Part C

1.0 Introduction of the test.

The subject chosen to test the students is English. A class of 12 years old students are
picked to sit for the test. The number of students involved is 20 students. These students
come from different level of language proficiency such as high, medium and low. The test is
conducted for 30 minutes. There are 10 questions to be answered by each student. The test is
aiming on the students’ understanding in English such as their grammar and vocabulary.

The test has been carried and the result is out. The result is as shown below:

No. Student Marks out of 10

1 Agnesia 9
2 Amylya 8
3 Andrewson 7
4 Arabella 4
5 Cynthia 9
6 Entebang 4
7 Erick 0
8 Fabiano 0
9 Freddy 8
10 Gaung 3
11 Jabu 4
12 Japing 5
13 Jelian 3
14 Lorena 8
15 Melissa 3
16 Morrison 5
17 Shellyn 7
18 Stephen 6
19 Tambi 2
20 Valentine 7
2.0 Analysis of the test scores

The test then is analysed by summarizing a collection of data and presented in way that is
clearly understood. The analysis of the test scores are presented by the computation of mean
and median and also by the standard deviation.

The first one is by the computation of mean. The mean or average is the most widely used
statistical tool in educational research. The mean is the most frequently used measure of
central tendency.

Computing the Mean

The mean or X is the figure obtained when the sum of all the items in the group is divided by
the number of items (N). The computation of the test mean is as below:

The sum (∑) of all the 20 scores= 9 + 9 + 8 + 7 + 8 + 7 + 7 + 8 + 6 + 5 + 5 + 4 + 4 + 3 + 3 +

3+2+2+0+0

= 100

Mean or X = ∑ (X) 100

= = 5
N 20

The mean of test score is 4.6

Notation:

∑ = denotes the sum of a set of values or scores

N = represents the number of values or scores in a group

 Computing the Median

The Median is the score found at the exact middle of the set of values. In this analysis, I listed
all the scores in ascending order and then located the score in the centre of the sample. The
computation of the median is as below:

0, 0, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 8, 7, 7, 8, 7, 8, 9, 9,

The median for the test score is: 5

Computing the Standard Deviation

I used Standard Deviation as it is accurate and detailed in estimating the dispersion. The
Standard Deviation shows the relation that set of scores has to be mean of the sample. The
Standard Deviation is a statistic that shows the extent of variability or variation for a given
series of scores from the mean.

The Standard Deviation makes use of the deviations of the individual scores from the mean.
Then each individual deviation is squared to avoid the problem at plus and minus. The
standard deviation is the most often used measure of variability or variation in educational
and psychological research.

The following is the formula for calculating the standard deviation:

Variability or variation or dispersion is determined by the distance of a particular score from

the ‘norm’ or measure of central tendency such as the mean. The standard deviation is a
statistic that shows the extent of variability for a given series of scores from the mean.
Interpretation of the Formula

The standard deviation is found

 By taking the difference between the mean (X) and each item
 Squaring this differences (X-X)2
 Summing all the squared differences ∑(X-X)2
 Dividing by the number of scores (N) minus 1
 Extracting the square root

Computing the Standard Deviation An English test was given to a group of 10 students and
their scores is shown below.

Column 1 Column 2 Column 3

X X-X (X – X)2
9 9 – 5 = +4 16
8 8 - 5 = +3 9
7 7 – 5 = +2 4
4 4 – 5 = -1 1
9 9 – 5 = +4 16
4 4 – 5 = -1 1
0 0 – 5 = -5 25
0 0 – 5 = -5 25
8 8 – 5 = +3 9
3 3 – 5 = -2 4
4 4 – 5 = -1 1
5 5–5=0 0
3 3 – 5 = -2 4
8 8 – 5 = +3 9
3 3 – 5 = -2 4
5 5–5=0 0
7 7 – 5 = +2 4
6 6 – 5 = +1 1
2 2 – 5 = -3 9
7 7 – 5 = +2 4
 ∑(X-X)2 146

