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Confused about what the project management life cycle is all about? In this complete guide to
the project management life cycle, we’ll give the lowdown with handy links to more information
on managing the different parts of the process. Project Management Life cycle is really just a
highfalutin way of describing the life of a project. It’s how projects happen; how a project is taken
from brief through to delivery. Every project has a start and end; it’s born, matures and then ‘dies’
when the project life is complete.
The PMI (Project Management Institute) took what’s really common sense and called it the
project management life cycle. It’s the de facto standard for project delivery which you can find in
their fascinating 589 paged 5th edition Project Management Book of Knowledge
(PMBOK). That’s a really long, and to be honest, a deathly boring read – so here’s a condensed
version of the project management life cycle which contains all the important takeaways.
The project management life cycle describes the high-level process of delivering a project and
the steps you take to make things happen. And while the project management life cycle might
not sound that interesting, it is important because the project management life cycle is what we
as project managers lead and facilitate.
The crux of any project life is the same: defining a project’s objectives and then making stuff
happen to meet those objectives. Different project managers or agencies may use slightly
different terms to describe the project management life cycle phases, but fundamentally, they’re
pretty much the same.
A project life always has to start somewhere, and the problem that needs fixing needs to be
defined (initiating). A solution to fixing that problem and an approach to doing it then has to be
created (planning). That plan has to then be put into action (executing) while being tracked to
make sure it does what it’s supposed to (monitoring and controlling). The project is then
deployed, performance is evaluated and the project is then over (closing). That’s the essence of
the project management life cycle.
The PMI have defined these five process groups which come together to form the project
management life cycle.
Initiating
Planning
Executing
Monitoring & Controlling
Closing
In this article, we’re going to look in detail at what these project management life cycle phases
consist of, the key project management steps, and how they can help deliver a successful, well-
managed project.
That usually necessitates identifying the project stakeholders and making sure they all share the
same perception of what the project is and agree on the business case – the problem that the
project is trying to solve. It’s during project initiation phase too that you decide whether it is
feasible to deliver the business case. As a project manager, you will need to conduct adequate
research to determine the goals of the project, and then propose a solution to achieve them.
Once approved, you move on to the next phase.
Identify the High-level Scope and Deliverables – What is the product or service that needs to be
provided?
Conduct a Feasibility Study – What is the primary problem and its possible solutions?
Ballpark the high-level Cost and create a Business Case – What are the costs and benefits of the
solution?
Identify Stakeholders – Who are the people this project affects, how, and what are their needs?
Typically for Prince2 or PMI methodologies, these are summed up in a Project Initiation
Document (PID) but in an agency, the information is usually captured in an initial statement of
work (SoW) which covers the initiation phase only.
At this point in the project life cycle, you take the goals of the and expand on those goals to
decide how to attain them. It’s worth keeping evaluating those goals with three criteria:
what’s Possible, Passionate, and Pervasive?
Possible – strive for something that is achievable. Ask yourself, does this solution match the
budget? Does my team have the ability to do this? Do we have enough time? Setting unrealistic
goals is setting yourself up for failure.
Passionate – Projects are tough, so you want a team that is emotionally engaged in the project.
Ask yourself, Is this a project that your team can be passionate about? Is it something that can
bring them together to collaborate to achieve the same goal? Even though it might be their job
to do what you tell them to do, no one is going to invest into something they don’t think is
worthwhile
Pervasive – Does this have the potential to become a ground-breaking success? Is this
something that is a complete solution to the problem that was given to you or is it really just a
band-aid temporary or partial solution? Does it have the potential to be improved on, developed
and to become a permanent way of working?
I like this ‘3 P’s Goals Lens’ but you might also be familiar with the principle of setting CLEAR
goals – this is a helpful framework to ensure goals are Collaborative, Limited, Appreciable, and
Refinable. Read more about them, and their benefits over SMART goals, here.
All of the planning feeds into a project plan and typically a statement of work that outlines the
activities, tasks, dependencies, and time frames as well as costs – the three fundamental
components of the planning process. In addition, it’s prudent to develop a plan for resources,
quality, risk, acceptance criteria, communication, and procurement.
Create a Financial Plan – Create a project budget and cost estimate and a plan to meet your
maximum cost, complete with allocations across resources and departments
Create a Resource Plan – Build a great team, recruit and schedule the resources and materials
needed to deliver the project
Create a Risk Plan – Identify the possible risks, assumptions, issues and dependencies, assign an
owner, and develop a mitigation plan for how will you avoid/overcome them
Create an Acceptance Plan – Assign criteria for what constitutes ‘done’ and ‘delivered’
Create a Communication Plan – List your stakeholders, and plan the communication cadence
Create a Procurement Plan – Find any 3rd party suppliers required and agree terms
All of this should come together into a Project Statement of Work – Create a statement of work
scope document which outlines the parameters of the project for approval
As the project manager, you shift from talking about a project and creating documentation to get
the green light to proceed with the project execution – to leading the team and managing them
toward delivery. You’ll spend your time in briefings, meetings, and reviews to lead the team, and
keep the project on track.
Creating Tasks – Clearly define what needs to be done and the criteria for the task
Task Briefing – Ensuring the team are clear about what they need to do, by when
Client Management – Working with the client to ensure deliverables are acceptable
Communications – Ensure you’re informing and updating the right people at the right time
through the right channel
First, that means ensuring you capture the data (usually derived from timesheets and tasks
completed) to track progress effectively against the original plan. Secondly, it means taking the
data and comparing the task completion, budget spend and timeline allocated in the original
plan. By comparing the plan against actuals you can establish whether or not you’re hitting the
objectives for timeline, cost, quality and success metrics.
And when you realize that things aren’t quite going to plan (they rarely do) it’s figuring out the
options for pivoting the project so that it still delivers something the client is happy with while
meeting the budget, timeline and quality constraints. Pro-tip: usually that means reducing scope!
Quality Management – Reviewing deliverables and ensuring they meet the defined acceptance
criteria
Risk Management – Monitor, control, manage and mitigate potential risks and issues
Acceptance Management – Conduct user acceptance testing and create a reviewing system,
ensuring that all deliverables meet the needs of the client
Change Management – When the project doesn’t go to plan, managing the process of
acceptable changes with the client to ensure they’re happy with necessary changes
Team Analysis – Did everyone do what they were assigned to do? Were they passionate and
motivated enough? Did they stay thorough and accountable? Was the communication within the
team healthy and constructive?
Project Closure – Document the tasks needed to bring the project life to an official end. This
includes closing supplier agreements, signing off contracts and handing in all the necessary
project documentation.
Post-Implementation Review – Write down a formal analysis of successes and failure, and
resulting lessons learned and suggestions for the future. At the end of every successful project,
you will learn that room for improvement always remains.
Simple, right?