THE BASIC CONCEPTS

OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY

1
Contents
Contents............................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER ONE: What is a PC?.........................................................3
Operating System ........................................................................................4
GUI – Graphic User Interface ........................................................................5
Multi-tasking ................................................................................................5
What is a bit? or What is a Byte? .................................................................5
How big is My File? KB, MB, GB ....................................................................5
CHAPTER 2: Hardware...................................................................7
The System Unit...........................................................................................7
Motherboard ................................................................................................7
Basic PC Components ..................................................................................8
AGP (Video Adapter) ....................................................................................9
Hard Drive (C: Drive) ...................................................................................9
PCI BUS ......................................................................................................10
CPU or Central Processor Unit ....................................................................10
Microprocessor History ..............................................................................10
Intel’s Core 2..............................................................................................12
DVD ROM Drive ..........................................................................................13
DVD RW Drive (Burner) ..............................................................................13
DVD+RW Disc ............................................................................................13
LCD Monitor or Display ..............................................................................14
CHAPTER 3: Memory...................................................................15
Read-Only Memory (ROM) .........................................................................15
Random-Access Memory (RAM) .................................................................15
CHAPTER 4: Peripherals..............................................................17
Printers ......................................................................................................19
Scanners ....................................................................................................19
Modem .......................................................................................................20
Flash Drive .................................................................................................20
CHAPTER 5: The Basics................................................................21
Let’s Turn if On ..........................................................................................21
Do not turn it off! .......................................................................................22
CHAPTER 6: The Keyboard...........................................................23
Basic Keys ..................................................................................................23
CHAPTER 7: The Mouse...............................................................25
Pointing the Mouse ....................................................................................26
The Mouse Click .........................................................................................26
Dragging ....................................................................................................27
Double-click ...............................................................................................27
Right Button ...............................................................................................27
Scroll Wheel/Button ...................................................................................27
.................................................................................................. 27
Mouse Tip for Seniors ................................................................................28
Are You Left Handed? ................................................................................28

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 Exercise 1 ..................................................................................................28
Practice your mouse skills on the Internet .................................................29
Chapter 8: Glossary....................................................................30
FAQ ............................................................................................................31
How do I change pointers? ........................................................................31
Why are there multiple different versions of XP? ......................................31
Should I Upgrade to Vista? .........................................................................31
Chapter 9: Quiz ..........................................................................32

CHAPTER ONE: What is a PC?

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The first mass marketed PC was the IBM-PC which appears way back in 1981.
The acronym PC was coined for ―Personal Computer. The term PC
compatible related to compatible PC’s from other manufactures that made
PC’s which ran the same software at the IBM-PC. The first PC’s used an
operating system called DOS (Disk Operating System) which was
development by Microsoft. Today, Microsoft Windows is the pre-dominate
operating system for most PC’s.

Operating System

An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS) is the software component

of a computer system that is responsible for the management and
coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of the computer.
The operating system acts as a host for application programs that are run on
the machine. As a host, one of the purposes of an operating system is to
handle the details of the operation of the hardware. This relieves application
programs from having to manage these details and makes it easier to write
applications. Almost all computers, including hand-held computers, desktop
computers, supercomputers, and even modern video game consoles, use an
operating system of some type.

4
1The Windows Operating System lets you talk to the computer through a
device called a Mouse and Keyboard.

GUI – Graphic User Interface

A graphical user interface (GUI) is a type of user interface which allows

people to interact with electronic devices like computers, hand-held devices
(MP3 Players, Portable Media Players, gaming devices), household appliances
and office equipment. A GUI offers graphical icons, and visual indicators as
opposed to text-based interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation
to fully represent the information and actions available to a user. The actions
are usually performed through direct manipulation of the graphical elements.
In 1984, the Macintosh 128K was the first mass produces computer to have a
GUI interface and mouse. Prior to that time, very few computers have even
seen a mouse.

Multi-tasking

Multi-tasking is a method by which multiple tasks, also known as processes,

share common processing resources such as a CPU. In the case of a
computer with a single CPU, only one task is said to be running at any point
in time, meaning that the CPU is actively executing instructions for that task.
Multitasking solves the problem by scheduling which task may be the one
running at any given time, and when another waiting task gets a turn.

What is a bit? or What is a Byte?