Applying the formula:

Std. Dev =

146 146 2.4210

20 – 1 19
 Item Analysis

Question 1: English Test

“Can you faster than me?”
A run
B ran
C runs
D running
Item Analysis
Options A B C D Blank
High Group Marks (n=10) 7 2 0 1 0
Low Group Marks (n=10) 5 4 1 1 0

Table ___ Item Analysis for Question 1

From the analysis, 7 students from the ‘High Marks’ group and 5 students from ‘Low
Marks’ group selected ‘A’ which is the correct answer. This means that 12 out of 20 students
selected the correct answer. Also, note that all the distractors: (B,C & D) were selected by at
least one student. Another information and further analysis is as below.

The Difficulty Index

Difficulty Index Number of students with correct answer (R)

=
(p) Total number of Students who attempted the Question (T)

R 12
= = = 0.6
T 20
The Discrimination Index

Number of Students in ‘High Marks’ group (RH) with the Correct Answer

minus (-)

Number of Students in ‘Low Marks’ group (RL) with the Correct Answer

divided by (÷)

Half the Total Number of Students who Attempted the Question (½T)

RH - RL 7-5 7-5
= = = = 0.2
½T ½(20) 10
Question 2: English Test
A of kittens is sleeping in the basket.
A flock
B litter
C troupe
D collection
Item Analysis
Options A B C D Blank
High Group Marks (n=10) 2 7 1 0 0
Low Group Marks (n=10) 2 2 3 2 0

Table ___ Item Analysis for Question 2

From the analysis, 7 students from the ‘High Marks’ group and 2 students from ‘Low
Marks’ group selected ‘B’ which is the correct answer. This means that 9 out of 20 students
selected the correct answer. Also, note that all the distractors: (A,C & D) were selected by at
least one student. Another information and further analysis is as below.

The Difficulty Index

The computation of the Difficulty Index is as below:

Difficulty Index Number of students with correct answer (R)

=
(p) Total number of Students who attempted the Question (T)

R 9
= = = 0.45
T 20
The Discrimination Index

Number of Students in ‘High Marks’ group (RH) with the Correct Answer

minus (-)

Number of Students in ‘Low Marks’ group (RL) with the Correct Answer

divided by (÷)

Half the Total Number of Students who Attempted the Question (½T)

RH - RL 7-2 7-2
= = = = 0.5
½T ½(20) 10
Question 3: English Test
Iqbal and Riqwan walked in the park by .
A myself
B yourself
C ourselves
D themselves
Item Analysis
Options A B C D Blank
High Group Marks (n=10) 0 0 2 8 0
Low Group Marks (n=10) 1 3 3 3 0

Table ___ Item Analysis for Question 3

From the analysis, 8 students from the ‘High Marks’ group and 3 students from ‘Low
Marks’ group selected ‘D’ which is the correct answer. This means that 11 out of 20 students
selected the correct answer. Also, note that all the distractors: (A,B & C) were selected by at
least one student. Another information and further analysis is as below.

The Difficulty Index

The computation of the Difficulty Index is as below:

Difficulty Index Number of students with correct answer (R)

=
(p) Total number of Students who attempted the Question (T)

R 11
= = = 0.55
T 20
The Discrimination Index

Number of Students in ‘High Marks’ group (RH) with the Correct Answer

minus (-)

Number of Students in ‘Low Marks’ group (RL) with the Correct Answer

divided by (÷)

Half the Total Number of Students who Attempted the Question (½T)

RH - RL 8-3 5
= = = = 0.5
½T ½(20) 10
Question 4: English Test
That is a rabbit. likes to eat carrot.
A It
B He
C She
D They
Item Analysis
Options A B C D Blank
High Group Marks (n=10) 8 1 1 0 0
Low Group Marks (n=10) 5 2 2 1 0

Table ___ Item Analysis for Question 4

From the analysis, 8 students from the ‘High Marks’ group and 5 students from ‘Low
Marks’ group selected ‘A’ which is the correct answer. This means that 13 out of 20 students
selected the correct answer. Also, note that all the distractors: (A,C & D) were selected by at
least one student. Another information and further analysis is as below.

