
authors with 12 articles, 3 authors with 9 articles, 5 authors with 8 articles and 10 authors with 7 articles each.
6 Ranking of Most Dominant Authors
Dominance Factor (DF) is the proportion of number of multi authored publications of an author as first author
(Nmf) to total number of multi authored publications of author (Nmt). It is calculated with the following formula
used by Sudhir Kumar & Surendra Kumar (2008).
F = Nmf / Nmt
Table 6: Most Dominant Authors
S.No Author PP SA MA FA DF Rank

1 P. Padma 07 0 7 4 0.57 I
2 K. Ramasamy 07 0 7 3 0.43 II
3 Chikkamanju 07 0 7 3 0.43 II
4 Richa Sharma 08 1 7 3 0.43 II
5 P. Sarasvathy 08 0 8 3 0.37 III
6 Ziaur Rahman 07 1 6 2 0.33 IV

7 Prabhat Pandey 07 0 7 2 0.28 V
8 Manpreet Singh 12 0 12 4 0.25 VI
9 K. Pratapure Sujata 08 0 8 2 0.25 VI
10 S.Thanuskodi 07 1 6 1 0.16 VII
11 J. Manjunatha Nagasundara 07 0 7 1 0.14 VIII
12 L. K. Sharma 07 0 7 1 0.14 VIII
13 Vishwanath Pratap Singh 09 2 7 1 0.14 VIII
14 H. Adithya Kumari 09 0 9 1 0.11 IX
15 Sangita Gupta 09 0 9 1 0.11 IX
16 B. Devendra Patel 12 0 12 1 0.08 X
17 Rajender Kumar 07 2 5 2 0.4 XI
18 Khaparde Vaishali 08 0 8 0 0 XII
19 V. SenthurVelmurugan 08 6 2 0 0 XII
20 Santosh Rani 07 2 5 0 0 XII
(Note: PP-Published papers, FA-First authored, SA-Single authored,
MA-Multiple authored, DF-Dominance Factor)
Table 6 shows that P.Padma has emerged as the most dominant author among all the authors, as her Dominant
Factor is the highest (0.57). The second most dominant authors are K.Ramasamy, Chikkamanju and Richa
Sharma whose dominant factor is 0.43. The third most dominant author is P Sarasvathy whose DF is 0.37.
Thus, we could see an evidential change between the most prolific authors and most dominant authors. For example,
P Padma who was allotted IV rank in the list of most prolific authors is given first rank as the most dominant author.
K.Ramasamy who was given fourth rank in the list of most prolific author is placed as second most dominating author
because of his DF. B Devendra Patel who was the most prolific author as per the Table 4.16 is now placed in tenth
rank as his DF is 0.08.
COLLABORATIVE ANALYSIS
7 Co-Authorship Index (CAI)
CAI = ((Nij / Nio ) / (Noj / Noo)) x 100
Where Nij denotes the number of papers co-authored by j authors in the ith country, Nio denotes the total number
of papers in the ith country, Noj denotes the number of papers co-authored by j authors in all countries and Noo
refers to the total number of papers in all countries.
Table 7: Co-Authorship Index (CAI)
Year Single CAI Two CAI More than Two CAI Total
Author Authors Authors
2013 49 109.24 55 184.82 10 16.32 114
2014 96 304.21 90 164.18 24 21.26 210
2015 60 202.68 110 213.91 27 25.50 197
Total 205 255 61 521
Table 4.23 and Fig. 4.20 show that the CAI of single authors shows an oscillation which indicates that the
domination of solo research keeps fluctuating. But the CAI of two authors increased from 184.82 in 2013 to
213.91 in 2015 which conveys that the LIS researchers prefer to work jointly with another professional. The
CAI of more than two authors increased from 16.32 in 2013 to 25.50 in 2015 indicating the preference of LIS
researchers to work in small teams.

Co-Authorship Index
350 304.21
300 213.91
250 202.68
CIA Values
184.82 164.18
200
150 109.24
100 21.26 25.5
50 16.32
0
SA TA MTA SA TA MTA SA TA MTA
2013 2014 2015

Years
Figure 4: Co-Authorship Index (CAI)

Note. SA = Single Authors; TA = Two Authors; MTA = More than Two Authors
8 Collaboration coefficient (CC) and Modified 9 Year-wise Degree of Collaboration

Collaboration Coefficient (MCC)
Table- 9: Year-wise Degree of Collaboration
CC is calculated by:
Degree of
S: Single Multiple NM
1 Year Collabora-
∑ j  j  fj
A No (NS) (NM) + NS
=1 tion (DC)
CC =   1 2013 49 65 114 1.75

2 2014 96 114 210 1.84
N 3 2015 60 137 197 1.44
 ∑ A (1/ j ) fj  Total 205 316 521 1.65

A  j =1 
MCC
= 1 −  (Sources: Primary data)
A −1   Subramaniam has deduced a formula for calculating the
 degree of collaboration as C = Nm / Nm + Ns ( Where c =
extent of collaboration ; Ns = number of single authored
Table 8 : Collaborative Measures of ELSRJ papers ; Nm = number of multi authored papers. Thus
the percentage of collaboration can be arrived at by
Single Total applying the formula C= Nm/ (Nm + Ns)
Year Others CC MCC
Author Articles
Table 9 and Fig.5 show the computed values for the
2013 49 65 114 0.30 0.30 degree of collaboration using Subramaniam’s formula.
2014 96 114 210 0.29 0.29 The analysis of the extent of collaboration of e-Library
science research journal reveals the following facts.
2015 60 137 197 0.37 0.38 Degree of collaboration had a maximum value of
1.84 % in the year 2014 and minimum value of 1.44
Total 205
in the year 2015 and hence there is an increasing
Table 8 depicts that the collaboration co-efficient of collaborative trend in the research output of ELSRJ
ELSRS shows a fluctuating pattern. It decreased from during the study period. The Degree of Collaboration for
0.30 in 2013 to 0.29 in 2014 but increased to 0.37 in the study period is 1.65 which indicates the domination
2015. The Modified Collaboration Co-efficient too shows co-author productivity over single author productivity in
the same pattern for the study period. LIS research as depicted in ELSRJ.

Year wise - Degree of Collaboration
2 1.75 1.84
DC Value
1.5 1.44
1
2013
0.5 2014
0 2015
2013
2014
2015
Year
Figure 5: Year - wise Degree of Collaboration

10 Half- Year-wise Degree of Collaboration
Table-10 : Half- Year-wise Degree of Collaboration
S:No Half Year Period Single (NS) Multiple (NM) NM + NS DC

2013
1 1st half January - June 19 19 38 2
2 2nd half July - December 30 46 76 1.65
2014
3 3rd half January-June 56 56 112 2
4 4th half July - December 40 58 98 1.69
2015
5 5th half January - June 35 73 108 1.48
6 6th half July - December 25 64 89 1.39
Total 205 316 521
Table 10 and Fig. 6 show the computed values for the degree of collaboration using Subramaniam’s formula.
The analysis of the extent of collaboration of e-Library science research journal reveals the following facts.
The degree of collaboration was 2 in the first half-year period (January-June, 2013) and 3rd half-year period
(January-June, 2014). It was the least in 6th half-year period (July-December, 2015) with a DC of 1.39. Thus, the
degree of collaboration shows a fluctuating trend during the study period. But it is transparent that collaborative
researcher becomes more pertinent and common than the solo researches in LIS research.
Half - yearly - Wise Degree of Collaboration

2
2
2
1.65 1.69 1st half
1.48
1.39
DC Value
1.5 2nd half
3rd half
1
4th half
0.5
5th half
0 6th half
1st half 2nd half 3rd half 4th half 5th half 6th half
Half- Yearly Periods
Figure 6 : Half – yearly - wise Degree of Collaboration

11 Quarterly Degree of Collaboration of Research Productivity
Table- 11 : Quarterly Degree of Collaboration of Research Productivity
NM +
S:No Quarter Period Single (NS) Multiple (MS) DC
NS
2013
1 1st Q January – March 08 06 14 2.33
2 2nd Q April – June 11 13 24 1.85
3 3rd Q July – September 14 22 36 1.64
4 4th Q October – December 16 24 40 1.67
2014
5 5th Q January – March 25 26 51 1.96
6 6th Q April – June 31 30 61 2.03
7 7th Q July – September 28 37 65 1.76
2015
9 9th Q January – March 15 34 49 1.44
10 10th Q April – June 20 39 59 1.51
11 11th Q July – September 18 29 47 1.62
Total 205 316 521
Table 11 shows the computed values of the degree of collaboration for the articles published in ELSRJ during
2013-2015 with Subramaniam’s formula. The degree of collaboration was maximum (2.33) in 1st Quarter i.e.
January-March, 2013 and the least degree of collaboration (1.20) was found in 12th Quarter i.e. October-
December, 2015. The degree of collaboration showed an increasing trend from 3rd quarter to 6th quarter and
from 9th quarter to 11th quarter. During other quarters, we could see fluctuations in collaborative research.
Conclusion authors from India may collaborate with the authors of
other countries to produce productive articles.
The study has given rise the following suggestions from
the researchers as concluding remarks. Authors may References
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unl.edu/libphilprac/1038

Contemporary Issues in Library and Information
Management: Challenges for LIS Professionals
Jayanta Kumar Tripathy Sushanta Kumar Pathy
Librarian Assistant Librarian
Indian Institute of Management Ranchi Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
Abstract
Academic libraries are making efforts to utilise Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to manage their
collections and services. Electronic resources are evolving as an exclusive access point to information as the users
of academic libraries are favoring more and more online access to digital repositories of resource articles, e-books,
e-dissertations & theses and online access to newspapers. Digital resources have turned into the integral part of the
library collections. The rapid increase of e- resources have emerged as a challenging situation for the libraries which
manage them. There is a change in nature of library collections, change in the models for acqusition, managing and
retrieving the library materials. This article discusses about the challenges faced by the library and information science
(LIS) professionals working in a global information environment; tools & technologies to manage digital collections
and delivery of electronic information services. This paper aims to find out the challenges in contemporary library
environment which are due to the proliferation of information and communication technologies and the electronic
insurrection. The paper examines the present issues in library and information management. Library and information
professionals face challenges in managing the users demand, their expectations and technological revolutions. This
article outlines the online content procurement, organization, access and systems issues and technical challenges
experienced by the LIS professionals.
Key Words : Emerging technologies, Contemporary issues, Emerging issues, Information management, LIS
professionals, Information services, ICT, Academic libraries.
Introduction regarding the complexity such as: electronic resources

