David’s Reign Restored ®

2 Samuel 19-24
BSF® Lesson 22
Notes
People of the Promised Land I

Focus
“For who is God besides the Lord? And who is the Rock except our God? It is God who arms me with strength and
keeps my way secure.” – 2 Samuel 22:32-33

This Lesson
A. God Restores – 2 Samuel 19-20
B. God Rescues – 2 Samuel 21-23
C. God Brings Repentance – 2 Samuel 24

Engage
We want a hero. We long for someone – a sports star, scientist, politician, preacher – to thrill us with their skill, fix
our problems, lead us and rescue us. David seemed like a superhero: the man after God’s own heart. The young
boy who defeated a deadly warrior. The man who sang sweetly, loved God and built deep and godly friendships. The
soldier who refused to kill his enemy, who turned a band of discontents into an army of righteous warriors. But David
disappointed us – sinning and sinning again. In grace, God rescued and restored him, but David cannot help us.
In Jesus, God has given us the King we long for, the only true superhero. He never disappoints. He rescues
us from sin and what that sin destroys. He restores to new and vibrant life. In Him, God’s awesome throne becomes
a throne of mercy and grace. He takes sinful people like David or like us and willingly makes us people after His own
heart. Look at David and see God’s promise to send the Rescuer and King to the world – to you, if you receive Him.

God Restores – 2 Samuel 19-20

David’s Grief – 19:1-8 In mercy, God limited the destruction David’s

On the final bloody day of the civil war, 20,000
men loyal to Absalom died. David’s nephew Joab, the
commander of his army, killed his cousin Absalom. Joab
had disobeyed David’s explicit command to “be gentle,”1
but his disobedience ended the war. The surviving rebel
army scattered in defeat. David’s soldiers expected
joyful victory celebrations; instead, grief overwhelmed
their leader. To highlight how David’s emotions
conflicted with his duties, the text speaks only of “the
king,” though ordinarily we read of “David.”
David’s son had murdered, raped and plotted to take
his life and kingdom. Though Absalom had ripped the
nation apart with civil war, the king could only respond
as a father and mourn. How painful for a father to know
his own sins had laid the foundation for his son’s downfall!
What sorrow for David to remember God’s warning:
“Now, therefore, the sword will never depart from your
house, because you despised me. …”2 David’s wish that
he had died instead of Absalom could not restore lost
opportunities to right wrongs and restore relationships.3
Loving fathers grieve, but David’s self-absorbed
grief blinded him to truth and duty. In mercy, God limited
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sin had brought on the nation. Absalom’s death
meant families could rebuild. Instead of fighting,
farmers could plant crops. Other fathers’ sons
would now live and not die.
the destruction David’s sin had brought on the nation.
Absalom’s death meant families could rebuild. Instead of
fighting, farmers could plant crops. Other fathers’ sons
would now live and not die. God had graciously saved
the king and restored the kingdom, yet David had
not thanked God or his soldiers. Joab, always alert to
political danger, warned David bluntly of the dangers of
ingratitude. Pushed back to duty, David sat in the town’s
gates and greeted his soldiers.
David’s Return – 19:9-43
Throughout the northern tribes of Israel, the
people who had followed Absalom talked of restoring
the king to his rightful place in Jerusalem. Yet David’s
own tribe of Judah held back. David asked his tribe,
“Why should you be the last to bring the king back?”
 Unity: God’s Plan for His People
David wrote, “How good and pleasant it is when God’s people live together in unity!”4 David longed for unity
because he experienced the pain disunity brings. The old fracture between Judah and the other tribes from
the years after Saul’s death never fully healed.5 After the death of David’s son Solomon, the kingdom divided
permanently.6 As God had warned, the “sword” continued to wound David’s house.7
How can selfish, sinful people enjoy “good and pleasant” unity? If you are a believer, God not only has united
you with Christ, but also with all believers in one body through the Holy Spirit.8 The New Testament calls us to
live out this new reality.
Through Christ we have a:
■ New goal: “Complete unity ... then the world will know that you [Father] sent me [Jesus] and have loved
them even as you have loved me.”9
■ New calling: “Live a life worthy of [your] calling.”10
■ New lifestyle: “Be completely humble and gentle; be patient, bearing with one another in love.”11
■ New work: “Make every effort to keep the unity of the Spirit through the bond of peace.”12
■ New motive: “Forgive as the Lord forgave you.”13
■ New mindset: “In humility value others above yourselves. … In your relationships with one another, have
the same mindset as Christ Jesus.”14
■ New power: “You will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you.”15
■ New limit: “As far as it depends on you, live at peace with everyone.”16
Are you God’s child through faith in Jesus? God calls you to pursue, cherish and guard His people’s unity.
Unity begins with God’s love. God’s love in Christ frees us to love others: “And over all these virtues put on
love, which binds them all together in perfect unity.”17 What relationship or situation will you ask God to restore or
transform as He makes you more like Jesus?