The Difficulty Index

The computation of the Difficulty Index is as below:

Difficulty Index Number of students with correct answer (R)

=
(p) Total number of Students who attempted the Question (T)

R 13
= = = 0.65
T 20
The Discrimination Index

Number of Students in ‘High Marks’ group (RH) with the Correct Answer

minus (-)

Number of Students in ‘Low Marks’ group (RL) with the Correct Answer

divided by (÷)

Half the Total Number of Students who Attempted the Question (½T)

RH - RL 8-5 3
= = = = 0.3
½T ½(20) 10
Question 5: English Test
Last night, I a letter to my cousin who lives in Paris.
A write
B wrote
C writes
D writing
Item Analysis
Options A B C D Blank
High Group Marks (n=10) 1 9 0 0 0
Low Group Marks (n=10) 2 1 4 3 0

Table ___ Item Analysis for Question 5

From the analysis, 9 students from the ‘High Marks’ group and 1 students from ‘Low
Marks’ group selected ‘B’ which is the correct answer. This means that 10 out of 20 students
selected the correct answer. Also, note that all the distractors: (A,C & D) were selected by at
least one student. Another information and further analysis is as below.

The Difficulty Index

The computation of the Difficulty Index is as below:

Difficulty Index Number of students with correct answer (R)

=
(p) Total number of Students who attempted the Question (T)

R 10
= = = 0.5
T 20
The Discrimination Index

Number of Students in ‘High Marks’ group (RH) with the Correct Answer

minus (-)

Number of Students in ‘Low Marks’ group (RL) with the Correct Answer

divided by (÷)

Half the Total Number of Students who Attempted the Question (½T)

RH - RL 9-1 8
= = = = 0.8
½T ½(20) 10
Question 6: English Test
Felix asked you to meet him at __________ bus terminal in __________
hour.
A a, a
B an, a
C a, the
D the, an

Item Analysis
Options A B C D Blank
High Group Marks (n=10) 3 0 1 6 0
Low Group Marks (n=10) 4 2 2 1 0

Table ___ Item Analysis for Question 6

From the analysis, 6 students from the ‘High Marks’ group and 1 students from ‘Low
Marks’ group selected ‘D’ which is the correct answer. This means that 7 out of 20 students
selected the correct answer. Also, note that all the distractors: (A,B & C) were selected by at
least one student. Another information and further analysis is as below.

The Difficulty Index

The computation of the Difficulty Index is as below:

Difficulty Index Number of students with correct answer (R)

=
(p) Total number of Students who attempted the Question (T)

R 7
= = = 0.35
T 20
The Discrimination Index

Number of Students in ‘High Marks’ group (RH) with the Correct Answer

minus (-)

Number of Students in ‘Low Marks’ group (RL) with the Correct Answer

divided by (÷)

Half the Total Number of Students who Attempted the Question (½T)

RH - RL 6-1 5
= = = = 0.5
½T ½(20) 10
Question 7: English Test
The boys were afraid when they saw the bush shaking by __________
while they were walking home from the cinema last Saturday night.
A itself
B himself
C yourself
D themselves

Item Analysis
Options A B C D Blank
High Group Marks (n=10) 5 0 2 3 0
Low Group Marks (n=10) 3 0 2 5 0

Table ___ Item Analysis for Question 7

From the analysis, 5 students from the ‘High Marks’ group and 3 students from ‘Low
Marks’ group selected ‘A’ which is the correct answer. This means that 8 out of 20 students
selected the correct answer. Also, note that the distractors: (C & D) were selected by at least
one student. Another information and further analysis is as below.