management, dissemination of unpublished electronic
The contemporary libraries are facing top challenges
resources, security and privacy of information, providing
towards the effective management of library services,
access to all the users community, ethical and legal
the resource preservation and conservation along with
use of materials dealing with copyright and intellectual
the implementation of new digital tools and techniques.
property rights, plagiarism etc.
There are some larger issues involved in managing
the library and information centre and its management. Some of the key challenges are mentioned below:
Librarianship in India is perceiving a paradigm shift
1 Copyright, Intellectual Property Rights and
and renovation in line with the universal demand. The
Licensing : The lack of good legislation and ease of
globalization of the information services invites more
duplication, adaptation and communication has led
queries and challenges for the librarianship in the
to severe copyright problems. Electronic resources
Indian environment.This paper highlights these issues,
presently stress access to information rather than
challenges, proper ways and means for dealing with
ownership to information. The publishers are
these in order to provide quality library and information
emphasizing their right to intellectual property rights
services to the academic fraternity.
and copyright through license agreements. Many
The challenges for academic libraries in the 21st publishers are offering flat fee subscription model
century to institutions. But, the scholarly society promotes
to share the information and the academic model
In the 21st century the academic libraries are facing
of e-resource publication and distribution. E-
harsh challenges. In order to manage eletronic
Resource provides the right to authors to permit
resources and information services effectively,
free use of their publications. On the other hand,
the library and information professionals need to
commercial publishers prevent the access of their
acquire knowledge, skills and competencies. They
contents without making the payment.
need to involve themselves in a proactive way in the
electronic environment and be assertive in fulfilling the 2 Content : The content of electronic resources
requirements for acquiring, managing, and providing must have a precise comprehensive articles or
access to information in all formats. The library chapters or sections accompanied with graphics,
and information professionals have to emphasize images, charts, tables, cited text, references
themselves as key players in the information society. etc. Also the print and electronic versions of the
The LIS professionals should be communicative same resources should have equal contents. The

electronic resources should be accessible not later that digital materials are preserved appropriately
than the printed version. For the electronic version based on the recent technologies and new formats,
of access, usage and characteristics of print titles and access to those materials can be provided to
may be taken into consideration. the users communities. As elctronic collections
advanced, concerns grow about the general lack
3. Access : Currently the e-resources are mostly
of long-term planning for their preservation.One
accessible online through authenticated IP
measures in determining the appropriateness
based model. Also available are the user ID and
of electronic resources is the need to maintain
Password based but it should be the second choice
archival access if there is a provision in the license
only. There are various other technology available
agreement with the content providers. The users
such as the remote access where the subscribed
should continue to have access to the resources
resources can be accessed remotely anywhere in
even if the subscription is cancelled, publication
the world through IP based or by user login ID and
ceases, content is sold to a different publisher,
password. Also the Offline databases in CD-ROM/
or the technological platform changes. Preferable
DVD-ROM (one time installation required) or using
form for e-resource archiving is online, and not CD-
Dongle authentication for accessing in dedicated
ROM format.
systems. As regards to the access of online
resources, various subscription models available 6. Selection and acquisition : The responsibility of
such as current only subscription, where only the the selection of electronic resources rests upon the
current year subscribed resources are accessible. librarian and core users with the guidance of the
Perpetual access which facilitates current as well library advisory committee and the Director. The
as past 5 to 10 yrs of resources (varies with the recommendations of subject experts in appropriate
publishers) as per the license agreements. Archival disciplines are considered according to established
access is available for back issues with different selection procedures. The process of selection of
bundles of 10ys, 20yrs, 30yrs….. and complete e-resources resembles that of other periodicals.
package etc.. Archival databases are paid onetime Some special considerations unique to electronic
payment only. However, the archival access resources those should be concentrated on by
does not cover the current subscription upto the the libraries are: subscription method, ordering
perpetual access period. practice, standards, and usefulness of search
engines, access authentication, and the software
4. Stability : In the digital e-content subscription
& hardware compatibility, license agreements.
a guarentee of the stability and reliability of
The selection policy should include: technical
uninterrupted access has to be ascertained.
feasibility like access (remote or within campus),
Customer and technical support should be timely
authentication (IP based or user ID & password
and notified of technical problems (if any) for
based), hardware and software compatibility &
a stable access to the e-contents. In case of a
availability; functionality and reliability such as,
server maintenance a prior-information should be
retrieval, downloading, exporting, and printing;
communicated by the publishers.
vendor support such as training, tutorials,
Licensing ofe-resources are typically done customization; supply and delivery such as
between the libraries and publishers/providers purchase models, access options, archiving etc.
of the e-resources. It is imperative for the LIS
7. Training and support for staff and patrons : Due
professionals to examine the licensing terms,
to the large number of electronic publications and
conditions particularly the content, access and the
the variety of different interfaces the users need
pricing of the electronic resources. Licensing terms
more sophisticated searching and retrieving skills
and conditions may vary from basic subscriptions
to access the electronic resources. The library staff
to premium one. Basic subscriptions license
should be given good training and support and they
offer minimum access to electronic resources
should be made aware to the new development of
with limitation in viewing, downloading or printing
information and communication technologies. This
options whereas premium license provides access
will result in more flexible and suitable services that
to the entire available e-access with no limitations.
can be offered to the user’s community. The libraries
5. Archiving & Preserving : Library and information have to play the role of information provider. The
professionals face challenges while determining changing technologies and users’ needs are very
what should be digitized, whether those can be much to be considered during the delivery of the
digitised, whether copyright issues are there or services.
not for digitisation, and to develop appropriate
Tools & Technologies to Manage Digital Collections
bibliographic control mechanisms for digital
materials. Also LIS professionals must ensure The various tools and technology to manage the digital

e-contents are described below: It authenticates library users against local
authentication systems and provides remote
1. Institutional Repository (IR) : An Institutional
access to licensed content based on the user’s
Repository (IR) is a digital archive where an
authorization.
academic institutions’ intellectual work is preserved
and made accessible. The scholarly materials 3. A to Z Service : It provides access to e-resources
published by the researchers are made accessible with an A to Z list through library portal which contain
and available to users through web-based links to all e-resources. It allows the users to find
searchable databases through intranet and internet the e-resources easily. It provides access to all of
as well. IR includes student’s thesis and project library’s resources, including e-resources, titles in
reports; researcher’s publications, lecture notes full-text databases, titles in publisher packages and
and presentation etc. The popular software to e-books.
manage IR are: DSpace, Greenstone and ePrints.
4. Federated Search : Library subscribes to several
2. Access Management/Authentication : Once e-resources. It is very time consuming if the
e-resources are procured, access has to be users search all the resources separately. In the
given to the user’s community. There are various federated search facility, instead of searching the
methods that can be used for both authentication e-resource one by one in different platform, it allows
and authorization of licensed e-resources. Those users to real-time search of multiple e-resources
are: simultaneously at a time through single search
query wherein users can get the result in a single
2.1 Username and password-based access : User
integrated list. The popular federated search
name and password are the most common
services are: 360 search from Serials Solutions,
mechanism for giving access to the users. The
MetaLib from Ex Libris, and EBSCOhost Integrated
users can access to the subscribed content of
Search from EBSCO.
the library by using the login credential provided
the e-resources providers from anywhere. The 5. Discovery Service : Discovery service pre-indexes
method for accessing e-resources via UserID / the metadata and also the full text documents
Password has less security as it is not easy to where as federated search applications do search
keep the password secret for long period. live sources. Hence discovery search is much
faster than the federated search. Discovery service
2.2 IP (Internet Protocol) based authentication : To
provides a single search interface to multiple
overcome the misuse or security issues with
resources. Discovery service facilitates the users to
user id and password system of accessing the
search multiple full-text and bibliographic databases
e-resources, IP authenticated access method
subscribed by the library as well as open access
become more popular and commonly used in
e-resources, library OPAC, and IRs through a single
the library. The benefit of this method is the user
search box. The most used discovery services are
need not to remember/worry about the User
EBSCO’s Discovery Service, ProQuest’s Summon,
ID and Password. In this mechanism library
Ex Libris’s Primo Central.
provides a range of IP address to the content
provider. IP based access authentication has 6. Link Resolver : It allows users to find out the
a suitable and an appropriate function for availability of scholarly full text information
access e-resources for the on-campus, but resources such as e-books, e-resources, e-theses
the e-resources can’t be accessed from off etc that the library have and redirects the users to
campus. those resources. It is a service that redirects users
from an online link to the subscribed content that
2.3 Remote access : Remote access mechanism
the user can access.
is required if the users want to access the
e-resources outside the designated IP Conclusion
range. The users first need to a login to a
At the time of rapid technological proliferations in the
proxy server. A proxy server allows users
information and communication hardware such as the
with log-in credentials to log in to the proxy
internet and the software for accessing and viewing
server. The campus network allows remote
materials, electronic digital contents have continued to
access to authorized users by passing them
attract more and more scholars to participate in this.
through a proxy server. EZproxy, Remote
There has been a steady increase in the publication of
Access and Open Athens arethe popular
electronic contents as compared to the print resources.
remote authentication systems those help
With the explosion of information technology and the
users with remote access to Web-based
increasing numbers of electronic resources, the roles of
licensed content subscribed by the libraries.
authors, publishers, researchers, users and the libraries

will be increasingly intermingled. The current electronic academic libraries. Library Hi Tech, 27(4), 557–
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Students Use of Library Resources and Services:
A Case Study of Mahila Mahavidhyalaya,
BHU, Varanasi
Mr. Akhilesh Kumar Varma, Dr. Kunwar Singh,
Junior Research Fellow Assistant Professor
Email ID- akhileshbhu23@gmail.com Department of Library & Information Science
Faculty of Arts
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005
Email ID-singhdlisbhu2015@gmail.com
Abstract
This study was aimed to identify the Students use of library resources and services at Mahila Mahavidhyalaya, BHU,
Varanasi. The study employed structured questionnaire to obtain required data. 150 questionnaires were distributed
among the students of Mahila Mahavidhyalaya, BHU during the academic hours. 133(88.66%) questionnaires were
collected and analyzed for the study. The findings indicateall respondents’ education level and age. Further, it is also
clear from the study that majority 47(35.34%) of students visits library daily although, 53(20.38%) students visits to
library to study and 41(15.77%) visits library to issue & return the books whereas, 38(14.62%) to access electronic
resources and 31(11.92%)to consult reference books. Further, students articulated that they are very much satisfied
with library resources and services offered to them.
Key Words : Academic libraries, Library use, Information, Library resources, Library services
Introduction to go up against their part as skilled occupants. In his