In another conciliatory move toward the rebels, David
replaced Joab as army commander. Amasa, another
nephew and the former commander of Absalom’s army,
became the new commander. Yet David took no steps to
protect Amasa from Joab, though he knew how deadly
Joab’s ambition could be.18
As David prepared to return to Jerusalem, men
of Judah came to bring David triumphantly across the
Jordan. Shimei, the man of Saul’s tribe who had cursed
David when he fled Jerusalem, came with 1,000 other
Benjamites to plead for mercy. Joab’s brother Abishai had
wanted to execute Shimei for his curses;19 now he again
suggested death for Shimei. David refused, using the
same words he had previously. He asked, “What does
this have to do with you, you sons of Zeruiah?” including
Joab in his reply.
Saul’s former steward Ziba came with Shimei. Ziba
had received all Mephibosheth’s property by persuading
David that Jonathan’s son was loyal to Absalom.20 But
Mephibosheth also went to meet David at the Jordan. His
unkempt appearance seemed to prove he had faithfully
mourned David’s departure. Rejoicing at David’s
return, Mephibosheth gladly gave up his rights to his
property. He said, “All my grandfather’s descendants
deserved nothing but death … but you gave your servant
a place … at your table.”21
David desired to unify the nation, yet he had
contributed to a conflict that marred the joy of his
return. The northern tribes felt slighted that the men of
Judah had “stolen” the king and brought David across the
Jordan without them. Judah only added to the anger of the
others by arguing that “the king is closely related to us.”
The 10 tribes responded that they had “ten shares in the
king.” Their claim that the king belonged to all of Israel
simply made Judah argue more.
Sheba’s Rebellion – 20:1-26
Sheba, from the tribe of Benjamin, “happened to be
there” and seized the opportunity to shake off David’s
rule. Building on intertribal resentment, he shouted to
the northern tribes, “We have no share in David!”
The men of the tribes north of Judah deserted David to
follow Sheba.
Despite the urgent need to stop Sheba, David
first guaranteed the safety of the concubines who
had remained behind in Jerusalem.22 These 10 women
had suffered painful and public shame at Absalom’s
hands.23 Laws of incest prevented David from restoring
them to their place in his household, but he provided for
their care.
David gave his new army commander an almost
impossible task: Amasa had only three days to call
Judah’s battle-weary men together for yet another
campaign. Unsurprisingly, the men of Judah, so recently
reunited with wives and children, failed to meet the 72-
hour time limit. David then sent Abishai out in command
of his brother Joab and the rest of David’s elite soldiers.