In computer memory terms, the definition of a byte is a collection of eight

bits. Unlike a bit that can hold the value of zero or one, a byte of memory
can hold a value from 0-255. On many computer systems, the Byte is the
small unit of memory. With 0-255 combinations to work with, this can easy
represent all the numbers and letters in the English alphabet. The method of
coding that is most popular on PC architecture is known as ASCII (American
Standard Code of Information Interchange). For example: 01100001 binary
represent a lower case ―a‖ in the ASCII system.

How big is My File? KB, MB, GB

A kilobyte (KB) is 1,024 bytes, not one thousand bytes as might be expected.
This odd number results from the fact that computers use binary (base two)
math, instead of a decimal (base ten) system.

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Computer storage and memory is often measured in megabytes (MB). A
medium-sized novel contains about 1MB of information. 1MB is 1,024
kilobytes, or 1,048,576 (1024x1024) bytes, not one million bytes. Again, this
number results from the fact that computers use binary math.

Unit Abb. Size Equivalent

Bit 1 bit
Byte 8 bits 1 text character
Kilobyte K 1,025 bytes 1 page of text
Megabyt MB 1,048,576 A novel
e bytes
Gigabyte GB 1,024 An encyclopaedia
Megabytes

Terabyte (TB) is 1,024GB; 1TB is about the same amount of information as

all of the books in a large library, or roughly 1,610 CDs worth of data.

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 CHAPTER 2: Hardware

The System Unit

Motherboard

The motherboard is the most important part of the computer. It is the circuit
board where all of the computer's components are linked together.
On the motherboard is the CPU or central processor unit. The CPU is the
heart of the computer. It also has the slots for RAM memory and additional
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PCI slot for upgrading your computer such as graphic adapter, sound
adapter, modem, firewire for video transfer, TV card, etc. There is a wide
range of device that can be added to the motherboard.

A PC is a general purpose tool built around a microprocessor. It has lots of

different parts -- memory, a hard disk, a modem, etc. -- that work together.
"General purpose" means that you can do many different things with a PC.
You can use it to type documents, send e-mail, browse the Internet and play
games.

Basic PC Components

Let's take a look at the main components of a typical desktop computer.

Beside the motherboard, you have additional components need to complete
the system unit. These include, power supply, CPU Fan, Graphic card, PCI
bus, hard drive, floppy disk drive and CD/DVD drive.

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AGP (Video Adapter)

Accelerated Graphics Port (also called Advanced Graphics Port, often

shortened to AGP) is a high-speed system for attaching a graphics card to a
computer's motherboard, primarily used to accelerate 3D graphics.

Hard Drive (C: Drive)

The HDD (Hard Disk Drive) is a non-volatile memory storage device which
store data magnetically on the fast moving rigid platter. Today’s HDD are a
sealed unit capable of storing several hundred Gigi-Bytes of data. A typical
storage size for a hard drive is 160GB to 500GB. The hard disk is located
inside the CPU and is similar to a floppy disk.

The only differences are it cannot be removed. The HDD should have
enough memory to stores all of the programs, data and files on the computer
system. The Hard Drive is like a file cabinet. The Hard Drive stores all of the
software on your system.

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PCI BUS

Peripheral Component Interconnect Bus - The most common way to connect

additional components to the computer, PCI uses a series of slots on the
motherboard that PCI cards plug into.

CPU or Central Processor Unit

A microprocessor -also known as a CPU or central processing unit. It is a

complete computation engine that is fabricated on a single chip. The first
microprocessor was the Intel 4004, introduced in 1971. The 4004 was not
very powerful -- all it could do was add and subtract, and it could only do
that 4 bits at a time. But it was amazing that everything was on one chip.

Microprocessor History

The first microprocessor to make it into a home computer was the Intel 8080,
a complete 8-bit computer on one chip, introduced in 1974. The first
microprocessor to make a real splash in the market was the Intel 8088,
introduced in 1979 and incorporated into the IBM PC (which first appeared

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around 1982). If you are familiar with the PC market and its history, you
know that the PC market moved from the 8088 to the 80286 to the 80386 to
the 80486 to the Pentium to the Pentium II to the Pentium III to the Pentium
4. All of these microprocessors are made by Intel and all of them are
improvements on the basic design of the 8088. The Pentium 4 can execute
any piece of code that ran on the original 8088, but it does it about 5,000
times faster! The following table helps you to understand the differences
between the different processors that Intel has introduced over the years.