convocation address delivered on 14 December, 1929,
Academic library plays a vital role for fulfilling its parent
Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya announced
organization mission and goal. According to (Burman,
the establishment of the Women’s College of the
2013) in today’s fast changing world, information needs
Banaras Hindu University inside the grounds of the
of learners and knowledge seekers are met through
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (http://www.bhu.
access of sources. The resources available in a library
ac.in/mmv/).
play a prominent role in facilitating access to required
information to the users in an easy and expeditious Literature Review
manner. Successful educational system depends
Ramakrishna & others (2016) conducted a study on
exhaustively on the accessibility and utilization of
the status and usage of library resources and services
information sources and services. In the same way
and library use opinion about library working hours,
(Edward & Fisher, 2002) explained that, academic
library physical facilities, library information sources
libraries are providing knowledge and information
and service of K L (Koneru Lakshmaiah Educational
resources for teaching, learning and research. Academic
Foundation) University, Vijayawada. The findings of
libraries are rapidly supporting, encouraging and
the study confirmed that library users fully satisfied
adapting new form of teaching and learning exercises
with library facilities, library working hours, information
e.g. group projects, group study, team work and activity-
sources and library information services.Singh and Arora
based learning and assignments.
(2015) concentrated the role of selected Universities in
Background of the Study Haryana, India in advanced education and research
of Engineering, Science and Technology. In this paper
Since its inception in 1916, the Banaras Hindu University
authors have completely concentrates the working,
has been attempting towards women’s education. Its
the assets and administrations of these libraries. The
visionary originator Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan
accumulation improvement, library enrollment, staff
Malviya foreseen enormous vitality of women’s direction
position, working hours, administrations offered and
and the fundamental part women would need to play
e-resources subscribed by these libraries are also
in the change of the country. Regardless, the present
talked about. On the other hand Gurikar and Gurikar
social milieu ended up being a block. Mahamana
(2015) communicated that principle points of college
cured this by opening a college for women wherein an
library is to support teaching, learning and research
amalgamation of the Vedic impeccable and present day
exercises of its parent establishments. It is also said
allow would work towards forming the Indian women
that University library must ensure that their resources

are being utilized by its clients. The findings of study graduate students recognized the role of their university
uncovered that how the utilization of the information library and its issues. Therefore, it is imperative
resources changing from print to e-resources and since the nature of postgraduate study demands that
more users are excited to utilize electronic resources. students shouldundertake a self-determining study on
Likewise Owusu-Acheaw& Larson (2014)undertook a their own. The authors suggested that the use of library
study on utilization of library resources by the students resources and services is consequently indispensable
of koforidua Polytechnic. Findings indicated that 82.0% to the post graduate students in order to achieve their
of the respondents are aware of the availability of academic purpose. Similarly, Oyewusi and Oyeboade
library resources followed by make effective use of the (2009) carried out a study at Ladoks Akintola University,
resources 58.6% and had difficulty retrieving materials Ogbomosa, Nigeria to investigate the accessibility
from shelves 61.4%. The study also revealed that 63.3% anduse of library resources by undergraduates. It
of the respondents visit the library to read lecture notes was found that 76.8% respondents use the library as
while 57.3% do not use the library resources because aplace where they can read and study, 7.9% used it
they depend on lectures notes. It is recommended that for research, 4.3% visit the library when they want to
information literacy course need to be included in the borrow the book, while 7.4% sleep and socialize in the
curriculum of the institution that would expose students library. It is indicated that Nigerian students perceive
for library use. Burman (2013) surveyed 47 students library as a place where serious academic work can be
of the library and information science of Kurukshetra done. Igun & Adogbeji (2007) conducted a study among
University, Kurukshetra. The finding revealed that the post graduate students. Study revealed that majority
68.08% students visit the library for reading text books, of the students claimed that their main purpose of using
87.23% students were aware about the photocopy the library is to update their knowledge and skills. It is
service, while 65.95% students use the internet for therefore, important to know the needs and opinions of
educational purpose. It was clear from the study that the users in order to satisfy them.
51.06% of students face the problem while using the
library catalogue and 61.7% ask for help to the teacher
in using the library. 25.53% students rated reading area The following objectives are as follow:
as very good. It is suggested that students need proper 1. To find out frequency and purpose of library visit
orientation for the better use of library resources. On the
other hand, Adeoye & Popoola (2011) emphasized the 2. To identify the resources and services used mainly
effectiveness, availability,accessibility and use of library by the students
and information resources in their study.They have 3. To identify students satisfaction with the library
explained that, for effective learning process, learners overall performance
must have access to necessary information materials
and resources. These resources might be in tangible Scope and Limitation of the Study
and intangible i.e., (printed and electronic) format. This study is restricted to the students’ use of
Further, they expressed that librarian is responsible library resources and services. However the scope
for providing the right information to the right person of this research work would be limited to Mahila
at the right time. Regarding the accessibility of library Mahavidhyalaya, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. This
resources, the authors added that the more accessibility research study is concluded within the outline of the
of information sources that require the least effort to stated objectives. Due to some constraints i.e. time
access. Users may encounter with five possible types and financial issues, the researchers have decided
of in accessibility i.e., conceptual, linguistic, critical, to limit it within the Mahavidhyalaya only. In later
bibliographic, and physical. Whereas, Olofinsawe & study researchers have decided to carry out such
Oyeniyi (2010) confirmed that academic libraries have study among constituency colleges of Banaras Hindu
to build strong collection of information resources in University, Varanasi.
print as well as digital format to serve information needs
Methodology of the Study
of their users. As a result, it is necessary to take into
consideration the information needs of the post graduate Questionnaire was used as the main instrument for data
students when planning in any university library. Hence collection. A set of 150 questionnaires were randomly
this study aims to provide an approaching in this area. distributed by the investigatorsamong the students in
Rasul & Singh (2010) stated that there are insufficient MahilaMahavidhyalaya, BHU during working hours. 133
literatures on the needs of the postgraduate students, questionnaires were returned, representing (88.66%)
however they form a significant group of researchers in response rate. The collected data were analyzed
a university. In addition, they noticed that how the post using descriptive statistics of frequency count and

percentages and the result is presented in table forms. a week, 23 (17.29%) weekly and 11(8.27%) as and
when needed. On the other side 9(6.77%) monthly
Results and Discussion
and 7(5.26%) fortnightly. This implied that maximum
Table.1 Demographic Profiles of Respondents numbers of students visit library daily 47(35.34%)
followed by twice or thrice a week 36(27.07%) and
Characteristics Category Frequency % weekly 23(17.29%).
(N=133)
Purpose of Library Visits
Sex Female 133 100
Table.3 Purpose of library visits
16-20 73 54.89
21-25 57 42.86 Purpose Frequency %
Age
26-30 3 2.26 To study 53 20.38
Total 133 100 To issue & return the books 41 15.77
Under 85 63.91 to consult reference books 31 11.92

graduate To read newspapers/ magazines 25 9.62
Post 39 29.32
Education Level graduate To get reference service 27 10.38
PhD. 9 6.77 To access electronic resources 38 14.62
Total 133 100 To complete class assignments 15 5.77
Table.1 shows the demographic profiles of respondents To prepare for next class 17 6.54
with number and percentage. The findings show that Photocopy 13 5
100% respondents were female. The table demonstrated
that the more than (50%) of the respondents were age Total 260 100
ranges between 16-20 age group 73(54.89%) followed Table.3 reveals that the purpose of using library by the
by 21-25 age group 57(42.86%) and 26-30 age group respondents. The finding show that 53(20.38%) of the
3(2.26%). Further above table.1 indicates education respondents visit library to study, to issue and return
level of respondents that Under-graduates 85(63.91%) the books 41(15.77%), to access electronic resources
while Post-graduates 39(29.32%) and PhD 9(6.77%). 38(14.62%) to consult reference books 31(11.92%)
The findings of study also pointed out that more than the and to get reference service 28(10.38%). Whereas, to
50% respondents were from the age ranges between read newspapers/magazines 25(9.62%) followed by
16-20 age group 73(54.89%) whereas, majority of to prepare for next class 17(6.54%), to complete class
respondents education level were Under-graduate assignment 15(5.77%) and photocopying 13(5%). From
85(63.91%). the findings it seems that the purpose of library visits
Frequency of Library Visits by the students for various reasons. Students visit
library mostly to study 53(20.38%), to issue and return
Table.2 Frequency of Visits the books 41(15.77%), to access electronic resources
38(14.62%) and to consult reference books 31(11.92%).
Library visit Frequency %
Library Resources Used by the Students
Daily 47 35.34
Table.4 Library Resources
Weekly 23 17.29
Twice or thrice a week 36 27.07 Resources Frequency %
Fortnightly 7 5.26 Books 75 31.38
Monthly 9 6.77 Reference materials 59 24.69
As and when needed 11 8.27 Periodicals 47 19.67
Total 133 100 Newspapers/Magazines 20 8.37
Table.2 shows frequency of library visit by the Students Electronic resources 38 15.90
and their frequency and percentage.47(35.34%) of the Total 239 100
respondents agreed that they visit library daily, while
36(27.07%) stated they visit library twice or thrice Library resources regularly used by the respondents

are presented in Table.4. The findings showed that use
Services Frequency %
of books 75(31.38%), reference materials 59(24.69%)
while 47(19.67%) of the respondents confirmed that they Inter library loan 2 0.98
used periodicals and electronic resources 38(15.90%).
Current awareness service 11 5.37
The findings reveal that books 75(31.38%), reference
materials 59(24.69%) and periodicals 47(19.67%) were Selective dissemination service 5 2.44
the frequently used library resources by the students.
Document delivery service 11 5.37
Library Services availed by the Students
Photocopying 21 10.24
Table.5 Library Services
Total 205 100
Services Frequency %
Table.5 shows library services availed by the students.
Issue/Return 53 25.85 It is clear from the above findings that majority of the
respondents 53(25.85%) expressed that they take
Reservation 19 9.27
maximum benefits of issue and return service followed
Reference & information 33 16.10 by reference & information service 33(16.10%), while
32(15.61%) shows they use document searching
Bibliographical information 18 8.78 service. It is conclude that majority of the students are
Document searching 32 15.61 getting benefits of issue/return service 53(25.85%)
followed by others.
Library Overall Performance measured by the Students
Table.6 Library Overall Performance
Facility Excellent Good Poor Total (%)