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 On the way, Abishai’s men met Amasa. Under the
guise of friendship, Joab coldly murdered his cousin
Amasa, as he had deceitfully murdered Saul’s former
commander Abner.24 Both murdered men shared the
misfortune of having David appoint them to replace
Joab as commander of the army. Do you recognize
the “Joabs” in your workplace or church by the harm
they cause? Joab, seemingly so loyal to David, never
permitted the king’s will to define his ambitions. What
limits your will and ambitions? To whom does your true
loyalty belong?25
God Rescues – 2 Samuel 21-23
Gibeonites Avenged – 21:1-14
At some point during David’s reign, a three-year
famine drew him to pray urgently. God answered that
the famine was not on account of recent sin, but
because of “Saul and his blood-stained house.” During
the conquest of Canaan, Israel had committed to protect
the Gibeonites, a foreign people living in the land. In
God’s grace, the Gibeonites became servants at God’s
altar.26 But sometime during Saul’s reign, perhaps around
the time he killed the priests of Nob whom they served,27
Saul tried to kill all the Gibeonites.
Saul had once refused to kill an enemy king
whom God had commanded him to kill. Though that
disobedience cost him his kingdom,28 Saul continued
to think he was free to choose when and how he would
obey. What a dangerous mindset! Saul believed he
showed “zeal for Israel” by killing people whom Israel
had solemnly promised to protect.
God called David to right the wrong done by his
predecessor. David summoned the Gibeonites. He asked
how he could atone or cover completely the harm Saul
had done “so that you will bless the Lord’s inheritance.”
God’s people are His “inheritance” – chosen, loved and
blessed forever. God deals with sin that stands between
His people and the blessing He intends for them.
The Law of Moses states, “Bloodshed pollutes the
land, and atonement cannot be made for the land on
which blood has been shed, except by the blood of the
one who shed it.”29 The Gibeonites asked David to give
them seven of Saul’s male descendants to die as atonement
for Saul’s murders. David kept his covenant promise to
Jonathan and spared Jonathan’s son Mephibosheth. The
Gibeonites put to death seven other sons and grandsons of
Saul and left their bodies unburied on a hillside.
For many months, Rizpah,30 mother of two of the dead,
remained near the bodies to keep birds and animals away.
When David learned of Rizpah’s faithful vigil, he gathered
her sons’ bones and the bones of Saul and Jonathan.31 He
buried them all in Saul’s father’s tomb. Afterward, the
Lord answered prayer and ended the famine.
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With his rival dead, Joab pursued Sheba to a city in
the far north of Israel. Joab besieged the city until one
woman dared to challenge him. Her wisdom resulted
in Sheba’s death, but life and peace for her city and the
nation. On their return to Jerusalem, Abishai apparently
thought it safer to allow his brother Joab to resume
command of the army. The Bible honestly recounts
Joab’s brutality, calling us to pursue God and His
kingdom rather than our own agendas.
This is a difficult story because it does not seem
fair to kill descendants of Saul for Saul’s sins. While
there is no simple answer, we can say this tragic story
demonstrates how sin can continue to disrupt and
destroy long after we forget the sin. Through costly
atonement, God’s grace powerfully restores what sin
ruins.18 Through His death on the cross, David’s
perfect Son Jesus has atoned fully and finally for sin.32
Consequences may remain in this life, but one day, in His
presence, He will wipe every tear from our eyes.33
David’s Autobiography – 22:1-5134
Psalm 18 poetically recounts David’s life and
experience with God in his own words. The inspired writer
of Samuel seems to have included the psalm as the “theme
song” of David’s life. Through dangers and conflicts, we
see and love David’s Rock who rescued him.
God’s rescue – 22:1-20
■ Against the backdrop of Judea’s rocky cliffs,
David sang to “my rock, my fortress and my
deliverer; my God is my rock, in whom I take
refuge.”
■ Enemies threatened David’s life repeatedly:
“The cords of the grave coiled around me; the
snares of death confronted me.”
■ David’s answer: “In my distress I called to the
Lord; I called out to my God. … ”
■ David saw God rescue him: “He parted the
heavens and came down. … He shot his arrows
and scattered the enemy, with great bolts of
lightning he routed them.”
God’s righteousness – 22:21-30
■ David, who knew his sinfulness,35 stood on
the solid ground of God’s justice, not his own
imperfect obedience: “The Lord has dealt with
me according to my righteousness; … For I have
kept the ways of the Lord; I am not guilty of
turning from my God.”
 ■ God requires righteousness, but in ourselves,
none of us are right or “righteous.”36 Through
faith in Christ’s atonement on our behalf, God
gives the righteousness He requires.
■ Ultimately, David describes the one righteous
man, the Lord Jesus Christ. In Christ, God sees
His children as beautifully righteous as His Son.
In Him, David’s words become God’s gracious
truth about us.
■ Whatever goodness we have comes from God.
Pride has no place in God’s kingdom: “You
save the humble, but your eyes are on the
haughty to bring them low.”
■ Through many crises, David learned to say,
“You, Lord are my lamp; the Lord turns my
darkness into light.”
God’s renewal – 22:31-46
■ The living God rescues and strengthens His
people with His power: “Who is the Rock
except our God? It is God who arms me with
strength and keeps my way secure.”
■ David recognized that God alone had delivered
and preserved him “as the head of nations.”
Victory assured – 22:47-51
The psalm ends on the solid ground of God’s
unshakeable and eternal promise: God “shows unfailing
kindness to his anointed, to David and his descendants
forever.” David includes himself but points forward to
his great descendant Jesus. Through the Messiah –
Hebrew for Anointed One – God gloriously displays
His unfailing love forever. He is the Rock. How has He
sheltered and strengthened you this week? Will you now
praise Him?
Final Words – 23:1-7
After looking back at David’s life through Psalm 18,
David’s last words call us to look to the future. David
expresses his highest desires to govern righteously.
David’s sins and sorrows were many. Conflict seemed
never to leave his kingdom. Yet David trusted God to
maintain His everlasting covenant and cause David’s
kingdom to endure forever.37 How does David’s hope
change your outlook on the turmoil of our world?
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David was painfully aware that God’s promise did