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Name Dat Transist Micro Clock Data width
e ors ns speed
8080 197 6,000 6 2 MHz 8 bits
4
8088 197 29,000 3 5 MHz 16 bits, 8-bit bus
9
80286 198 134,000 1.5 6 MHz 16 bits
2
80386 198 275,000 1.5 16 MHz 32 bits
5
80486 198 1,200,0 1 25 MHz 32 bits
9 00
Pentium 199 3,100,0 0.8 60 MHz 32 bits, 64-bit bus
3 00
Pentium 199 7,500,0 0.35 233 MHz 32 bits, 64-bit bus
II 7 00
Pentium 199 9,500,0 0.25 450 MHz 32 bits, 64-bit bus
III 9 00
Pentium 200 42,000,0 0.18 1.5 GHz 32 bits, 64-bit bus
4 0 00

Intel’s Core 2

The Core 2 brand refers to a range of Intel's consumer 64-bit dual-core and
2x2 MCM quad-core CPUs with the x86-64 instruction set, based on the Intel
Core micro-architecture, The Core 2 micro-architecture returned to lower
clock speeds and improved processors' usage of both available clock cycles
and power compared with preceding Net-Burst of the Pentium 4/D-branded
CPUs.[ The Core 2 brand was introduced on July 27, 2006 comprising the Solo
(single-core), Duo (dual-core), Quad (quad-core), and Extreme (dual- or
quad-core CPUs for enthusiasts) branches, during 2007.

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DVD ROM Drive

The DVD also known as "Digital Versatile Disc" or "Digital Video Disc". The
ROM is short for Read Only Memory. Most DVDs are of the same dimensions
as compact discs (CDs) but store more than six times as much data (4.7GB).
This type of drive can only read CD or DVD disc. To be able to write onto a
blank CD or DVD, you need a ―Burner drive. The main function of the DVD
ROM is you load or run additional program applications on your system.

DVD RW Drive (Burner)

Short for DVD-Rewritable, a re-recordable DVD format similar to CD-RW or

DVD+RW. A DVD Burner is able to write (burn) data on a DVD-RW disc which
can be erased and recorded over numerous times without damaging the
medium. A DVD-R or +R disc can only be burned once. Most computers will
come with a DVD/CD burner, which will allow you to burn both CD and DVD
format. With a burn you can backup your hard drive, create picture slide
show or even DVD movies.

DVD+RW Disc

DVD-RW disc is a rewritable optical disc with equal storage capacity to a

DVD-R and DVD+R, typically 4.7 GB. The format was developed by Pioneer in
November 1999 and has been approved by the DVD Forum. However, they
are less popular for computer use than DVD-R or DVD+R discs, because they
are not suitable for permanent backup files (because non-rewritable media is
significantly cheaper).

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LCD Monitor or Display

(Liquid Crystal Display) monitors are becoming hot items as prices drop and
technology improves. If you haven’t made the leap from your old CRT
(Cathode Ray Tube) screen yet, or you plan on upgrading your monitor
anytime soon, this is for you.
In shopping for a monitor, you should purchase the largest screen you can
afford. A good monitor can last much longer than the Desktop PC. I would
start with a 19 screen or larger.

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 CHAPTER 3: Memory
Memory is the internal storage areas in the computer. The term identifies
data storage that comes in the form of chips, and the word storage is used
for the memory that exists on tapes or disks. Moreover, the term memory is
usually used as shorthand for physical memory, which refers to the actual
chips capable of holding data. Therefore, memory is both hardware and
software.

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

ROM is computer memory on which data has been pre-recorded. Once data
has been written on a ROM chip, it cannot be removed and can only be read.
ROM retains its contents even when the computer is turned off. ROM is
referred to as being non-volatile. Most personal computers contain a small
amount of ROM that stores critical programs such as the program that boots
the computer. In addition, ROM is used extensively in calculators and
peripheral devices such as laser printers, whose fonts are often stored in
ROM.

Random-Access Memory (RAM)

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RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of memory that can be accessed
randomly and is the most common type of memory found in computers and
other devices, such as printers RAM in the PC is temporary because it forgets
everything when the computer is off. Programs are transferred here when
you want to use a specific program or create or change data files, pictures,
etc.
Again when you are finished you must save you work back to the hard disk in
order to preserve the changes.

o The Windows Operating System runs faster with more RAM.

o When an application doesn’t have enough RAM, it swaps from
the Hard Drive.
This is known as ―Virtual Memory.
1

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CHAPTER 4: Peripherals

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18
Any hardware device that is attached to your PC is known as Peripherals.