Physical facilities 52 (39.10%) 73 (54.89%) 8 (6.02%) 133 (100%)
Collection 69 (51.88%) 48 (36.09%) 16 (12.03%) 133 (100%)
Library catalogue 49 (36.84%) 63 (47.37%) 21 (15.79%) 133 (100%)
Shelf arrangement 65 (48.87%) 43 (32.33%) 25 (18.80%) 133 (100%)
Library Services 69 (51.88%) 59 (44.36%) 5 (3.76%) 133 (100%)
Computer facilities 47 (35.34%) 51 (38.35%) 35 (26.32%) 133 (100%)
Attitude of staff 60 (45.11%) 52 (39.10%) 21 (15.79%) 133 (100%)
Library environment 57 (42.86%) 67 (50.38%) 9 (6.77%) 133 (100%)
Competency of staff 43 (32.33%) 70 (52.63%) 20 (15.04%) 133 (100%)
Note: (The library overall performance was measured with the help of likert three
Points scale: Excellent, Good & Poor). The findings of study confirmed that more than
the 50% of respondents were from the age ranges
Table.6 indicates the library’s overall performance in
between 16-20 age group 73(54.89%) whereas,
three pints scale with their percentage. 73(54.89%)
85(63.91%) majority of respondents education
respondents expressed that the physical facilities of
level were Under-graduate.
the MMV library is good, 69(51.88%) indicated that the
library collection is good, 63(47.37%) said that the library This implied that maximum numbers of students
catalogue is good, while 65(48.87%) shows that they visit library daily 47(35.34%) followed by twice or
found shelf arrangement, 69(51.88%) library services thrice a week 36(27.07%) and weekly 23(17.29%).
and 60(45.11%) attitude of library staff excellent. The
Students visit library mostly to study 53(20.38%), to
findings of the MahilaMahaVidhyalaya, BHU revealed
issue and return the books 41(15.77%), to access
that library’s overall performance is excellent as per
electronic resources 38(14.62%) and to consult
their library users’ opinions.
reference books 31(11.92%).
Major Findings
The findings reveal that frequently used library

resources by the students are books 75(31.38%), Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.uni.edu/
reference materials 59(24.69%) and periodicals libphi/prac/153.
47(19.67%) were the frequently used library
6. MahilaMahaVidhyalaya, BHU Retrieved at: http://
resources by the students.
www.bhu.ac.in/mmv/.
It is concluded that majority 53(25.85%) of the
7. Olofinsawe, A. A. &Oyeniyi, D. A. (2010). Students
students are getting benefits of issue/return service
use of the school libraries: a case study of Federal
followed by others.
University of Technology Akure, Ondo State,
The findings of the MahilaMahaVidhyalaya, Nigeria. Owena, J. Lib. Inform. Sci, 3, 65-72.
BHU revealed that library overall performance is
8. Owusu-Acheaw, M. & Larson, Agatha Gifty (2014).
excellent as per users’ opinions.
Effective Use of Library Resources: A Case Study
Conclusion of Business Students of Koforidua Polytechnic,
Ghana. Information and Knowledge Management,
Library is regarded as the heart of all institution
4(12), 221-228.
including college education. The college library plays
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10. Oyewusi, F. O., &Oyeboade, S. A. (2009). An
daily. The findings also indicate that the students’ use
empirical study of accessibility and use of library
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resources by undergraduates in a Nigerian state
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4. Gurikar, R. R., &Gurikar, R. (2015). Use of Library
Resources and Services by Karanatak University 14. Singh, M., &Arora, A. K. (2015). Library resources
Research Scholars: A Case Study. DESIDOC and services in the selected university libraries of
Journal of Library & Information Technology, 35(5). Haryana, India. DESIDOC Journal of Library &
Information Technology, 35(1).
5. Igun S.E., Adogbeji O.B. (2007). “Study habits
of postgraduate students in selected Nigerian
Universities, Library Philosophy and Practice.

Research Productivity of Himalayan
Environment Scientists: A Case Study of G.B.
Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment
and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora,
Uttarakhand, India
Mritunjay Anand
Assistant Librarian,
Indian Institute of Technology, Patna,
anand.m1512@gmail.com
Abstract
The paper analyses 14030 publications of the scientists of the G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and
Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India. Chronological distribution of publications during 1989 –
2008 has been carried out. Annual growth rate percentage has been calculated by subtracting the previous year data
from current year data, divided by previous year data and multiplied by 100. Form-wise distribution of productivity of
scientists has been derived. Ranking of journals preferred for publishing by the scientists has been drawn.
Key Words : Research Productivity, Himalayan Environment Scientists, G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment
and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
Introduction iii) To know the journals preferred for publishing

articles by the Institute scientists.
The Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Himalayan
Environment and Development, Kosi, Almora, the study Literature Review
sample, was established as an autonomous organization
There are only few scientometric publications in
of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government
Himalayan research and development. Among them
of India in August, 1988 to enhance the knowledge for
Gupta and Gupta [1] analysed 9909 global and
involving effective strategies for management of natural
4862 Indian Himalayan research and development
resources and sustainable development in the Indian
publications. Sivasekaran and Srinivasaragava [2]
Himalayas’ region. ‘Scientific productivity’ is frequently
examined 3841 global publications in Himalayan R&D.
measured in terms of published output. This is because
the data on the number of publications by the authors can Materials and Methods for the Study
easily be collected and are also quite reliable. Scientists
It is an attempt to make a quantitative analysis of
and their subordinates of the G.B. Pant Institute have
output of research works carried out by the Himalayan
been doing research works since 1989, the inception
environment scientists of The G.B. Pant Institute. A
year of the Institute. They have contributed articles on
total of 1430 publications by the scientists of The G.B.
Indian Himalayan environment which were published in
Pant Institute during the period 1989 to 2008 as per the
various News Letters, journals, Bulletins, Magazines,
entries of publications included in the Institute’s Annual
etc. Their publications have been analyzed to find their
Reports [3] formed the basic material for the present
publication pattern.
literature growth study.
Analysis of Data
The specific objectives of the study are as follows:
1. Growth Rate of the Publications : The
i) To know the growth of published literature of the Chronological distribution of publications during
Institute scientists; 1989-2008 (Twenty Years) has been shown in the
following table:
ii) To know the preference of channels of
communication by the Institute scientists;
Table – 1: Chronological Distribution of Publications during 1989-2008 (Twenty years).
Year Output Cumulative Output Percentage Cumulative

Percentage
1989 11 11 0.76 0.76

Year Output Cumulative Output Percentage Cumulative
Percentage
1990 8 19 0.55 1.31
1991 14 33 0.97 2.28
1992 22 55 1.53 3.81
1993 47 102 3.28 7.09
1994 88 190 6.15 13.24
1995 63 253 4.40 17.64
1996 93 346 6.50 24.14
1997 96 442 6.71 30.85
1998 99 541 6.92 37.77
1999 49 590 3.42 41.19
2000 82 672 5.73 46.92
2001 65 737 4.54 51.46
2002 114 851 7.97 59.43
2003 97 948 6.78 66.21
2004 97 1045 6.78 72.99
2005 88 1133 6.15 79.14
2006 98 1231 6.85 85.99
2007 109 1340 7.62 93.61
2008 90 1430 6.29 99.90
The Table – 1 displays the year-wise distribution of total depicts that on an average in the decade 1989-1998,
research output of the Institute scientists right from there were 54 papers per year as compared to 89
inception of the Institute (1989) to 2008. A total of 1430 per year during the decade 1999-2008. The highest
research publications have been found as per scanning numbers of papers were published in the year 2002
of the annual reports of the Institute from 1989 to 2008. (114 papers).
It is pertinent to mention here that Gupta and Gupta [1]
The study reveals that during the period of 20 years
recorded 289 total papers of the scientists of the G.B.
publication output of the Institute scientists rose
Pant Institute scanning the database of SCOPUS for
significantly. In the first decade the publication grown
the period from 2004 to 2013 and isolated second rank
by nine (9) times from 11 papers in 1989 to 99 in
to the G.B. Pant Institute out of the total (4867) Indian
1998. In the second decade the publication grown with
publication on Himalayan R &D by 30 most productive
fluctuating growth.
Indian organizations in Himalayan R & D. It is observed
that the output of publications of the Institute Scientists The study also reveals that the number of papers
has grown steadily during the period of study from 11 in produced each year varies widely. No definite inference
1989 to 90 in 2008. The overall increase in the number can be drawn from such variation. The minimum number
of papers published each year reflects the increasing of papers during the early years, however, can definitely
Research and Development efforts. be correlated with a very small number of research
workers and activities relating to preparatory phase of
It was revealed from the decade-wise study (Table – 1)
research work and establishment of infrastructure which
that maximum number of research papers published in
is natural for any organization. As many as 114 papers
a year (during the first decade 1989-98) was 99 in the
in the year 2002 of the study only can be correlated
year 1998. During the second decade (1999-2008) the
with overall increase in research activities and number
publication figured 114 in the year 2002 which is the
of researchers.
maximum number of publications in a year.
2 Annual Growth Rate : The trend of annual
The total number of research publications of Institute
growth rate and average growth rate of papers
Scientists was 541 at the end of the first decade and
published during 1989 to 2008 by the researchers
1430 at the end of the second decade. In the second
of the Institute is revealed from Table – 2.
decade total publication figured (1430-541 = 889). It

Table – 2 : Growth Rate of Publications of Year Record Count Annual Growth
Scientists. Rate (%)
Year Record Count Annual Growth Total of 2nd 889 5.24 (Average of
Rate (%) decade 2nd decade)
1989 11 2
Grand total 1430 G. Average 19.28
1990 8 -27.27
1991 14 75 It is evident that the annual growth rate varies from
year to year resulting both negative and positive rates.
1992 22 57.14
The annual growth rate percentage has been derived
1993 47 113.63 by subtracting the previous year data from current year
1994 88 87.23 data, divided by previous year data and multiplied by
100. The analysis revealed that annual growth rate
1995 63 -28.40 ranges from 50.50% to 75.38% during the 2nd decade
1996 93 47.61 (1999-2008). In the first decade the annual growth rate
ranges from -28.40 to 113.63. Overall average growth
1997 96 3.22
rate comes to 19.28 which may not be said high growth
1998 99 3.12 rate. At the end of the first decade (1998) the annual
Total of 1st 541 33.32 (Average of growth rate found to be 3.12% and at the end of the
decade 1st decade) second decade the annual growth rate figured 17.43%.
The highest annual growth rate during the first decade
1999 49 -50.50 (1989-98) has been 113.63 in the year 1993. During
2000 82 67.34 the second decade the highest annual growth rate has
been 75.38 in the year 2002. The average growth rate
2001 65 -20.73
for the first decade comes to 33.32% while the average
2002 114 75.38 growth rate for the second decade figures 5.24% only.
2003 97 -14.91 It is evident that the average growth rate percentage of
the first decade is higher than the second decade.
2004 97 0.0
3. Preference of Channels of Communications:
2005 88 -9.27 Publication in various forms is considered as a
2006 98 11.36 process of information transfer. Distribution of a
total of 1430 publications of the Institute scientists
2007 109 11.22
during 1989-2008 in types of documents is depicted
2008 90 -17.43 in Table – 3.
Table – 3: Form-wise Distribution of Research Productivity of Scientists.
Year Journal Conference Chapter in Authored/ Newsletter Total

Article Paper books Edited / Bulletin
Booklets/ Articles
Monographs
Bulletin
Reports
1989 04 05 02 00 00 11
1990 06 01 01 00 00 08
1991 06 03 03 00 02 14
1992 09 03 06 03 01 22
1993 18 04 14 03 08 47
1994 21 03 21 06 37 88
1995 17 05 08 04 29 63
1996 37 08 24 06 18 93