not include every individual in his family. Right standing
before God has always come only through faith in God’s
provision of His Son,38 the Savior.39 Jesus perfectly
fulfilled David’s picture of the righteous Ruler, the true
Anointed One of God. Jesus, the only glorious Hero
in Israel’s history, is the Righteous Ruler whose light
brings life: “like the light … at sunrise on a cloudless
morning, like the brightness after rain that brings grass
from the earth.”
David’s Warriors — 21:15-22; 23:8-39
God delights in naming and honoring His people.
Two lists of warriors40 frame the sections that praise God’s
saving work in David’s life. God surrounded His king
with loyal men who devoted themselves to him. Whether
immediately or gradually, these faithful men recognized
David as God’s choice to be Israel’s king. At one time,
they were distressed, in debt or discontented,41 but
God transformed them as they followed the “man after
God’s heart.”42
Faith infused their exploits: Once, when the Philistines
held Bethlehem, the three warriors brought David a drink
of Bethlehem’s sweet water. Their bravery left David in
awe. The water seemed to him like the men’s life blood
– too holy to drink. Only God can demand that we
give our lives in devotion to Him. Like the blood of a
sacrifice, David “poured it out before the Lord.”43
God granted David’s warriors extraordinary
victories in the service of God’s king and His kingdom:
■ Josheb-Basshebeth: Killed 800 in one
encounter
■ Eleazar: His hand “froze to the sword” until
the Lord brought victory over the Philistines.
■ Shammah: Remained alone to fight the
Philistines and the Lord brought victory
■ Abishai: David’s nephew and Joab’s brother;
chief of the three; once killed 300 with his spear
■ Benaiah: Commanded David’s bodyguard;
defeated the strongest warriors as well as lions
■ Uriah the Hittite: Purposely placed as
the final name in the list; reminds us that
almighty God, not David, deserved the
mighty warriors’ commitment.44
 God Brings Repentance – 2 Samuel 24
David’s Census – 24:1-9
As with the Gibeonite incident, we do not know when
the census took place. David’s census leaves us with more
important questions than merely when it happened:
■ Would God tempt David to sin?
■ Why does the Bible say God and Satan incited
David?
■ Why did “the Lord’s anger burn” against Israel?
■ Why was the census sinful?
God promises He tempts no one.45 Where Satan
tempts, God designs to test us to show us our sinfulness
and His gracious work.46 Satan can do only what God
allows. The parallel account in 1 Chronicles 21 does not
contradict Samuel when it explains that Satan incited
David.47 Like everything in creation – all people, every
atom and all that exists – Satan ultimately serves God’s
good purposes.48 The cross demonstrates even Satan’s
most evil acts ultimately accomplish God’s perfect plan.49
Why did God’s anger burn against Israel? We need
not know the specific situation to know that God’s
wrath50 is the greatest problem anyone faces. We are all
born with a nature that loves to sin, harming ourselves and
others. God graciously calls us to repent and find mercy
instead of wrath.51 Jesus took God’s wrath against sin for all
who believe.52 In Christ, God’s children do not live under
condemnation53 but God disciplines us for our good.54
Why was taking a census wrong? God Himself had
twice commanded a census during Israel’s 40 years in the
wilderness.55 David’s census was for military purposes, but
Israel faced no enemy armies. David’s sin lay in his motive
– whether pride, lack of dependence on God or both.
Joab recognized David’s error but obeyed David’s order.
The census took nine months to complete – nine months
during which David could have repented but did not.56
David’s Repentance – 24:10-17
When Joab reported the results of the census,
David seems to have felt the weight of his guilt
immediately. He confessed, “I have sinned greatly. …
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Lord, I beg you, take away the guilt of your servant.”
God convicted David that he had “done a very foolish
thing.” David genuinely repented yet could not escape the
consequences of his sin.
The next morning, God sent Gad the prophet to
David: The nation would suffer for David’s sin. David
was to choose one of three consequences for his sin: three
years of famine, three months of enemy pursuit or three
days of nationwide plague. Deeply distressed, David said,
“Let us fall into the hands of the Lord, for his mercy
is great; but do not let me fall into human hands.” God
would act most directly through a plague, so David placed
the nation in God’s merciful hands. Do not shrink back
from God’s discipline; trust His mercy and draw close.
At the threshing floor57 of Araunah, a Jebusite (not
an Israelite), the angel who brought the plague lifted
his hand to strike Jerusalem. David saw the angel and
pleaded, “I have sinned; I, the shepherd, have done
wrong. These are but sheep. What have they done?
Let your hand fall on me and my family.” God said,
“Enough!” Sinful David could not die for his sheep. But
1,000 years later, near where David stood, the sinless Son
of David gave His life for His sheep.58
God’s Mercy – 24:18-25
In mercy, the Lord sent Gad to tell David to build an
altar on the threshing floor. Araunah gladly offered not
only his property, but also the oxen and the firewood for
the sacrifice. The king insisted on paying, saying, “I
will not sacrifice to the Lord my God burnt offerings
that cost me nothing.” Trusting God to save him and his
nation, David built the altar. God sent fire from heaven,
overwhelmingly accepting the sacrifice.59 “Then the Lord
answered his prayer in behalf of the land, and the plague
on Israel was stopped.”
 Take to Heart
1 and 2 Samuel conclude with God’s mercy
Hold Fast
toward a sinful king and his sinful people. At first
glance, chapters 21-24 may seem randomly arranged.
Read more closely and puzzlement turns to wonder!
The six main sections of these final chapters
precisely mirror one another:
■ Chapters 21 and 24: a king’s sin, a nation
harmed and God’s mercy.
■ Next, two lists of David’s mighty men.
■ Finally, at the heart of these chapters,
David’s song and his final words praise his
mighty God.
The writer has focused our gaze so we see: more
than the story of David, the books of Samuel tell the
story of God and His kingdom.
Glory does not belong to David, but to his
Lord – the God who rescues His people from sin
and death. Mt. Moriah,60 where God ended the
plague David’s sin had caused, became the site
of Solomon’s temple. The temple, where God
symbolically lived among His people,61 pointed to
Jesus – Immanuel, God with us.62 The sacrifices on
Mt. Moriah promised the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus’
life for His people’s sins.63

