CAUSE AND EFFECT

A MID PAPER GENERAL ENGLISH 2

Submitted to the Politeknik Pos Indonesia Bandung As a Partial Fulfillment of
Requitments for Task General English I
Diploma 4 Business Logistics Department Bachelor Study Program

Lecturer:
Mr. Satria Raditiyanto, S.Hum.,M.Hum.

Compiled By:
Dewinda Lela Yuniar
NPM 6184167
D4 Business Logistics IE

POLITEKNIK POS INDONESIA

2019
 FOREWORD

First of all, thanks to Allah SWT because of the help of Allah, writer finished writing the paper
entitled “Simple Present Tenses” right in the calculated time.

The purpose in writing this paper is to fulfill the assignment that given by Mr. Satria Raditiyanto
as lecturer in Politeknik Pos Indonesia

in arranging this paper, the writer trully get lots challenges and obstructions but with help of many
indiviuals, those obstructions could passed. writer also realized there are still many mistakes in
process of writing this paper.
because of that, the writer says thank you to all individuals who helps in the process of writing this
paper. hopefully allah replies all helps and bless you all.the writer realized tha this paper still
imperfect in arrangment and the content. then the writer hope the criticism from the readers can
help the writer in perfecting the next paper.last but not the least Hopefully, this paper can helps
the readers to gain more knowledge about samantics major.

Bandung, 9 April 2019

 Abstract:

Learning English is not difficult but not easy. We need process to understand it well. Many
people say that If you want to Speak English just say it, do not pay attention to structure or
grammar. This opinion is totally wrong because grammar is needed and when you want to say
something especially English, you need to deliver message in order the listener understand what
you say especially to the native speaker. English needs patterns and we have to master it, and
many conditions make us to speak English even though we don’t have any basic of it. This
written text helps you to solve your problems in English and hope that you can speak English
well.
Key Words : Problem Solving, English
Table of Contents

FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................... 2
Abstract: ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................................................... 5
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 5
1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Problem Formulations ........................................................................................................................ 5
1.3 Objective ............................................................................................................................................. 5
CHAPTER II .................................................................................................................................................... 6
CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Cause and Effect ....................................................................................................................................... 6
Generic Structure ...................................................................................................................................... 6
Language Form.......................................................................................................................................... 6
Cause and effect with Adjective Clauses .................................................................................................. 7
Cause and Effect with Adverb Clause ....................................................................................................... 7
Cause and Effect with Noun Clauses......................................................................................................... 7
Examples of paragraphs Cause and Effect ................................................................................................ 8
CHAPTER III ................................................................................................................................................... 9
CLOSING ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
3.1 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 9
3.2 Suggestion ........................................................................................................................................... 9
Reference .................................................................................................................................................... 10
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Cause and effect text is a type of paragraph that contains the analysis of the author's cause
and effect. This paragraph begins with the causes described at the beginning of the sentence and
then drawn into one general conclusion which is a result of the causes described above.

Cause and effect is a common way to organize information in a text. Paragraph structured
as cause and effect explain reason why something happened or the effects of something. These
paragraph can be ordered as cause and effect or as effects and then causes. The cause and effect
text structure is generally used in expository and persuasuve writing modes.

This paragraph cause and effect model is often used in essay writing and text explanation.
This is because this model is considered to have a clear and structured flow of ideas, so that readers
easily understand when reading it.

1.2 Problem Formulations

1. How to arrange cause effects using adjective clauses ?

2. How to arrange cause effects using adverb clauses ?

3. How to arrange cause effects noun clauses ?

4. How are the examples of cause and effect ?

1.3 Objective

The formulation of the problem that can be drown from this discussion is:

1. Explaining about cause and effects with adjective clauses

2. Explaining about cause and effects with adverb clauses

3. Explaining about cause and effects with noun clauses

4. Give the example of cause and effects

 CHAPTER II

CONTENTS

Cause and Effect

Like the meaning of the Indonesian language, cause-effect is a concept that describes the
relationship of two or more situations that cause each other and are caused by one another. " Cause
" tells about why something happened, and " effect " talked about what happened.

Many English words are used to connect " cause " and " effect ". Some of these
conjunctions include " because (of) " and " when " which can be placed in front of or in the middle
of a written sentence or conversation, as well as " so " and " therefore / as a result (of) " that can
be placed in the middle of a sentence, and many more.The conjunction " and " can also be used to
connect between two or more " causes " or " effects ".