1997 44 04 23 07 18 96
1998 28 05 54 07 05 99
Decade 190 41 156 36 118 541
Total (31.25%) (39.42%) (46.01%) (38.29%) (41.40%) (37.83%)
1999 22 08 02 07 10 49
2000 45 06 20 06 05 82
2001 34 06 15 02 08 65
2002 53 11 37 11 02 114
2003 48 06 23 04 16 97
2004 42 01 24 05 25 97
2005 44 10 16 03 15 88
2006 38 05 23 05 27 98
2007 49 07 10 12 31 109
2008 43 03 13 03 28 90
Decade 418 63 183 58 167 889
Total (68.75%) (60.57%) (53.98%) (61.70%) (58.59%) (62.16%)
Grand 608 104 339 94 285 1430
Total (42.51%) (7.27%) (23.70%) (6.57%) (19.93%) (100%)
Scientists’ publications were spread over variety of Journal articles, conference papers, book chapters,
information transfer media, scientific journals (608) authored/edited books, newsletters and bulletin articles
(42.51%), Conference papers (104) (7.27%), Chapters increased with the growth and development of the
in Books (339) (23.70%), Authored/Edited Books Institute. The percentage of the first decade (1989-98)
or Monographs (94) (6.57%), Newsletters/ Bulletins and 2nd decade (1999-2008) of the Institute for journal
light articles (285) (19.93%). Thus the publication articles is 31.25% and 68.75%; for conference paper
productivity of scientists of the Institute were spread 39.42% and 60.57%; for book chapters 46.01 and
over variety of channels. Scientific journals appear to be 53.98%, for authored/edited books 38.29% & 61.70%
the most preferred channel for information transfer. The and for Newsletter/Bulletin articles is 41.40% & 58.59%
ratio between the journal and conference papers was respectively. Overall output of 1st and 2nd decades in
found to be 6:1. It indicates that the conference is the percentage figured 37.83% and 62.16% respectively.
secondary preferred channel for the Institute Scientists.
4 Journals Preferred for Publications : A total
It can be explained by the general view that conference
of 608 papers are published in 215 journals. The
routes are easily available for information transfer,
study was carried out to find out the core journals
as the journal articles go through the rigorous editor-
preferred by the scientists of the Institute. The
referee system to ensure quality. In spite of the fact the
journal publishing maximum number of papers in
Institute scientists’ most preferred channel is scientific
any area is considered a core journal. The journals
journals. It can be inferred that the Institute scientists
having a minimum of five papers have been
believe in quality production.
considered for analysis in the study.
Decade-wise analysis reveals that the number of
Table – 4: Journals Preferred for Publishing Articles by the Scientists.
Sl. Rank Journal Title Country of Year of No. of Percentage Cumulated

No. Publication inception Articles Percentage
01. 1 Current Science India 1932 50 8.22 8.22
02. 2 International Journal of U.K. 1994 25 4.11 12.33
Sustainable Development
and World Ecology
03. 3 Indian Journal of Forestry India 1978 20 3.28 15.61

04. 4 Indian Forester India 1875 15 2.46 18.07
05. Journal of Hill Research India 1987 15 2.46 20.53
06. Man in India India 1921 15 2.46 22.99
07. Physiology and Molecular India 1921 15 2.46 25.45
Biology of Plants
08. 5 International Journal of India 1974 12 1.97 27.42
Ecology and Environmental
Sciences
09. 6 Environmental U.K. 1974 10 1.64 29.06
Conservation
10. Indian Journal of Traditional India 10 1.64 30.70
knowledge
11. Journal of Human Ecology India 1990 10 1.64 32.34
12. Journal of Mountain China 2004 10 1.64 33.98
Science
13. Journal of Sustainable USA 1993 10 1.64 35.62
Forestry
14. Mountain Research and USA 1981 10 1.64 37.26
Development
15. 7 Agro-forestry System Netherland 1982 7 1.15 38.41
16. International Journal of India 2001 7 1.15 39.56
Biodiversity, Science and
Management
17. International Journal of Tea India 2001 7 1.15 40.71
Science
18. Microbiological Research Germany 1895 7 1.15 41.86
19. Seed Science and Switzerland 1973 7 1.15 43.01
Technology
20. 8 Economic Botany USA 1947 6 0.98 43.99
21. Journal of Horticulture England 1919 6 0.98 44.97
Science and Biotechnology
22. Journal of Plant Biology Korea 1958 6 0.98 45.95
23. Journal of Sustainable USA 1990 6 0.98 46.93
Agriculture
24. Plant Cell Reports Berlin 1981 6 0.98 47.91
25. 9 AMBIO Sweden 1972 5 0.82 48.73
26. Annals of Botany U.K. 1889 5 0.82 49.55
27. Biological Conservation U.K. 1968 5 0.82 50.37
28. The Environmentalist Netherland 1980 5 0.82 51.19
29. Forest, Ecology and Netherland 1978 5 0.82 52.01
Management
30. International Tree Crop Australia 1989 5 0.82
Journal
31. Journal of Rural India 1967 5 0.82 53.65
Development (Hyderabad)

32. Journal of Tropical Forest Malaysia 1988 5 0.82 54.47
Science
33. Journal of Tropical Malaysia 2000 5 0.82 55.29
Medicinal Plants
Note: Total number of Journal articles – 608.
Table – 4 shows the ranking of journals according to References

preferences for publication by the Scientists of the
1. Annual Report. G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan
Institute during 1989 to 2008. It presents a ranking of
Environment and Development, Kosi, Almora.
the thirty-three most productive journals by the number
1989 – 1990 to 2006 – 2007.
of articles published. ‘Current Science’ occupied the top
position with 50 articles. Second in rank is ‘International 2. Gupta, Brij Mohan and Gupta, Ritu. A Scientometric
Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology’. Assessment of Indian Himalayan R&D publication
‘Indian Journal of Forestry’ occupied the third position. during 2004 – 2013. Library Philosophy and Practice
Four journals have got fourth position each having fifteen (e-journal) paper 1203. http://digitalcommons.unl.
articles. Fifth position is got by ‘International Journal of edu/libphilprac/1203.
Ecology and Environmental Sciences’. Next six journals
3. Sivasekaran, K. and Srinivasaragava, S (2013).
are at the 6th rank each getting ten articles. Seventh
Mapping of research publications on Himalayas:
rank is occupied by five journals. Eighth position is got
A scientometric exploration. IJSR – International
to five journals each having six articles. Nine journals
Journal of Scientific Research. August 2013, 2(8),
are at ninth rank each having five articles.
222 – 224.
It is pertinent to mention here that the finding of the study
of Gupta and Gupta [1] also isolates the journal Current
Science being first in rank out of the 20 most productive
journal media of Indian publications in Himalayan R & D
during 2004 to 2013.
Conclusions
The average publication of scientists scores 71.5 per
year. Average growth rate in the first decade scores
33.12% and 5.24% in the second decade. Annual
growth rate varies from year to year. Scientists preferred
journals 42.5%, conference papers 7.27%, chapter
in books 23.70%, authored/edited books 6.57%,
Newsletter/bulletins, light articles 19.93% as channel of
communications. A total of 608 papers were published
in 215 journals. The journal Current Science occupied
the top position with 7.98% publications.

Awareness and use of Whatsapp among
Participants of the LIS Refresher Course in UGC
– HRDC M.D.S UNIVERSITY, Ajmer
Rahul B. Khandare Prashant S. Shirsat
Librarian, Librarian
Sardar Vallabhabhai Patel Arts & Science College, Shri. K. N. G. Arts & Commerce College Karanja,
Ainpur, Tal. Raver, Dist. Jalgaon (Maharashtra) Dist. Washim (Maharashtra), India
rahulkhandare39@yahoo.in E-mail – prashantshirsat03@gmail.com
Sandip B. Khandare
Research Scholar
DLIS, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University,
Aurangabad (Maharashtra), India
E-mail – sandipkhandare89@gmail.com
Abstract
Present paper focused on awareness and use of Whatsapp among participants of the LIS refresher course organized
by UGC – HRDC MaharshiDayanandSaraswati University, Ajmer. Its includes experience, frequency, purpose of
Whatsapp use, use of Whatsappresearch work, effect of Whatsapp at working place, influence of Whatsapp usage
on academic efficiency, satisfaction with the Whatsapp, advantagesof Whatsapp Messenger.Out of 41 (100%)
participants 28 (68.29%) were using Whatsapp.
Key Words : Social Networking Sites, Whatsapp, LIS Professionals, Refresher Course, UGC – HRDC
MaharshiDayanandSaraswati University, Ajmer
Introduction encrypted instant messaging client for smartphones.

It uses the Internet to make voice calls, video calls;
We are living in digital world, using I-Phone, smartphone,
send text messages, documents, PDF files, images,
computers, and tablets are connected through social
GIF, videos, user location, audio files, phone contacts
media like Whatsapp, Facebook, YouTube, andTwitter,
and voice notes to other users using standard cellular
etc. A social network service comprises a representation
mobile numbers. Whatsapp Inc., based in Mountain
user’s profile, with someadditional services. It is a web-
View, California, was acquired by Facebook in February
based service that permits people to create a public
2014. In February 2016, Whatsapphad a user base of
profile, list ofusers for sharing connection, viewing and
over one billion, making it the most popular messaging
crossing the connections in the system (Nadh, 2016).
application at the time.
These SNS tools and services enable users to connect,
contribute, share and get feedbacks of their posts. Objectives of the Study
Though, different SNS tools and services different each
The present study has been carried out with following
other but most common thing in these SNS tools and
objectives:
services is to provide platforms to connect, contribute,
collaborate post and get reflections for their inputs free To examine the period of using WhatsApp;
of cost (Kaushik, 2016). The social networking sites
To find out frequency of using Whatsapp;
work towards theprocess of relationship building among
a group ofpeople (Jagannara, Shivaraman&Nagaraja, To identify the purpose of using Whatsapp;
2015).Today, imply click of a button offers users and To evaluate for what purposes the LIS professionals
possibility to communicate virtually freely via plentiful are using WhatsApp;
messaging platforms throughWhatsapp messenger
to exchange their knowledge with other users across To study for what research purposes the LIS
the world. Whatsapp messenger offers free texting professionals are using WhatsApp;
and try to shift mobile consumers’ preference from To examine the level of satisfaction with the mobile
the conventional short messages service (Tawiah, app, Whatsapp;
Nondzor&Alhaji, 2014).
To ascertain the advantages of Whatsapp
Brief about Whatsapp
Scope & Limitations of Study
WhatsappMessenger is a proprietary, cross-platform,

The scope of the present study is limited to 41LIS Table – 1:Use of Whatsapp
professionals came from across India (Maharashtra,
Telangana, Haryana, Punjab, Gujarat, Madhya Sr. Use No. of Percentage
Pradesh, Kerala, Arunachal Pradesh, Orissa, Uttar No. respondents (%)
Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Rajasthan) and participated 1 Yes 28 100
of the LIS Refresher Course organized by UGC – HRDC
MaharshiDayanandSaraswati University, Ajmer held 2 No - -
in month of November and December 2016. Out of 41 Total 28 100
(100%) Library and Formation Science Professionals
28 (68.29%) has given response and 13 (31.71%) not A question was asked to know the usage of Whatsapp
given response. among the respondents. It can be observed from table
1that out of the 28 all the respondents specified they are
Statement of the Research Problem familiar with Whatsapp mobile app.
The problem under investigation is “Awareness and use Table – 2 : Experience of Whatsapp Use
of Whatsapp among Participants of the LIS Refresher
Course in UGC – HRDC MaharshiDayanandSaraswati Sr. Experience No. of Percentage
University, Ajmer”. No. respondents (%)
Methodology
Since its
Survey method used for the study. The structured 1 07 25.00
introduction
questionnaire was design for the study. The online
questionnaire was send to the LIS professional’smobile Less than 1
Whatsapp account. The collected data and information 2 02 07.14
year
analyzed by applying statistical method and certain
techniques of research methodology. 3 1-2 Years 04 14.29
Data Analysis 4 2-3 Years 05 17.86