The war ended, but before Has God made you a leader find your strength in Jesus to serve
Apply It

David could return to Jerusalem,
civil war again threatened his
kingdom. Perhaps, like David,
turmoil has disrupted your life.
Sudden loss tempts you to despair.
Or perhaps the desire to retaliate
almost overwhelms you. Will you
entrust your pain and anger to the
Lord? God is able and willing
to heal and restore what seems
broken beyond repair. Will you
ask Him to use your crisis to make
you more like Jesus? God will
help you find strength and joy as
you pray for willingness to love
and forgive.
in your home, workplace or
church? David often chose to
ignore problems in his family and
nation. He tried several times to
demote Joab but never challenged
Joab’s murderous record. Do
you share David’s reluctance to
confront wrongdoing? Will you
begin to pray for courage, wisdom
and grace to change? Pray for
strength to examine your own
heart and habits. If your sin has
compromised you or contributed
to the problem, repent. Ask
forgiveness not only of God, but of
those whom you have hurt. Then
Him and others faithfully.
Sin tears apart lives and
communities. It lies behind all the
wars and sorrow in this world. God’s
justice requires His wrath against
sin. In David’s time and now,
God’s people long for a king to
right all wrongs. In Christ, God has
committed Himself to restore all that
sin has ruined. Has God subdued
your rebel heart and reconciled
you to Himself? Pray for grace to
see your sinfulness and treasure
Him and His salvation daily. How
might you work for justice and
righteousness until Jesus comes?