Printers

The two common printer types are Inkjet and Laser. Inkjet is the most
common type of computer printer for the general consumer due to their low
cost, high quality of output, capability of printing in vivid colour, and ease of
use. The more expensive option for colour printing is a colour laser printer.
They create high quality colour graphics and photos, as well as sharp text, all
at significantly faster rates: 25-35 pages per minute (ppm) for text and 5-25
ppm for graphics.

There's a hefty price attached since colour lasers. Another popular printer is
the All-In-One or Multifunction printer which combine printing, scanning,
copying and faxing all in one machine. These printers are cheaper than
buying separate stand-alone devices, take up less space and need only one
connector cable and one power outlet. One disadvantage is that if your
printer stops working, so does your fax, scanner or copier.

Scanners

A scanner is a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting,

or an object, and converts it to a digital image. Common examples found in
offices are variations of the desktop (or flatbed) scanner where the

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document is placed on a glass window for scanning. Many scanners also
double as a copier and fax machine. Some can even act as a printer. These
are called all-in-one printers (scan, fax, copy, email).

Modem

Short for modulator-demodulator. A modem is a device or program that

enables a computer to transmit data over, for example, telephone or cable
lines. Computer information is stored digitally, whereas information
transmitted over telephone lines is transmitted in the form of analogue
waves. Common use of a Modem is to connect to the Internet.

Note: For high speed connection, your Internet provider will usually install
the proper modem that will work will their service.

Flash Drive

A Flash drive is a storage device that uses flash memory rather than
conventional spinning platters to store data. Unlike USB flash drives and
memory cards, flash drives tend to physically imitate conventional hard
drives in size, shape, and interface so that they may act as a replacement for
hard drives. With nothing being mechanically driven in a flash drive, the
name may be seen as a misnomer.

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 CHAPTER 5: The Basics

Nowadays there is great variety of operating systems, such as Windows

Vista, Windows XP, Windows NT, Linux, etc. We are going to work with
Microsoft’s Windows XP and Vista operating systems. The operating system
is indispensable for the computer; without it the computer could not work.

The main function of any operating system is being an intermediary between

us and the physical parts of the computer (screen, keyboard, hard disk,
printer,...), making it easier to handle. For example, there is no need for us to
know exactly in what part of the hard disk we have saved a certain
document we created, the operating systems takes care of it.

Let’s Turn if On

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All computers will have devices (peripherals) attached to it that should be
switched on before you switch the Base Unit on. You should switch these on
first so that the system will recognize them as it progresses through the
―Boot-Up process. Usually these peripheral include monitor, printer,
scanners, etc.

Do not turn it off!

NEVER just turn the power switch OFF on base unit. You must do the proper
―Shut-Down‖ from the Windows Start Menu. We will cover this in the
Windows section.

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 CHAPTER 6: The Keyboard

The arrangement of characters on a QWERTY keyboard was designed in

1868 by Christopher Sholes, the inventor of the typewriter. According to
popular myth, Sholes arranged the keys in their odd fashion to prevent
jamming on mechanical typewriters by separating commonly used letter
combinations.

Basic Keys

Enter – completes and action or creates a new paragraph in text editing.

Move the cursor down one line to add extra space between paragraphs.
Confirm entry into a test form.
Space Bar – blank spaces
Caps Lock – lock the keyboard in upper case letters.
Shift – Upper case letter or symbols (!@#$%^&*()_+)
Arrow Keys Moves the cursor up, down, left or right in text editing mode.
There are two sets of arrows. The second set is on the numeric keypad when
Num Lock is off.
Numeric Keypad When Num Lock is on, this act as a numeric key pad for
inputting numbers. When Num Lock is off, the keypad move the text cursor.
Home move the cursor to the beginning of the line. End – move the cursor to
the end of line.
Page Up – moves the page up.
Page Dn – moves the page down.

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DEL or DELETE - Deletes the character at cursor and/or characters to the
right of the cursor and all highlighted (or selected) text.
BKSP or BACKSPACE - Deletes the character to the left of cursor and all
highlighted text.
TAB - Moves the cursor five spaces to the right (number of spaces are
usually adjustable). Tab moves to the next field in a form or table (Shift-Tab
for previous field).
ARROW KEYS - Moves the cursor around document without changing text
Control Key Ctrl – control key is used in conjunction with other keys to
perform a special operation.
Window Key

– Window shortcuts :Displays the Start Menu

+ E – opens Windows Explorer (Computer)

+ D – toggles between minimize and restore.
Alt key – another command modifiers similar to the Ctrl key.
Ctrl + Home – go to the beginning of the document
Ctrl+End - go to the end of the document
Alt + F4 – close a windows Function Keys – Shortcut command.
F1 will open a Help menu in most programs. Other software may use this key
differently. Print Screen - Sends the current screen to the printer. Ctrl+Prt
Scrn – capture the current screen to the clipboard.