The data collected using questionnaires for analysis. More than 3
5 10 35.71
Percentage method is used to derive findings. The Years
following tables and figures show the responses of the
participants relating to the problem under study. Total 28 100
Experience of Whatsapp use

40 35.71
35
30 25
25
17.86
20 14.29
15
7.14
10
0
Since its introduction Less than 1 year 1-2 Years 2-3 Years More than 3 Years
Figure – 1: Experience of Whatsapp use

It is clear from table 2and figure 1 that majority 10 Table – 4 Purpose of Whatsapp Use
(35.71%) of the respondents have more than 3 year
experience in the use of Whatsapp, followed by 07 (25%) Sr. Purpose No. of Percentage
are using since its introduction,05(17.86%) respondents No. respondents (%)
have 2 to 3 year, 04 (14.29%) of respondents have 1 to
2 year experience in the use of Whatsapp. 02 (07.14%) 1 Academic Work 18 64.29
using its from less than one year.
2 Entertainment 18 64.29
Table – 3 : Frequency of Whatsapp Use
To get General
3 16 57.14
Sr. Frequency No. of Percentage Information
No. respondents (%)
Stay in touch
4 10 35.71
1 Always online 04 14.29 with friends
Many times a Getting current
2 17 60.71 5 17 60.71
day news
3 Once in a day 07 25.00 Chatting with
6 08 28.57
family members
4 Weekly - -
To share audio,
5 Occasionally - -
7 videos, images, 14 50.00
Total 28 100 etc.
It is depicted from table 3 thatmajority 17 (60.71%) To share MS-
respondents use Whatsappmany times in a day. Word, Excel,
8 13 46.43
Followed by 07 (25%) respondents use Whatsappat PowerPoint,
least once a day, whereas, 04 (14.29%) respondents PDF files
say that they are use always online. Nobody use
Keep up to date
Whatsapp weekly or occasionally. This shows that LIS 9 17 60.71
information
professionals are active in using of Whatsapp.
Purpose of Whatsapp use

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
...
t
ds
rs
n
k
e..
en
ew
r
io
io
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ar
at
at
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ic
nt
ar
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r
ta
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ith
m
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sh
de
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in
te
ily
w
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ch
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ng
fa
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ne
to
tti
ith
to
Ge
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in
up
t
ay
ge
g
tin
ep
St
To
at
Ke
Ch
Figure – 2: Purpose of Whatsapp use

Table 5 and figure 2 shows that majority 18 (64.29%) of Sr. Use No. of Percentage
the respondents use Whatsappfor research work and No. respondents (%)
entertainment, respectively. Followed bygetting current
news and keep up to date information17 (60.71%),
respectively, to get general information 16 (57.14%), To Sharing
share audio, videos, images, etc. 14 (50%),to share MS- research related
4 02 07.14
Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF files 13 (46.43%), Stay audio files, video
in touch with friends 10 (35.71%) and 08 (28.57%) of files
them used Whatsapp for chatting with family members.
Sharing
Table – 5:Use of WhatsApp for research work research related
5 10 35.71
information with
Sr. Use No. of Percentage friends/ Group
No. respondents (%)
Stay in touch
Participate in with research
group discussion 6 10 35.71
1 15 53.57 scholars/
about research research guide
work
Sending
research related Professional
2 06 21.43 7 09 32.14
photos without interaction
scanning
Sharing useful
information
3 about workshop/ 12 42.86 Sharing useful
8 04 14.29
conferences/ websites links
seminars
Use of Whatsapp for research work
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
...
..
...
..
...
...
ks
n.
p.
tio
ed
ed
ed
ch
lin
ou
io
ar
at
at
at
c
at
es
ra
gr
se
l
l
re
re
re
rm
te
sit
re
n
ch
in
ei
fo
b
rc
rc
ith
we
ea
l
in
at
na
ea
ea
w
cip
ul
ul
sio
s
s
re
h
re
re
ef
ef
r ti
uc
g
es
us
us
in
Pa
to
in
in
of
g
nd
g
ar
ar
Pr
in
in
in
Se
Sh
Sh
ar
ar
ay
Sh
Sh
St
Figure – 3: Use of Whatsapp for research work

A question was asked about the research purpose for It is clear from table 7 that out of 28 respondents, 15
which Whatsapp is used. It can be observed from table (53.57%) of respondents were highlysatisfied with
5 and figure 3 that maximum 15 (53.57%) respondents Whatsapp,followed by 12 (42.86%) were satisfied and
use it to participate in group discussion about research only 01 (03.57%) weredissatisfied. there is no any
work, followed by 12 (42.86%) using Whatsapp respondents who has shown the neutral and highly
for sharing useful information about workshop/ dissatisfied, respectively.
conferences/seminars, 10 (35.71%) respondents use
Table – 8 Advantages of using Whatsapp
it for sharing research related information with friends/
Messenger
group and stay in touch with research scholars/research
guide, respectively, 09 (32.14%) respondents use for Sr. Advantages No. of Percentage
professional interaction, 04 (14.29%) use it for sharing No. respondents (%)
useful websites link and 02 (07.14%) use it for Sharing
1 User friendly 22 78.57
research related audio files, video files.
interface
Table – 6:Effect of Whatsapp at working place 2 Groups chatting 24 85.71
Sr. Effect No. of Percentage 3 Speed 15 53.57
No. respondents (%) 4 Cross- 17 60.71
compatibility
1 Positive 18 64.29 (apple, android,
2 Negative 10 35.71 blackberry’s,
windows
Total 28 100 phone)
5 It is free of 20 71.43
Effect of Whatsapp at working place charge (no
extra cost to
message).
6 It is convenient 26 92.86
Negative and user
Positive
36% friendly (e.g.,
64% sharing
multimedia like
files, videos and
photos easily).
7 I can 24 85.71
communicate
instantly even
Figure – 4: Effect of Whatsapp at working place with a group
It is depicted from table 6 and figure 4 that 18 (64.29%) of people at
of the respondents stated the use of Whatsapp has any time at
morepositive effect on their working hours and only 10 anywhere
(35.71%) said it has negative effect on their working 8 I can express 05 17.86
hours. my feeling
Table – 7 Satisfactions with the Whatsapp through emoji
without seeing
Sr. No. of Percentage each other.
Satisfaction
No. respondents (%) It can be seen from table 8 that out of 28 respondents,
1 Highly satisfied 15 53.57 26 (92.86%) of respondents reported Whatsapp is
2 Satisfied 12 42.86 convenient and user friendly (e.g., sharing multimedia like
files, videos and photos easily), followed by 24 (85.71%)
3 Neutral - - felt that Whatsapp is important for ‘groups chatting’
4 Dissatisfied 01 03.57 and with the help of Whatsapp ‘I can communicate
Highly instantly even with a group of people at any time at
5 - - anywhere’, respectively. Whereas 22 (78.57%) stated
dissatisfied
that ‘user friendly interface’, 20 (71.43%) It is free of
Total 28 10 charge (no extra cost to message), 17 (60.71%) Cross-

compatibility (apple, android, blackberry’s, windows 3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WhatsApp. Online
phone), 15 (53.57%) speed and 05 (17.86%) reported retrieved on 11 December 2016.
‘I can express my feeling through emoji without seeing
4. Jagannara, Sithi, Shivaraman, P. &Nagaraja, S.
each other’.
(2015). Utilization pattern of Social Networking
Major Findings and Conclusion Sites including Library Blog by Undergraduate
students of Veterinary College and Research
Out of 41 respondents 28 were familiar with
Institutes, Namakkal: A Study. Journal of Advances
Whatsapp mobile app.
in Library and Information Science, 4(1), 67-72.
It was found that majority 10 (35.71%) of the
5. Kaushik, Anna (2016). Use of Social Networking
respondents have more than 3 year experience in
Sites Tools and Services by LIS Professionals for
the use of Whatsapp.
Libraries: A Survey. DESIDOC Journal of Library &
It is depicted that majority 17 (60.71%) respondents Information Technology, 36(5), 284-290.
use Whatsapp many times in a day.
6. Kenchakkanavar, Anand Y. &Hadagali, Gururaj S.
It is observed that majority 18 (64.29%) of the (2015). Use of WhatsApp among the Research
respondents use Whatsapp for research work and Scholars of Karnatak University, Dharwad: A
entertainment, respectively. study. International Research: Journal of Library &
It can be observed that maximum 15 (53.57%) Information Science, 5(3), 548-561.
respondents use it to participate in group discussion 7. Nadh, Raghu (2016). Use of Social Networking
about research work. Tool by the Students of MNR Medical College,
Maximum 18 (64.29%) of the respondents stated Sagareddy, Telangana State. International Journal
that the use of Whatsapp has more positive effect of Library and Information Studies, 6(3), 44-54.
on their working hours. 8. Shambare, R. (2014). The Adoption of WhatsApp:
It is observed that 15 (53.57%) of respondents Breaking the Vicious Cycle of Technological
were highly satisfied with Whatsapp. Poverty in South Africa. Journal of Economics and
Behavioral Studies, 6(7), 542-550.
It is found that 26 (92.86%) of respondents reported
Whatsapp is convenient and user friendly (e.g., 9. Shanmugapriya, S. &Priya, A. (2016). A study
sharing multimedia like files, videos and photos on Impact of using Whatsapp on reduction of
easily). Stress. International Journal of Current Research
and Modern Education (IJCRME), I(II), 66-79.
Acknowledgement http://ijcrme.rdmodernresearch.com/wp-content/
The Authors are thankful to Prof. (Dr.)Ashwini Tiwari, uploads/2015/06/103.pdf. Online retrieved on 15
I/C Head of Library & Information Science Department, September 2016.
MaharshiDayanandSaraswati University, Ajmer 10. Tawiah, Y. S., Nondzor, H. E., &Alhaji, A. (2014).
(Rajasthan) for positive support and encouragement for Usage of WhatsApp and voice calls (phone call):
writing this paper. Preference of polytechnic students in Ghana.
References Science Journal of Business and Management,
2(4), 103-108.
1. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=3114&context=libphilprac Online retrieved 11. Veena, G. &Lokesha, M. (2016). The Effect of
on 10 December 2016. Whatsapp Messenger Usage among Students in
Mangalore University: A Case Study. International
2. https://docs.google.com/forms/ Journal of Library and Information Studies, 6(2),
d/1UAPrcppXiJTfofLF28G6Qd- 121-129.
SmpnMtyrQ6HaCHErW95Y/edit

