+ > x 2

3
1
: % × 7
− ÷ 2
<

19 mßudj

fuu mdvu wOHhkh lsÍfuka Tng"

² mßudj hkq l=ulaoehs y÷kd .ekSug"
² mßudj uekSug Ndú; jk tall y÷kd .ekSug iy
² >klhl iy >kldNhl mßudj fiùug
yelshdj ,efí'

19'1 mßudj hkq l=ulaoehs y÷kd .ekSu

È.
;, mDIaGhla me;sÍ we;s m%udKh j¾.M,h nj Tn
bf.k f.k we;' m<,
oeka wms >k jia;j
= l mßudj hkq l=ula oehs úuid
n,uq' my; oelafjk jia;k
+ a lsym
s h i,luq'

by; oelafjk iEu jia;j= l u msyà

s ug wjldYfha hï ksYÑ
a ; bv
m%udKhla wjYH fõ' ta i|yd wjYH jk bv m%udKh tu jia;f = õ
mßudj f,i ye¢kafõ'
oeka wms >klhla iy >kldNhla i,luq'
>klhla tl iudk iup;=ri%dldr uqyqK;a 6lska
Wi
iukaú; fõ' thg tlu È.ska hq;a odr 12la we;' rEmfha
olajd we;s mßÈ tys È." m<, iy Wi iudk fõ' m<,
È.
fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 71
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3
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− ÷ 2
<
>kldNhla tl iudk RcqfldaKdi%dldr ;, mDIaG
hq., ne.ska" hq., 3lska iukaú; fõ' thg tlu È.ska Wi
hq;a odr y;r ne.ska odr 12la we;' rEmfha olajd we;s m<,
È.
mßÈ tys È." m<, yd Wi i|yd tlsfklg fjkia jQ
È.j,a ;sìh yels h'
my; rEm igykaj,ska ksrEmKh lr we;af;a >kl myls'

(a) (c) (d) (e)

(b)
s j<g i|yka l< úg" e, a,
tu >klj, mßudj wkqj tAjd wdfrdayK ms<f
b, d iy c fõ'
ls%hdldrlu 1
mshjr 1 - >kldNhl fyda >klhl fyda yevh .kakd >k jia;= 4laj;a
tl;= lr .kak'
mshjr 2 - tAjd mßudj jeä jk ms<sfj<g Tng ilia l< yels oehs
n,kak'
mshjr 3 - Tn ilia l< wkqms<sfj< ksjerÈ oehs Tfí mka;sfha
.=rejrhdf.ka úuikak'

19'2 wNsu; tall Ndú;fhka mßudj uekSu

odÿ leghla wjldYfha ,nd .kakd bv m%udKh iuÕ .fvd,la
wjldYfha ,nd .kakd bv m%udKh iei£fuka .fvd,a legfha mßudj
odÿ legfha mßudjg jvd úYd, nj myiqfjka lsj yels h'
kuq;a ms<suhla iy ,S fldghla jeks tlsfklg fjkia yev we;s
jia;=j, mßudjka tu jia;+ka foi n,d iei£ug wmyiq h' tu ksid
mßudj uekSug o tAll fhdod .; hq;= fõ' tfia Ndú; lrk tAll
fudkjd oehs úuid n,uq'
1
1
1
1 1 1
È. tall tlla jQ j¾.M,h j¾. tall mßudj >k tall
ir, f¾Ld LKavh tlla jQ iup;=ri%h tlla jQ >klh
72 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'
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3
1
: % × 7
− ÷ 2
<
me;a;l È. tall 1la jQ iup;=ri%hl j¾.M,h j¾. tall 1la f,i
f.k th j¾.M,h uekSfï tallh f,i .kqq ,efí'
me;a;l È. tall 1la jQ >klhl mßudj >k tall 1 f,i f.k th
mßudj uekSfï tallh f,i .kq ,efí'
tl iudk >kl 8la Ndú;fhka ks¾udKh lrk ,o >kldN lsysmhla
my; rEm igykaj,ska olajd we;' oeka fuu tla tla >kldNfha
mßudj fidhuq'

(a) (b) (c)

l=vd >klfha mßudj >k tall 1la f,i .ksuq' túg"
(a) rEmfha >kl 8la we;s neúka" (a) rEmfhka oelafjk >kldNfha
mßudj >k tall 8ls'
(b) rEmfha >kl 8la we;s neúka" (b) rEmfhka oelafjk >kldNfha
mßudj >k tall 8ls'
(c) rEmfha >kl 8la we;s neúka" (c) rEmfhka oelafjk >kldNfha
mßudj >k tall 8ls'
tla tla >kldNfha È." m<, iy Wi úúO w.hka jqj o" fuu
>kldNj, mßud iudk h'