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 CHAPTER 7: The Mouse

The standard mouse for Windows XP is a 3 button mouse. For the right-
handed person, the left button is the main button. This can be reversed for
left-handed individuals.

The left button is the most used because with it we select objects, drag and
drop, open, close programs, etc.

The middle button or the scroll wheel is used to scroll up and down.
Sometimes for it to take effect we need to click on what we want to scroll up
and down. The right button is used to open the shortcut or alternate menu,
depending on what you click on, the functions of the menu displayed varies.

25
Pointing the Mouse

When you point with the mouse, you should always remember that the tip of
the arrow is the spot at which you are pointing.

The Mouse Click

For a right-handed individual, the left mouse button is the main button to use
in the Windows operating system. This is the most used button to select
items from a menu and launch programs. Typical thing to click on are:
command button, menu, icons, radio button and hypertext.

26
Dragging

Dragging is used to select several objects at the same time. To Drag, you
simply hold down left button down while you are move the mouse pointer.

When you let go of the mouse button, this is called a Drop. Thus the term,
“Drag and Drop”. This is an important concept you muse master in
performing many Windows task.

Double-click

This is used to execute the desired programs associated with the icons.
Mouse Over: Sometime additional information about the button or icon will
appear simply by positioning the mouse over it with no clicking.

Right Button

Additional option menu will appear. This is context sensitive which means a
different menu will appear based on what you click on.

Scroll Wheel/Button

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The middle scroll button functions in two ways. As a wheel you can scroll up
and down a page by rolling to button up or down. The second method is to
click on it like a button. This will create the Anchor on your page. Click the
Scroll Button the place the anchor on the page. Move the mouse up or down
away from the Anchor will cause the page to scroll up or down.

Mouse Tip for Seniors

Rest the heel of your hand on the table in front of the mouse. Hold the
mouse between thumb and ring and little fingers. Use only the thumb and
the fourth fingers to move the body of the mouse.

Are You Left Handed?

11. Click on the Start Button

22. Slide the mouse cursor to Settings and click once with the left mouse
button
13. Slide the mouse cursor over to Control Panel and click once with the left
mouse button
24. Gently and quickly click twice with the left mouse button on the Mouse
icon.
35. Select left-handed from the Mouse Properties pop-up window.

Exercise 1

28
Selecting and De-Selecting
11. Click on any desktop icon.
22. Watch the colour change.
33. Click on an open area of the desktop
44. Watch the colour change back.
55. Repeat Step 1 to 4 for all icons.

Practice your mouse skills on the Internet

http://www.mouseprogram.com/
http://www.pbclibrary.org/mousing/intro.htm
http://www.seniornet.org/howto/mouseexercises/dragpractice1.html
http://www.instruction.greenriver.edu/Avery/activities/mouse/MouseSkills.ht
m

Dragging (Move an Icon)

11. Click on one of the desktop icons and hold the left button.
22. Move the mouse to a different location.
33. Release the mouse button.

29
 Chapter 8: Glossary
Central processing unit (CPU) - The microprocessor "brain" of the
computer system is called the central processing unit. Everything that a
computer does is overseen by the CPU. Current CPU Technology uses
multiply cores or CPU’s in the same chip. Intel’s Core 2 Quad Processor is the
latest.
Memory - This is very fast storage used to hold data. It has to be fast
because it connects directly to the microprocessor. There are several specific
types of memory in a computer:
RAM – (Random-Access Memory ) Used to temporarily store information that
the computer is currently working with. The word RAM is mostly associated
with volatile types of memory (such as DRAM memory modules), where the
information is lost after the power is switched off. However, many other
types of memory are RAM as well (i.e. Random Access Memory), including
most types of ROM and a kind of flash memory called NOR-Flash. For
Windows Vista, a RAM of at least 4GB preferred.
ROM - (Read-only memory), A permanent type of memory storage used
by the computer for important data that does not change
BIOS - (Basic input/output system) - A type of ROM that is used by the
computer to establish basic communication when the computer is first
turned on. Caching or Cache - The storing of frequently used data in
extremely fast RAM that connects directly to the CPU
DOS, for "Disk Operating System", is a shorthand term for a family of
closely related operating systems that dominated the IBM PC compatible
market between 1981 and 1995, or until about 2000 if one includes DOS-
based Microsoft Windows versions (Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows
ME).
Flash Memory is non-volatile computer memory that can be electrically
erased and reprogrammed. It is a technology that is primarily used in
memory cards and USB flash drives for general storage and transfer of data
between computers and other digital products Virtual memory - Space on a
hard disk used to temporarily store data and swap it in and out of RAM as
needed
Motherboard - This is the main circuit board that all of the other internal
components connect to. The CPU and memory are usually on the