Use of Library Resources by the Faculty
Members of Private Engineering Colleges:
A Case Study of Odisha
Tapas Kumar Bhuyan Dr Sunil Kumar Satpathy
Research Scholar and Chief Librarian Deputy Librarian
Centurion University of Technology and Management, National Institute of Technology
Parlakhemundi, Odisha G.E./Road, Raipur (C.G) - 492010, India
email id - tapas73@gmail.com e-mail: drsksatpathy@gmail.com
Dr. Anita Patra
Professor, School of Management
Centurion University of Technology and Management,
Parlakhemundi, Odisha
email id - anita@cutm.ac.in
Abstract
Library so also academic library is considered as the trinity of collections, users and staff and among users, faculty
members are most important category who gives guidelines to other categories of users such as students, research
scholars and staff for proper use of library for study and research. The basic objective of the study is to study on the
use of library resources by the faculty members of private engineering colleges of Odisha and is limited to the faculty
members of private engineering colleges of Odisha only. A survey method and questionnaire technique has been
followed for the present study. The study analyses and interprets the collected data according to the scope of the
study. Summarizes the findings of the study .The important findings include that faculty members of these institutions
use their library, they prefer print resources than e-resources and the satisfaction level is average. Concludes with the
remarks that the management of these institutions need to take appropriate measures to built their library collections
,develop infrastructure facilities and provide library services properly by allocating more library budget and required
professional manpower, so that the quality of teaching and education of these institutions will improve to a great
extent.
Key Words : Library resources, Engineering College, BPUT, Odisha.
Introduction of library resources by the faculty members of private
engineering colleges of Odisha .However the other
Library so also academic library is considered as the
objectives of the study are as follows.
trinity of collections, users and staff and among users,
faculty members are most important category who gives To find out the frequency of library visit by the users
guidelines to other categories of users such as students, of private engineering college of Odisha
research scholars and staff for proper use of library for
To determine the basic purpose of library visit
study and research. Hence the responsibilities of faculty
members in building collections of any academic library To identify the major problems encountered by the
cannot be ignored. On the other hand ,it is the duty of users and
the library staff to develop their library collections as
To examine the overall satisfaction level in
per the demands of the faculty members who can also
accessing the library.
judge the requirement of students and create library
facilities and services in such manners that both library Scope and Limitations of the study
collections and services are mostly used by the faculty The scope of the present study includes the use of
members .The use of library resources and services library resources by the faculty members of Private
also motivate the students and research scholars a lot to engineering colleges of Odisha state only. However the
use the library .All these helps in the improvement of the limitations of the study are:
quality of education, teaching and research activities of
an academic institutions. The present study tries to find The study is limited to private engineering college
out the trends of use of library resources by the faculty libraries of Odisha state only and not any other
members of private engineering colleges of Odisha and government/ university libraries of the Odisha
thereby find out remedies for its improvement. State.
Objective of the Study Among various types of users of these private
engineering colleges such as faculty members,
The basic objective of the study is to study on the use
research scholars, student, staff etc, the study is Sl. Name of the No. of Percentage
limited to faculty members only. No. district college (s) (%)
Among various aspects of libraries, the study is 8 Koraput 2 2.13
limited to use of library resources only and not any
other aspects of the library 9 Angul 1 1.06
Methodology Followed 10 Bhadrak 1 1.06

11 Dhenkanal 1 1.06
As per the objectives of the study, survey method
and questionnaire techniques was used to collect 12 Gajapati 1 1.06
data from the respondents i.e. faculty members of 13 Jharsuguda 1 1.06
private engineering colleges of Odisha. Accordingly,
structured questionnaires covering the relevant aspects 14 Mayurbhanj 1 1.06
of the study were distributed among faculty members 15 Puri 1 1.06
which were 423 in numbers through random sampling
method. Out of these, 297 faculty members responded 16 Sambalpur 1 1.06
with the filled in questionnaires (70.21%).With the rate Total 94 100
of response, it was decided to carry out the study. After
collection of questionnaires, data were tabulated and Table-1 gives a overview about the district wise
suitable statistical techniques were applied for analysis distribution of private engineering colleges in Odisha,
and interpretation. which shows that out of 94 private engineering colleges
of Odisha, 59.57% colleges are situated in Khuda
Data Analyss and Interpretation district only followed by Ganjam (8 colleges) and
District wise distribution of engineering colleges Balasore, Cuttack and Rayagada with 5 colleges each.
Further Sundergarh district has 03 colleges and both
The district wise distributions of private affiliated Bargarh and Koraput district have 02 colleges each.
engineering colleges of Odisha are tabulated as below. Again it shows that 8 districts have only one affiliated
Table-1 District wise distribution of engineering private college and rest 14 districts have not a single
college in Odisha affiliated college in their district.
Category of Respondents
Sl. Name of the No. of Percentage
No. district college (s) (%) The respondents were of various categories as per their
designation i.e. Professor, Associate Professor and
1 Khurda 56 59.57
Assistant Professor and have been tabulated in Table-2.
2 Ganjam 8 8.51 It shows that out of 297 respondents who responded with
3 Balasore 5 5.33 the filled in questionnaires,163 respondents(54.88%)
were Asst.professor,90 respondents(30.30%) were
4 Cuttack 5 5.33 Associate Professors and 44(14.82%) were Professors.
5 Rayagada 5 5.33 Further, maximum numbers of respondents were
from Electrical engineering branch( 18.86%) and
6 Sundergarh 3 3.19
minimum numbers of respondents were from Chemical
7 Bargarh 2 2.13 engineering branch.
Table-2 Category of Respondents
Respondents
Branch Associate
Professor Asst. Prof. Total
Professor
Chemical Engineering 7 13 22 42 (14.14%)
Civil Engineering 8 17 21 46 (15.49%)
Computer Sc Engg & IT 4 13 30 47 (15.82%)
Electrical Engineering 12 17 27 56 (18.86%)
Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering 5 19 31 55 (18.52%)
Mechanical Engineering 8 11 32 51 (17.17%)
Grand Total 44 (14.82%) 90 (30.30%) 163 (54.88%) 297 (100%)

requency of library visit Table-4 Average time spend in the library per week
The analysis of Table 3 data reveals the frequency of S. Average time # of Percentage
library visits by the respondents. It shows as high as No respondent (%)
95(31.99%) number of respondents were visiting to the
Less than 5
library twice in a week, followed by 60(20.20%) were 1 108 36.36
hours
visiting the library thrice in a week , 44(14.82%) were
visiting to the library daily and 39(13.13%) were visiting 2 6-10 hours 126 42.43
library once in a week. Further a sizable numbers of
3 11-15 hours 35 11.78
respondents were visiting the library once in a month
(8.75%) and when feel (11.11%). 4 16-20 hours 15 5.05
Table-3 Frequency of library visit 5 21-25 hours 10 3.37
More than 25
6 3 1.01
S. # of Percentage hours
Frequency
No Respondents (%)
Total 297 100
1 Almost daily 44 14.82 The analysis of data Table-4 reveals that out of 297
respondents, maximum numbers of respondents i.e.
Thrice in a 126(42.43%) were spending 6-10 hours per week in
2 60 20.20 library, followed by 108(36.36%) were spending less
week
than 5 hours and 35(11.78%) were spending 11-15
Twice in a
3 95 31.99 hours in library per week. Further 15(5.05%) and 10
week
(3.37%) numbers of respondents were spending 16-
Once in a 20 hours and 21-25 hours in the library respectively.
4 39 13.13
week Surprisingly only 3 users were using the library more
than 25 hours which is 1.01%.
5 Monthly 26 8.75
Purpose of library visit
6 When feel 33 11.11 Regarding purposing of visiting library by the
respondents ,the analysis of Table-5 depicts that out of
Grand Total 297 100.00 805 responses , maximum i.e. 230 (28.57%) responses
indicated that the main purpose of visiting the library was
Time spend by the respondents per week for accessing the subscribed e-resources, followed by
to issue/return of books (19.88%), for reading purposes
The study further attempts to examine the average
(14.66%), to use CDs/DVDs (13.54%),to browse
time spend by the respondents per week and the data
Internet (12.42%), others( 8.57%) and for research
collected on this were tabulated in Table-4.
work( 2.36%).
Table-5 Purpose of library visit
Asso. Asst. Total Percentage

Purpose of library visit Prof.
Prof. Prof. Responses (%)
# 12 19 87 118 14.66
To read books, periodicals, newspaper etc
% 10.17 16.10 73.73 100
# 25 36 99 160 19.88
To Issue/ return of books
% 15.62 22.5 61.88 100
# 2 10 7 19 2.36
For Research work
% 10.53 52.63 36.84 100
# 19 41 49 109 13.54
To use CDs/DVDs
% 17.43 37.61 44.96 100
# 1 33 66 100 12.42
To browse Internet
% 1 33 66 100

Asso. Asst. Total Percentage
Purpose of library visit Prof.
Prof. Prof. Responses (%)
# 40 72 118 230 28.57
To access subscribed /purchased e-resources
% 17.39 31.31 51.30 100
Others(preparation of class note, writing research # 7 28 34 69 8.57

papers etc) % 10.14 40.58 49.28 100
Total 805
Further the Table-5 examines various purpose of responses out of 19 indicated that Associate Professors
library visit category wise. It shows that for reading visit library more than Asst. Professors(36.84%) and
propose, Asst. Professors visit library more(87 Professors(10.53%).
responses out of 118 i.e.73.73%) ,followed by Associate
Also the less numbers of responses on the purpose
Professors(16.10%) and Professors(10.17%).The same
of library visit for research work by the respondents
is in the case of other purposes of Library visit such as to
indicated towards poor research activities of the faculty
issue/return of books (61.88% out of 160 responses),to
members of the private Engineering colleges of Odisha
use CDs/DVDs(44.96% out of 109 responses),to
browse Internet(66% out of 100 responses) ,to access Satisfaction with various library facilities
subscribed e-resources(51.30% out of 118 responses)
To evaluate satisfaction level of respondents on various
and for other purposes(49.28% out of 69 responses)
aspects of library, the respondents were asked to grade
like preparation of class note, writing research papers
various aspects of library such as physical faciltities,
etc.
collections, rules and regulations etc and the collected
However for research work, as high as 52.63% of data have been tabulated in Table-6.
Table-6: satisfaction with various library services
Library facilities/services Excellent Good Average Poor Total