The Difficulty Index

The computation of the Difficulty Index is as below:

Difficulty Index Number of students with correct answer (R)

=
(p) Total number of Students who attempted the Question (T)

R 8
= = = 0.4
T 20
The Discrimination Index

Number of Students in ‘High Marks’ group (RH) with the Correct Answer

minus (-)

Number of Students in ‘Low Marks’ group (RL) with the Correct Answer

divided by (÷)

Half the Total Number of Students who Attempted the Question (½T)

RH - RL 5-3 2
= = = = 0.2
½T ½(20) 10
Question 8: English Test
Pak Samad sells many kinds of __________ and tidbits at reasonable __________ in his canteen.
A slacks, prices
B slacks, prices
C snacks, prizes
D snacks, prices

Item Analysis
Options A B C D Blank
High Group Marks (n=10) 2 0 5 3 0
Low Group Marks (n=10) 2 0 4 4 0

Table ___ Item Analysis for Question 2

From the analysis, 3 students from the ‘High Marks’ group and 4 students from ‘Low
Marks’ group selected ‘D’ which is the correct answer. This means that 9 out of 20 students
selected the correct answer. Also, note that the distractors: (A & C) were selected by at least
one student. Another information and further analysis is as below.

The Difficulty Index

The computation of the Difficulty Index is as below:

Difficulty Index Number of students with correct answer (R)

=
(p) Total number of Students who attempted the Question (T)

R 7
= = = 0.35
T 20
The Discrimination Index

Number of Students in ‘High Marks’ group (RH) with the Correct Answer

minus (-)

Number of Students in ‘Low Marks’ group (RL) with the Correct Answer

divided by (÷)

Half the Total Number of Students who Attempted the Question (½T)

RH - RL 3-4 -1
= = = = -0.1
½T ½(20) 10
Question 9: English Test
My classmates are happy to accept my __________ to my birthday party this weekend.
A invite
B invited
C inviting
D invitation

Item Analysis
Options A B C D Blank
High Group Marks (n=10) 2 0 3 5 0
Low Group Marks (n=10) 3 2 5 0 0

Table ___ Item Analysis for Question 9

From the analysis, 5 students from the ‘High Marks’ group and 0 students from ‘Low
Marks’ group selected ‘D’ which is the correct answer. This means that 5 out of 20 students
selected the correct answer. Also, note that all the distractors: (A,B & C) were selected by at
least one student. Another information and further analysis is as below.

The Difficulty Index

The computation of the Difficulty Index is as below:

Difficulty Index Number of students with correct answer (R)

=
(p) Total number of Students who attempted the Question (T)

R 5
= = = 0.25
T 20
The Discrimination Index

Number of Students in ‘High Marks’ group (RH) with the Correct Answer

minus (-)

Number of Students in ‘Low Marks’ group (RL) with the Correct Answer

divided by (÷)

Half the Total Number of Students who Attempted the Question (½T)

RH - RL 5-0 5
= = = = 0.5
½T ½(20) 10
Question 10: English Test
Mrs Lee bought her daughter a beautiful __________ to decorate her hair.
A hairbrush
B hairclip
C haircut
D hairdo

Item Analysis
Options A B C D Blank
High Group Marks (n=10) 2 8 0 0 0
Low Group Marks (n=10) 3 4 2 1 0

Table ___ Item Analysis for Question 2

From the analysis, 8 students from the ‘High Marks’ group and 4 students from ‘Low
Marks’ group selected ‘B’ which is the correct answer. This means that 12 out of 20 students
selected the correct answer. Also, note that all the distractors: (A,C & D) were selected by at
least one student. Another information and further analysis is as below.

The Difficulty Index

The computation of the Difficulty Index is as below:

Difficulty Index Number of students with correct answer (R)

=
(p) Total number of Students who attempted the Question (T)

R 12
= = = 0.6
T 20
The Discrimination Index

Number of Students in ‘High Marks’ group (RH) with the Correct Answer

minus (-)

Number of Students in ‘Low Marks’ group (RL) with the Correct Answer

divided by (÷)

Half the Total Number of Students who Attempted the Question (½T)

RH - RL 8-4 4
= = = = 0.4
½T ½(20) 10