The Future of Democracy in Pakistan Hopes and

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 Introduction
 Factors Responsible for the Failure of Democratic System to take Stronghold in Pakistan
 Lack of professional integrity in the military
 Inseparable inter-mingling of religion and politics
 Prevalence of dynastic system in politics
 Anti-democratic behaviour of the ruling politicians
 Lack of character among the political leaders
 Absence of strong and vibrant accountability mechanism
 Erosion of rule of law
 Prevalence of feudalism
 Large-scale prevalence of social ills like poverty and illiteracy
 Foreign interference in the domestic matters of the country
 Prevalence of degenerated political values Appearance of some Developments indicating some
Semblance of Hope
 Hard-won freedom of media
 The emergence of judicial independence
 Awakening of civil society
 Rise of democracy – conscious intelligentsia
 Rapid growth of urbanization
 Appearance of professional approach on behalf of the military
 Further Measures to ensure Democratic Consolidation in the Country
 Massive investment in the education sector
 Initiation of development projects in poverty-stricken areas
 Political commitment on the part of politicians to promote true spirit of democracy
 Reforms in election commission to ensure free and fair election
 Strengthening security apparatus to give death blow to extremism and radicalization
 Promoting ruthless and indiscriminate accountability culture to ensure rule of law
 Eliminating irritants hindering gender parity
 Improving areas of basic service delivery to restore public faith in democratic system
 Conclusion

The future of democracy has been perhaps the most widely discussed topics in the intellectual circles of
Pakistan over the last couple of years. Despite the country entering 70th year of its independence, the
democratic system is still unable to take strong roots in the country. The country is still unable to enjoy
the dividends of democracy being enjoyed by the masses in the Western countries. Needless to say, this
inability is due to the fact that the socio-economic and political environment of the country is miserably
replete with many factors which have played overwhelming role in the failure of democracy to grow in
its true spirit, hence making the future of democracy in Pakistan bleak. The presence of irritants like
troubled civil-military relations, complex inter-mingling of religion and politics coupled with deep-
rooted religious extremism has contributed significantly to the weakening of the roots of democratic
system in the country. Prevalence of corrupt leadership, dynastic politics, rampant poverty, and
entrenched illiteracy has further added fuel to the fire as far as the evolution of democracy in the
country is concerned.

Undoubtedly, these factors have resulted in dismal deficit of democratic norms and values in the
society, which have, on one hand, nurtured the scourge of extremism to alarming extent; while on the
other, they have given rise to the erosion of pluralism and coexistence in the society, adding to the
miseries of ethnic and religious minorities. Besides, due to the weakening of democratic system, not
only have the internal divisions and splits in the society been accentuated, but the major 53 areas of
service delivery like education, health care, eradication of poverty and underdevelopment, employment
opportunities, personal security against the threats from state agencies and extremist groups, and civic
amenities are also in severe disrepair.

To be sure, the constant weakening of democratic system in the country is not an overnight
phenomenon. Instead, it is the upshot of a great deal of time. And, obviously, there are many factors
which have played significant role in destabilizing the democratic system in the country, hence making
its future bleak.

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The presence of strong military with the history of destabilizing the civilian governments in the past is
one of the dominant factors behind failure of democracy in the country. There is no denying the fact
that democracy cannot take roots in the country as far as military is obsessed with the desire to step
into the corridors of power to rule the country. Even a bird’s eye view of the history of Pakistan simply
reveals the fact that whenever some general is about to retire from his military job, he manipulates to
assume the ruling authority of the country by removing the democratically elected government from
the seat of power on the charges of corruption. The fact that four military coups have taken place gives
a great deal of strength to this view that military coup has become a routine rather than an anomaly in
Pakistan. This tradition of military coups gives courage to the military to destabilize the democratic set-
up in the country. There is no denying the fact that the conflict between strong military and weak
democratic set-up hangs like sword of Damocles’ on the political sphere. Hence, the possibility of
occurrence of military takeover any time in Pakistan poses a grave threat to the development of
democracy.
Coupled with the threat of strong military, the inseparable mingling of religion and politics is one of the
dominant factors behind the weak growth of democracy in the country. The Pakistani state has mixed
religious beliefs and politics to such an extent that it has become impossible to separate the two.
Historically speaking, such mingling is the result of entrance of religious parties in the political arena
right after the inception of Pakistan. Now, the religious political parties have acquired such an
extraordinary clout and power in the political sphere that they have become a formidable challenge to
the non-religious political parties. These parties not only use sensitive religious issues for their own
political gains, but also patronize the religious and militant outfits. Because of these parties stronghold
in the political arena, radical clerics have become so strong that the government and the state
machinery seem helpless before them. The Faizabad sit-in is an obvious example in this regard.
Additionally, due to disastrous mingling of religion and politics, religious forces have got so powerful
that they have got superiority over parliament, resulting in the continued acceptance of their
interpretation of religion and the laws on religious and social issues. In fact, they have reduced the
space for any debate on these issues within and outside parliament. In this way, parliament has been
rendered so ineffective by the religious political parties and extremist groups that there is a dire need of
logical and rational debates on the major political and social issues facing the country. Briefly speaking,
weak and ineffective parliament coupled with mingling of religion and politics is a great hurdle to the
growth of democratic system in this country.

In addition to the mixing of religion and politics, rise of religious extremism equally poses a serious
threat to the development of democratic system in the country. Extremism is so entrenched in the
society that religious extremists blatantly commit acts of violence in the society. Suicide attacks on
public places, government security agencies, educational institutions and shrines are so common that
people have lost faith in government’s capacity to provide them security. It would not be wrong to say
that extremism has put the government’s credibility at stake, hence, jeopardizing the future of
democracy in the country.