Generic Structure

The cause and effect paragraph has the following generic structure:

1. Have a main idea on the topic of the sentence which will be discussed in the whole
paragraph.
2. Has supporting details or supporting sentences in the form of causes.
3. Ended with concluding sentences or conclusions in the form of consequences.

Language Form

The cause and effect paragraph has the language style as below.

1. Using tenses that are related to the context of time in a sentence, in other words, can be in
the form of past tense, present tense, or future tense.
2. Many use verbs or verbs in active and passive sentences.
3. Using transitions like, due, because, consequently, as a result , and causes .
4. Using third person points of view.
Cause and effect with Adjective Clauses

Adjective clause modify nouns or pronouns. An adjective clause nearly always appears
immediately following the noun or pronoun.

The test for asjective clauses there are a couple of questions tha you can ask. Which one?
What kind? Most adjective clauses begin with “who”,”whom”,”which”, or “that”. Sometimes the
word may be understood. The words “that” or “who”, for example, might not specifically be in the
sentence, but they could be implied. To determine the subject of a clause ask “who?” or “what?”
and the insert the verb.

Example : he book that is on the floor should be returned the library.

Occasionally, an adjective clause is introduces by relative adverb, ususally “when”, “where”, or

“why.”

Example : home is the place where you relax.

Cause and Effect with Adverb Clause

Adverb clauses usually modify verbs, in which case they may appear anywhere in sentence.
They tell why, where, under what conditions, or to what degree the action occurred or situation
existed. Unlike adjective clauses, they are frequently movable within the sentence.

Example : when the timer rings, we know the cake is done. Or we know the cake is done when the
timer rings.

Adverb clause always begin with a subordinating conjunction. Subordinating conjunctions

introduce clause and express their relation to the rest of the sentence.

Cause and Effect with Noun Clauses

Noun clauses are not modifiers, so they are not subordinators like adjectives and adverb,
and they cannot stand alone. They must funcion within another sntence pattern, always as nouns.
A noun clause functions as a subject, subject complement, direct object, or object of a preposition.

A noun clause usually begins with a relative pronoun like “that”, “which”, ”who”.
“whoever”, “whomever”, “whose”, “what”, and “whatsoever”. It can also begin with the
subordinating conjuctions “how”, “when”, “where”, “whether”, and “why”.

Example : whoever wins the game will play in te tournament.

Examples of paragraphs Cause and Effect

Paragraph Cause and Effect 1

Drought which is happened this year is very long. Event, there is almost no rain in the last two
months. Moreover, with a very hot weather it is a flying away. In addition, the water that is stored
in the irrigation can't be found anymore, so that there is a flowing the farmers' rice. As a result,
they experience failure in harvesting because they are planted or not caused by this drought.

Paragraph Cause and Effect 2

Alcoholic drinking is very dangerous for our health. There are lots of problems caused by
dangerous fluid. First, it can cause a swell in our liver. This is because it can trigger extra hard
filter, the fluid becomes swollen because it contains so much fluid. Secondly, alcoholic drinking
damages the human brain. It will decrease the function of alcohol addict's brain, so it increases the
risk of depression and frustration. If this happens, there will be a change in behavior on the
alcoholic, even they can be mad. Then, alcohol also decreases the functions of our senses. One is
our eye is absolutely can be blind because of alcohol. In addition, this drink can also speed up
menopause in women because it decreases the function of reproductive organs in women, so that
they will get menopause sooner than the period in general. Last, it is also able to cause defects in
the fetus. Alcohol, which is the body of pregnant women also has an impact on their baby, so that
they will be born with disabilities. Therefore, the circulation of alcoholic drinking is prohibited in
Indonesia.
 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion

Cause and effect is a common way to organize information in a text. Paragraph structured
as cause and effect explain reason why something happened or the effects of something. These
paragraph can be ordered as cause and effect or as effects and then causes. The cause and effect
text structure is generally used in expository and persuasuve writing modes.

3.2 Suggestion

Students must learn about cause and effect because the material is not only in English
language lessons but also in Indonesian language lessons. Cause and effect can also be included
in daily life because we have to recognize cause and effect to be able to solve problems.. The
students also must try to practice so that can understand.
 Reference
The reference of this paper is from Mr. Satria’s book with the tittle ‘General English 2 Part 1 Handout’
https://www.caramudahbelajarbahasainggris.net/2015/07/pengertian-struktur-dan-contoh-cause-and-
effect-dalam-bahasa-inggris.html
https://www.sederet.com/tutorial/apa-itu-cause-effect/
https://www.sederet.com/tutorial/penggunaan-cause-and-effect-sentences-dalam-bahasa-inggris/