# 28 92 118 59 297
Physical facilities
% 9.43 30.98 39.73 19.86 (100%)
# 22 77 149 49 297
Collection on print resources
% 7.41 25.92 50.17 16.50 (100%)
# 17 46 167 67 297
Collection on e-resources
% 5.72 15.49 56.23 22.56 (100%)
# 33 98 123 43 297
Library opening hours
% 11.11 33.00 41.41 14.48 (100%)
# 23 66 148 60 297
Computer facilities
% 7.75 22.22 49.83 20.20 (100%)
# 11 63 133 90 297
Internet facilities
% 3.70 21.21 44.78 30.31 (100%)
# 30 80 101 86 297
Rules and regulations
% 10.10 26.94 34.00 28.96 (100%)
# 24 46 76 151 297
Web POAC/OPAC
% 8.08 15.49 25.59 50.84 (100%)
# 56 115 85 41 297
Library staff
% 18.86 38.72 28.61 13.80 (100%)
1100
Total % 244 (9.13) 683 (25.55) 646 (24.17) 2673 (100)
(41.15)

The analysis of data of Table-6 shows that the overall scope of the study. Remarkably the satisfaction level on
satisfaction level of respondents on library is “Average” Library staff was “Good” with (38.72% )of responses
as out of 2673 responses (41.15% )indicated towards which is a good sign for any library.
this, followed by “Good” ,Poor and Excellent with
Availability and use of library collections by Faculty
25.55%,24.17% and 9.13% respectively. Further the
members:
analysis reveals the satisfaction level on individual
aspects of library. It revealed that the respondents’ Analysis of data of Table-7 shows that all libraries have
satisfaction level was “Average” for library aspects all types of resources listed in the table, which indicate
such as physical facilities, collection on print resources towards sound collections of these libraries. However,
,collection on e-resources, library opening hours, regarding use of these resources, the analysis reveals
computer facilities ,Internet facilities, and rules and that all respondents use print resources i.e. print books
regulations of libraries with 118(39.73%),49(50.17%),1 ,print periodicals, back volume of journals and Theses
67(56.23%),123(41.41%), and Dissertations. But surprisingly ,the same resources
in electronic forms i.e. e-books, e-journals, Online journal
148(49.83%) ,133(44.78%) and 101(34%) responses
Archive(back volume of journals),Electronic Theses and
respectively out of 297 responses in each case. Also
Dissertations are less used by respondents. It indicates
the satisfaction level of maximum respondents was
that either the resources available in electronic format in
“Poor” in case of Web OPAC/OPAC(Online Public
these libraries are not as per the demands of the users
Access Catalogue) since 50.84% of responses out of
or there may be poor infrastructure faculties to access
297 indicated towards this. This result may be due to
these resources.
poor library automation of the institutions under the
Table-7: Availability and use of library collections by Faculty members
S.N Library Collections Available (Pl Use by Percentage

specify Yes or Respondents (#
No) of Responses)
1 Print Books Yes 297 100
2 Print Periodicals Yes 297 100
3 Back volume of Journals Yes 297 100
4 Theses/Dissertations Yes 297 100
5 E-Books Yes 218 73.4
6 E-Journals/database Yes 245 82.49
Online journal Archive(back
7 Yes 233 78.46
volumes of journal –onine)
Electronic Theses/Dissertations/
8 Yes 130 43.78
Institutional Repository
Study Materials freely available

9 Yes 274 92.26
on Internet
10 Educational CDs/DVDs Yes 215 72.4
11 Any other Yes 119 40.07
Preference of Print and E-resources Table-8: Preference of Print and E-resources

The study attempts to know about the respondent’s S.N Resources # of Percentage
preference on print or e-resources and data analysis on Responses (%)
these as per Table-8 shows that more than half of the
1 Print 154 51.85
respondents preferred Print resources(51.85%),followed
by E-resources(32.32%) and both(15.83%). 2 E-Resources 96 32.32
3 Both 47 15.83
Grand Total 297 100

Satisfaction level in using library resources respondents in using library resources and were
tabulated in Table-9
Data were collected on the satisfaction level of
Table-9: Satisfaction level in using library resources
Satisfaction level Prof. Asso. Prof. Asst. Prof. Total Percentage

Responses (%)
# 6 14 23 43 14.48
Highly satisfied
% 13.95 32.56 53.49 100
# 12 24 37 73 24.58
Satisfied
% 16.44 32.88 50.68 100
# 19 36 65 120 40.40
Moderately satisfied
% 15.83 30.00 54.17 100
# 4 7 25 36 12.12
Dissatisfied
% 11.11 19.44 69.45 100
# 3 9 13 25 8.42
Highly dissatisfied
% 12.00 36.00 52.00 100
Total 44 90 163 297 100.00
It shows that the overall satisfaction level of respondents 6 Frequent power 142 18.35
were “Moderately Satisfied” with 40.40% of response, cut
followed by satisfied (24.58%) and highly satisfied
(14.48%).Also 8.42% of response indicated that the Total 774 100.00
respondents were “Highly dissatisfied” and 12.12.% The analysis of data of above table shows that “Lack
were “Dissatisfied”. Further category wise also the of time” was the main problem for using library
response of respondents were “Moderately satisfied” resources(25.58%), followed by unavailability of
Problems encountered in using library resources required resources(22.09%) and frequent power
cut(18.35%).Surprisingly 7.62% of responses indicated
Table-10 reveals about the problems encountered by
that the problem for using library resources was the
the faculty members of the private engineering colleges
“non-cooperative library staff”
Odisha. Out of that 120(15.50%) are dissatisfied by the
inconvenient library hours. Findings of the Study
Table-10: Problem encountered in using library The findings of the study can be summarized as follows.
resources a) Maximum numbers of Private engineering colleges
S. Problems # of Percentage exist in Khurda district of Odisha. It is due to the
No Respondents (%) fact that since the state capital “Bhubaneswar”
comes under Khurda district, maximum private
1 Inconvenient 120 15.51 engineering institutions have been established in
library hours and around Bhubaneswar.
2 Lack of time 198 25.58
b) The frequency of library visit of maximum
3 Required 171 22.09 respondents visit library twice in a week ,which
resources are is also less than 50% of the total numbers of
not available respondents. Also average time spend by faculty
4 Library 84 10.85 members for library visit is 6-10 hours per week. It
environment is indicate poor library use by the faculty members of
not good these institutions
5 Non-co- 59 7.62 c) The main purposes of library visit by respondents are
operative library for accessing the subscribed e-resources, followed
staff by to issue/return of books (19.88%), for reading

purposes(14.66%) ,to use CDs/DVDs(13.54%),to for their study, teaching and research .But the present
browse Internet(12.42%),others(8.57%) and study reveals a gloomy picture of the use of private
for research work(2.36%).Since the purpose of engineering college libraries by their faculty members.
visiting library by faculty members is for accessing Although the faculty members visit their libraries ,it
e-resources and also for browsing Internet, it is not as per expectations. Further the collections
indicates towards poor Internet connectivity in all of these libraries and other infrastructure facilities
places or absence of Wi-fi. The poor response of these libraries seems to be poor ,accordingly the
for research work also indicates towards poor satisfaction level of faculty members are “average”.
reference collections of these institutions. Further the collections of e-resources and their uses
by the faculty members have not get momentum at par
d) The respondents’ satisfaction level was “Average” for
with other engineering institutions of Odisha and India.
library aspects such as physical facilities, collection
The management of these institutions need to take
on print resources ,collection on e-resources,
appropriate measures to built their library collections
library opening hours, computer facilities ,Internet
,develop infrastructure facilities and provide library
facilities, and rules and regulations of libraries.
services properly by allocating more library budget and
The satisfaction level of respondents is “Poor” in
required professional manpower, so that the quality of
case of Web OPAC/OPAC(Online Public Access
teaching and education of these institutions will improve
Catalogue) since and on Library staff is “Good”.
to a great extent.
e) All libraries have maximum types of library
References
resources listed in the table, which indicate towards
sound collections of these libraries. However, 1. Korobili, S. , Tilikidou, I & Delistavrou, A. (2006).
regarding use of these resources, the analysis “Factors that influence the use of library resources
reveals that all respondents use print resources but by faculty members”, Library Review. 55(2), 91 –
surprisingly the electronic counterparts of these 105.
resources are less used by respondents.
2. Satpathy, S. K. & Kashyap, S. R. (2016). Use of
f) The faculty members have expressed their e-resources by university faculty members of
preference to use print resources than e-resources. Chhattisgarh, India: A study.In B.Gunjal et.al(Eds,).
Electronic Resource management in Libraries:
g) The overall satisfaction level of respondents are
Trends, issues & Challenges. (pp.155-167). New
“Moderately Satisfied”
Delhi, Ess Ess Publications
h) Lack of time and un availability of required
3. Satpathy, S.K. & Rout, B. (2010). “Use of
resources are main problems in using library
e-resources by the faculty members with special
resources by the faculty members.
reference to CVRCE” Bhubaneswar. DESIDOC Jr.
Conclusion of Lib & Inf Tech. 30(4).11-16.
Library is one of the important center in an academic set 4. Simisaye, A.O. (2012). “Faculty Use of University
up, around which all academic activities are revolved Library Resources: A Study of Tai Solarin University
around. Accordingly the collections of the libraries of Education, Ijagun, Ogun State, Nigeria” Library
need to be properly maintained and managed as per Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). Paper 820.
the demand their users .Also the faculty members http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/820
of academic institutions, being the torch bearer for
5. http://www.bput.ac.in/affiliated-colleges.php
students and research scholars,need to use libraries

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Editorial Board Contents

Dr. Partha De 5. Author Metrics : A Bibliometric Study of Padma, P 34

Introduction define disaster as a hazard causing heavy loss to

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Total Number of Articles 2656 Citation-based Indicators No.

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Figure 3.j(iv): Citation Pattern Vs Publication Pattern of Stars research in in India

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Institution Region TP (o/o) TC At rgCPA h-index

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Journal TP (%) TC AvgCPA Journal Metrics (2013) Country

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Author TP (%) TC TCwoSC CI CIwoSC AgCPA h-index

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Country Continent TP(%) TC AgCPA h-index

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Keyword V (t0) V (tn) t0 tn CAGR (%) R

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Introduction at higher, middle and lower management level have to

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Anulom-VilomPranayam  It helps in people in improving the IQ, coordination,

11. SandhiVayayama 5 Minutes  It boost the immune system functionality ;

14. Ushtrasana 2 Minutes  Helps in better memory especially in students,

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Name of Pranayama Asanas Meditation

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Sl. Users satisfaction Highly Satisfied Satisfied Not Satisfied

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Gudodagi and Manjunatha (2014) evaluated the  Dominant Authors

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Sl. No No of Authors No. of Articles Percentage

300 Authorship Pattern

Figure 1: Authorship Pattern

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S:No Authorship Pattern 2013 2014 2015 Total Percentage

Year - wise Authorship Pattern

Single Two Three Four Five Six

Figure 2: Year - wise Authorship Pattern

Anulom-VilomPranayam It helps in people in improving the IQ, coordination,

11. SandhiVayayama 5 Minutes It boost the immune system functionality ;

14. Ushtrasana 2 Minutes Helps in better memory especially in students,

Gudodagi and Manjunatha (2014) evaluated the Dominant Authors