19'1 wNHdih

^1& my; oelafjk tla tla >k jia;f

= õ mßudj l=vd >kl m%udKh .Kka
lsÍfuka fidhkak' tla l=vd >klhl mßudj >k tall 1la f,i
i,lkak'

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 73

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3
1
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− ÷ 2
<
²² wNsu; tall Ndú;fhka mßudj uekSu ;jÿrg;a
my; oelafjk >kldNfha mßudj ,ndf.k we;s wdldrh n,kak'

me;a;l È. tall 1la jQ l=vd >kl 12lg >kldNh

fnod we;' tla l=vd >klhl mßudj >k tall 1la
f,i .ksuq' túg >kldNfha mßudj >k tAll 12ls'
(a)

me;a;l È. tall 1la jQ l=vd >kl 96lg >kldNh

fnod we;' tla l=vd >klhl mßudj >k tall 1la
f,i .ksuq' fuys mßudj >k tAll 96ls'
(b)

fuys § wm ñkqu f,i fhdod .;a l=vd >klfha mßudj wjia:dfjka

wjia:djg fjkia nj wjfndaO lr .kak' fï wkqj" tlu >kldNfha
mßudj i|yd ixLHd;aul j tlsfklg fjkia w.hka folla ,eìKs'
fufia mßudj uekSug wNsu; tallhla Ndú; l< yels w;r" mßudj
i|yd ,efnk ixLHd;aul w.h" Ndú; l< tAllh wkqj fjkia jk
ksid mßudj i|yka lsÍfï § Ndú; l< tallh i|yka l< hq;= fõ'

19'3 mßudj uksk iïu; tall

tlu >k jia;=fõ mßudj i|yd Ndú; l< tallh wkqj úúO w.hka
,eìKs' fuu úúO;ajh u. yrjd .ekSu i|yd mßudj uekSug iïu;
tall Ndú; lrkq ,efí'
mßudj uekSug me;a;l È. 1 cm jQ >klhl mßudj 1 cm
iïu; tallh f,i Ndú; lrkq ,efí' th y÷kajkafka 1 cm
>k fikaáógr tlla f,i jk w;r" ,shkafka 1 cm3
1 cm
f,i h'

74 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

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3
1
: % × 7
− ÷ 2
<
úYd, mßudjla uekSug me;a;l È. ógr 1la jQ 1m
>klhl mßudj tAllh f,i fhdod .kq ,efí'
tys mßudj >k ógr 1la fõ' >k ógr tl ,shkq 1m
,nkafka 1 m3 f,i h'
1m
19'2 wNHdih

^1& my; § we;s >k jia;=j, mßudj >k fikaáógrj,ska fidhkak'

tla l=vd >klhl mßudj 1 cm3 f,i i,lkak'

(a) (b) (c) (d)

19'4 >kldNhl fyda >klhl mßudj fiùu i|yd ;j;a

l%uhla
me;a;l È. tall lsysmhla jQ >klhl iy >kldNhl mßudj fiùug
jvd myiq l%uhla fidhuq'
²² >kldNhl mßudj
È. tall 4la o m<, tall 3la o Wi tall 2la o jQ
>kldNhla oelafõ'
tys r;= mdáka olajd we;s fldgi >k tall 1la jQ 2
>kl 12lska hqla; fõ'
4 3
4 × 3 = 12
uq¿ >kldNh tjeks fldgia 2lska hqla; jk ksid" uq¿ >kldNh >k
tall 1la jQ >kl 24lska hqla; fõ'
4 × 3 × 2 = 24
12 × 2 = 24
tu ksid uq¿ >kldNfha mßudj >k tall = 4 × 3 × 2 = 24'
>kldNfha mßudj = È. × m<, × Wi

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 75

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3
1
: % × 7
− ÷ 2
<
²² >klhl mßudj
tla me;a;l È. tall 2la jQ >klhla fuys oelafõ'
r;= mdáka olajd we;s fldgi >k tall 1la jQ
>kl 4lska hqla; fõ' 2
2×2=4
uq¿ >klh tjeks fldgia 2lska hqla; jk ksid
2
uq¿ >klh >k tall 1la jQ >kl 8lska hqla; fõ'
2
4×2=8
tu ksid me;a;l È. tall 2la jQ >klfha mßudj >k tall = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8