Check out these footnoted references for further study of God’s Word in this week’s lesson.
Go Deeper

1: David’s command: 2 Samuel
18:5
2: Sword prophecy: 2 Samuel
12:10
3: Lost opportunities: 2 Samuel
13:1-15:12
4 Believers’ unity: Psalm 133:1
5: Tribal fracture: 2 Samuel 2:8-5:5
6: Divided kingdom: 1 Kings
12:1-19
7: Sword: 2 Samuel 12:10
8: One body: Ephesians 4:4-6
9: Unity: John 17:22-23
10: Calling: Ephesians 4:1
11: Loving lifestyle: Ephesians 4:2;
Colossians 3:12-17
12: Every effort: Ephesians 4:3
13: Forgive: Colossians 3:13
14: Christ’s mind: Philippians 2:1-5
15: Spirit’s power: Acts 1:8
16: Peace: Romans 12:18
17: Love unites: Colossians 3:14
18: Joab’s ambitions: 2 Samuel
3:38-39
19: Bloodthirsty Abishai: 2 Samuel
16:9-10
20: Ziba’s slander: 2 Samuel 16:3-4
21: Mephibosheth: 2 Samuel 9
22: Concubines left: 2 Samuel 15:16
23: Concubines raped: 2 Samuel
12:11-12; 16:21-22
24: Abner’s murder: 2 Samuel
3:26-27; 38-39
25: True loyalty: Matthew 7:21-23
26: Gibeonites: Joshua 9:1-26
27: Nob: 1 Samuel 22:6-19
28: Agag: 1 Samuel 15
29: Bloodshed: Numbers 35:33
30: Rizpah: 2 Samuel 3:7
31: Saul’s bones: 1 Samuel 31:11-13
32: Grace greater: Romans 5:20
33: Atonement: Romans 3:25-26;
Hebrews 10:10; 1 Peter 1:18-19
34: Wipe tears: Isaiah 35:10;
Revelation 21:4
35: David’s rock: Psalm 18:1-50
36: None righteous: Psalm 14:3;
Romans 3:10
37: God’s promise: 2 Samuel 7:8-16
38: By faith: Romans 5:1-2, 6-8;
Ephesians 2:8-9
39: Savior: Matthew 1:21; Acts 4:12
40: David’s warriors: 1 Chronicles
11:10-41
41: David’s men: 1 Samuel 22:2
42: God’s heart: 1 Samuel 13:14;
Acts 13:22
43: Drink offering: Exodus 29:40;
Leviticus 23:13
44: Uriah: 2 Samuel 11; Matthew 1:6
45: Does not tempt: James 1:13
46: God tests: Deuteronomy 8:2;
Job 23:10; Psalm 26:2; Isaiah
48:10
47: Satan’s role: 1 Chronicles 21:1
48: God’s purpose: Genesis 50:20;
Romans 8:28
49: Cross: Acts 2:23-24; Romans
8:32
50: Eternal wrath: Exodus 15:7;
Matthew 25:41-46; Revelation
6:16-17
51: Repent: 1 Thessalonians 1:9-10
52: Jesus our substitute: Romans
5:9, 8:1; Ephesians 2:3-5
53: No condemnation: Romans
8:1, 31-35
54: Father’s discipline: Hebrews
12:4-11
55: Census: Numbers 1:1-2; 26:2
56: Nine months: 2 Samuel 11-12
57: Threshing: Deuteronomy 25:4;
Ruth 2:17; Isaiah 28:27-28
58: Good Shepherd: John 10:11, 17
59: David’s sacrifice: 1 Chronicles
21:26
60: Mt. Moriah: Genesis 22:2;
1 Chronicles 21:28-22:1
61: God’s presence: Exodus 25:8;
40:34-38; 2 Chronicles 7:1-3
62: Immanuel: Matthew 1:23; 28:20:
John 1:14; 2:19-22
63: Jesus’ sacrifice: Romans
3:24-26; Hebrews 9:12-15;
10:10

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