30
motherboard. Other systems may be found directly on the motherboard or
connected to it through a secondary connection. For example, a sound card
can be built into the motherboard or connected through PCI.
Power Supply - An electrical transformer regulates the electricity used by
the computer. Hard disk - This is large-capacity permanent storage used to
hold information such as programs and documents.
ID 10 T Error - Popular among cell phone company employees (as the term
also sounds similar to a phone model number). If the person called an ID 10-
T doesn't understand, they further prove the name caller's point. Often used
in the context of user error. Question: "What is wrong with my phone?"
Answer: "It must be the ID 10-T error." (―IDIOT‖)
Operating system - This is the basic software that allows the user to
interface with the computer.
IDE – (Integrated Drive Electronics Controller) - This is the primary
interface for the hard drive, CD-ROM and floppy disk drive.
AGP - Accelerated Graphics Port is a very high-speed connection used by
the graphics card to interface with the computer.
Sound card - This is used by the computer to record and play audio by
converting analogue sound into digital information and back again.
Graphics card - This translates image data from the computer into a format
that can be displayed by the monitor.

FAQ

How do I change pointers?

You can change pointer schemes by opening the Mouse Properties dialog box
at the Pointers tab. Click Start, point to Settings, click Control Panel, double-
click Mouse, and then click the Pointers tab.

Why are there multiple different versions of XP?

XP will initially be released in two different versions: Windows XP Professional
(for businesses) and Windows XP Home Edition (for consumers.) Although the
kernel for both operating systems are the same, the Home Edition is a
stripped down version of the Professional version. Its main focus is the
consumer home PC market, and it is designed to be easier to use. Much of its
interface assumes that you have a full time internet connection and that
your primary online activities are browsing, e-mail, instant messaging,
listening to MP3 and online music, and sharing photos and other digital
media on the web. XP Professional is designed for business
and advanced home users who need security and enhanced networking
capabilities.

Should I Upgrade to Vista?

31
For most people, the short answer is "no," unless you're buying a new
computer. For starters, there are critical issues with Vista, and the lack of
drivers for many system components is a big problem with making the
computer work. Buying a new computer with Vista pre-installed should avoid
the second problem. Also, Vista requires a faster CPU and more RAM than
XP. There your hardware may have to be updated before you can upgrade to
Vista.

Chapter 9: Quiz
11) Which type of computer is the most powerful?
2a. Mainframe
3b. Portable
4c. Handheld
5d. Desktop
6e. Laptop

12) Which of these is Hardware?

2a. CPU
3b. Keyboard
4c. Mouse
5d. CD ROM
6e. Windows Vista
7f. Microsoft Word

13) Which of these is Software?

2a. CPU
3b. Keyboard
4c. Mouse
5d. Microsoft Windows
6e. Norton’s Anti-Virus
7f. Computer Virus

32
14) Which of these affect the speed of the computer?
2a. Larger hard drive
3b. Increase the RAM
1c. Size of the System Unit
2d. Speed of the CPU
3e. Wireless Keyboard

15) What happened to RAM memory when the computer is turn off?
2a. It saves your files.
3b. Your files are deleted.
4c. It is volatile.
5d. Much faster that the hard drive.

1
26) How many bits are in a byte?
3a. 1
4b. 8
5c. 16

17) All data you create is stored on permanently your:

2a. RAM
3b. ROM
4c. Hard Drive
5d. Flash Drive
6e. Personal Folder

18) Which of the following are input device?

2a. Mouse
3b. Printer
4c. Speaker
5d. Keyboard
1e. Monitor.
2f. Web Cam

19) On a right-handed mouse, the primary button is the:

2a. Right Button
3b. Middle Button
4c. Left Button
5d. Scroll Button
610) What is the Active Windows?

111) How do I make a window active?

112) Every Windows has 4 bars. What are they?

113) What is a dialog box?

33
114) Where do I click to access the CD drive?

115) What is an I-beam?

116) What is an Insertion Point?

34