2×2×2=8

>klfha mßudj = È. × m<, × Wi
= me;a;l È. × me;a;l È. × me;a;l È.
= ^me;a;l È.&3

ksoiqk 1
rEmfha oelafjk >kldNfha mßudj fidhkak'
>kldNfha È. = 6 cm
2 cm
>kldNfha m<, = 3 cm
>kldNfha Wi = 2 cm 3 cm
6 cm
>kldNfha mßudj = È. « m<, « Wi
= 6 cm × 3 cm × 2 cm
=36 cm3
ksoiqk 2

rEmfha oelafjk >klfha mßudj fidhkak' 3 cm

>klfha mßudj = È. « m<, « Wi
3 cm
= 3 cm × 3 cm × 3 cm
3 cm
= 27 cm3

76 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

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3
1
: % × 7
− ÷ 2
<
19'3 wNHdih

^1& 1 cm3 mßudjla we;s >kl 12la Ndú;fhka ielish yels >kldN
folla my; rEm igykaj,ska olajd we;'

(i) tla tla >kldNfha mßudj fidhkak'

(ii) tla tla >kldNfha È." m<, iy Wi fidhkak'
(iii) mßudj 12 cm3la jk ;j;a >kldNhl È." m<, iy Wi ,shkak'

^2& my; oelafjk >k jia;=j, mßudj .Kkh lrkak'

(i) (ii) (iii)

3 cm
4 cm 2 cm
2 cm 3 cm
2 cm 3 cm
10 cm 5 cm

(iv) (v) (vi)

4 cm 5 cm

4 cm 5 cm
4 cm 2 cm
2 cm 2 cm
3 cm

^3& >kldNdldr fmÜáhl mßudj 60 cm3 fõ' fmÜáfha È. iy m<,

ms<sfj<ska 6 cm iy 2 cm fõ kï" tys Wi .Kkh lrkak'
^4& >kldN yeve;s weiqreul È. 1'5 m o m<, 1 m o Wi 80 cm o fõ'

(i)
weiqrefï Wi ógrj,ska fidhkak' 80 cm
(ii) weiqrefï mßudj >k ógrj,ska fidhkak'
1.5 m
1m

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 77

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3
1
: % × 7
− ÷ 2
<
^5& È. 3 cm jQ o m<, 3 cm jQ o Wi 1 cm jQ o .sks
fmÜáhla rEmfha oelafõ' 1 cm
3c
m m
(i) fuu .sks fmÜáfha mßudj fidhkak' 3c

(ii) fuu .sks fmÜá 12la" weiqreula ;=< .sksfmÜá 4 ne.ska ;Ügq
3la ,efnk fia wvx.= lr we;' fuu .sks fmÜá 12la wvx.=
weiqrefuys È." m<, iy Wi fidhkak'
(iii) fuu weiqrefï mßudj 108 cm3 nj fmkajkak'

19'5 mßudj ksudkh

inka leghl È." m<, iy Wi ms<sfj<ska 8 cm, 5 cm iy 3 cm fõ' §
we;s fmÜáfha Wmßu jYfhka tjeks inka leg 92la weisßh yels h'
tu fmÜáfha mßudj ksudkh lrkak'

5
3
8

inka leghl mßudj wdikak jYfhka 8 × 5 × 3 cm3, tkï 120 cm3 fõ'
tu ksid fmÜáfha mßudj wdikak jYfhka 120 × 92 cm3 fõ' tkï"
11 040 cm3 fõ'

19'4 wNHdih

^1& w÷re lr olajd we;s >kldNdldr fldgfia mßudj
16 cm3la muK fõ' iïmQ¾K >kldNfha mßudj ksudkh
lrkak'

78 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h'

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3
1
: % × 7
− ÷ 2
<
^2& È. 5 cmo m<, 3 cm o Wi 1 cm o jQ .sks fmÜáhla rEmfha mßÈ
fmÜáhl wiqrd we;' fmÜáfha mßudj ksudkh lrkak'

1 cm
5 cm 3 cm

idrdxYh
²² >k jia;=jl mßudj hkq tu >k jia;=j wjldYfha .kakd bv
m%udKhhs'
²² mßudj uekSug wNsu; tall Ndú; l< yels h' mßudj i|yka
lsÍfï § tallh i|yka l< hq;= h'
²² mßudj uekSug iïu; tAllhla f,i me;a;l È. 1 cm jQ >klhla
fhdod .kq ,efí'
²² >k fikaáógr (cm3) iy >k ógr (m3) mßudj uksk iïu; tAll
folls'
²² s j<ska tAll a, tAll b iy tAll c jQ >kldNhl
È." m<, iy Wi ms<f
mßudj >k tAll a × b × c fõ' tkï" >k tAll abc fõ'
²² me;a;l È. tAll a jQ >klhl mßudj >k tAll a3 fõ'

fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu i|yd h' 79