Abstract

The present aims to investigate the compressive strength of mortar and mechanical properties of
different grade of concrete (i.e. M20, M25, M30) by adding Tri-Isopropanol Amine (TIPA), Tri-
Ethanol Amine (TEA), and Limestone Powder (LP). TEA and LP were kept constant (1.2ml/l of
water & 7% by weight of cement respectively) in mortar and concrete both. The study was
carried out to compare the properties of control mix [TIPA (0%)] with other mixes [TIPA
(0.05%) & TIPA (0.1%) by weight of cement] of mortar and concrete. Workability (slump and
compaction factor) and mechanical properties i.e. compressive strength, split tensile strength &
flexural strength of all grades of concrete (M20, M25 & M30) were investigated. The result
showed that the compressive strength of mortar and workability of different grades of concrete
(i.e. M20, M25 & M30) was the maximum with TIPA (0.1%) in comparison to control mix TIPA
(0%) and TIPA (0.05%). The result also showed that mechanical properties i.e. compressive
strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of different grades of concrete (i.e. M20, M25
and M30) was the maximum with TIPA (0.05%) in comparison to control mix TIPA (0%) and
TIPA (0.1%)

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 Table of Content

Certificate i

Acknowledgement ii

Abstract iii

Table of Content iv

List of Tables v

List of Figures vi

Abbreviation vii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Effect of Accelerators on Concrete 3
1.3 Benefits of Admixtures 4
1.4 Prospects in India 4
1.5 Economic Feasibility 4
1.6 Scope of investigation 5
1.7 Organisation of dissertation 5

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE OF REVIEW 7

2.1 Introduction 7

2.2 Review of literature 7

2.2.1 Mineral Admixture 7
2.2.1.1 Fly Ash 8
2.2.1.2 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag 12
2.2.1.3 High Reactivity Metakaolin 16
2.2.1.4 Silica Fume 20

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 2.2.1.5 Rice Husk Ash 21
2.2.2. Chemical admixtures 29
2.2.2.1 Accelerators 30
2.2.2.2 Retarders 36
2.3 Discussion of literature review 41
2.4 Summary 41

CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM 42

3.1 Introduction 42
3.2 Material properties 42
3.2.1 Cement 42
3.2.2 Natural fine aggregate 43
3.2.3 Natural coarse aggregate 44
3.2.4 Accelerators (TIPA, TEA) & LP (Limestone Powder) 45
3.2.5 Water 46
3.3 Mix proportion 46
3.4 Mixing and compaction 46
3.5 Casting of specimens 47
3.6 Compressive strength of mortar 51
3.7 Properties of fresh concrete 51
3.8 Testing Procedure 52
3.8.1 Compressive strength 52
3.8.2 Split tensile strength 52
3.8.3 Flexural strength 53
3.9 Summary 53

CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 54

4.1 Introduction 54

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4.2 Effect of variation of percentage of TIPA on compressive strength of mortar 54
4.3 Effect of variation of percentage of TIPA on workability of different grade of concrete55
4.4 Effect of variation of percentage of TIPA on compressive strength of different grades of
concrete 58
4.5 Effect of variation of percentage of TIPA on split tensile strength of different grades of
concrete 61
4.6 Effect of variation of percentage of TIPA on flexural strength of different grades of concrete

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS & SCOPE FOR FURTHER STUDY 68

5.1 Conclusion 68
5.2 Future scope of study 68

REFERENCES 69

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