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Another great hindrance to the development of the democracy is the prevalence of dynastic system in
the politics. Since the inception of Pakistan, the political culture has been the personal domain of
certain-well renowned families. They have never allowed any ordinary person to be part of their
political parties. Due to entrenched dynastic politics in the country, political parties have become
personal fiefdoms of the politicians who are obsessed with controlling everything from the top. There is
no denying that such anti-democratic trend is a symptom of monarchy rather than democracy. It has
not only marred the true spirit of democracy, but it is also a huge impediment to the development of
democratic institutions and values in the country Quite hand in hand with the dynastic political system,
the undemocratic behaviour of the politicians is also responsible for weak evolution of democratic
values in the country. It is a sad truth that the political leaders have miserably failed to promote the
values of democracy in true spirit. They rarely manifest the democratic values in management of the
affairs of the political system. In other words, there is an alarming dearth of democratic norms of
restraint, moderation and mutual accommodation through consultation in the prevailing political
system. Democracy only exists in slogans of the politicians who use democracy as a tool to perpetuate
their rule in the country, hence accentuating political status quo. Any challenge to their rule is described
by them as an anti-democratic behaviour. It is a fact that no political and constitutional system becomes
democratic only by labelling it democratic unless it is imbued with the spirit and essence of democratic
norms and values.

Aside from undemocratic behaviour, the politicians who dominate the political scene usually lack moral
character. They are just obsessed with the desire to have power. They never show such an attitude that
could be conducive to the growth of democratic institutions. They always adopt the façade of sincere
politicians before elections. They make sublime promises to the people of their constituency. However,
once they are elected, they come up with their true selfishly corrupt faces. They start to do corruption
on massive scale. Such sort of degenerated character of politicians gives an opportunity to the military
to step into the corridors of power by removing the elected government on the charges of corruption.
Needless to say, the presence of corrupt politicians is a huge threat to the evolution of democracy in the
country.

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The fact that political environment is rife with corrupt politicians is further aggravated by the absence of
a strong and ruthless accountability culture in the country. There are no two opinions on the fact that
ruthless and indiscriminate accountability is a vibrant tool to ensure the supremacy of law. However,
Pakistan has not been fortunate enough to have such accountability mechanism. The accountability
culture is so weak that the accountability of rulers and their immediate families seems a figment of
imagination. Due to weak accountability, the members of the families of ruling politicians are seen
exploiting the official position of their parents or guardians to their financial and business benefit.
Needless to say, such trend has given a severe blow to the rule of law in the country, leading to the
erosion of public faith on the democratic system.

Deep-rooted feudalism is equally responsible for failure of democracy to take strong roots in the
country. Since its very inception, Pakistan has been suffering from the disease of feudalism. These
feudal, on one hand, contribute towards increase in the rate of poverty by keeping the people of their
areas in utterly hopeless conditions; while on the other, they crush the true spirit of democracy in the
pursuit of their unscrupulous desires. Feudalism is so ingrained in the society that it has abysmally
curtailed the likelihood of common man to enter the political arena. Resultantly, parliament is replete
with the feudal. They cannot be called true representatives of common people because considering
them representatives of common masses is synonymous with viewing wolves as representatives of
sheep. They have no concern for the interests of common masses but power. Briefly speaking,
feudalism is a great threat to the growth of democracy. So far as these feudal are present in the county,
democracy cannot grow in its true spirit.

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Social ills like illiteracy and poverty also contribute significantly to weakening democratic norms in the
country. No doubt, these evils have been sucking the blood of Pakistani society since the beginning of
Pakistan. These ills dominate the society to such an extent that majority of masses are trapped in the
net of poverty and illiteracy. There is no escaping the fact that the system of democracy relies heavily
on educated society for its proper evolution, where people perceive the worth of democratic values,
where people are aware of the real importance of elections. Unfortunately, in Pakistani society where
most of the masses are not sure if they would have two meals a day, it would be silly and illogical to
expect them to care for democratic values. Thus, it is really hard for the plant of democracy to grow
properly in presence of social diseases of poverty and illiteracy.
The role of the interference of foreign hands, especially the USA, cannot be denied as far as weakening
of democratic norms in the country is concerned. It has never given rise to such efforts that could prove
conducive for the growth of democracy in Pakistan. It has always been at the forefront to reinforce the
undemocratic elements in Pakistan, causing great damage to the development of democracy in the
country. If Pakistan has seen most of its period under the dictators, the role of the USA is also
undeniable in this regard. Dictators have remained recipients of huge amounts of American aid
throughout the history of the country.

In addition to foreign meddling, the fact that the political culture in Pakistan is imbued with
degenerated political norms has also exacerbated the scenario with respect to growth of democracy in
the country. Diseased traditions like horse-trading, floor crossing, nasty opposition, haughty attitudes
and political intolerance dominate the political culture. In truly democratic countries, opposition plays a
healthy role to promote democratic values. It never hesitates to appreciate those policies of the ruling
party which ensure national integrity or promote public welfare. But unfortunately, the opposition in
Pakistan is bent on criticizing the policies of the government, no matter how constructive they are. In
the presence of such diseased political norms, democratic values cannot be propagated on proper lines.

Although the abovementioned factors have made the prospects of democracy highly bleak in the
country, but there have emerged some optimistic trends over the last couple of years, which provide a
ray of hope with respect to the future of democracy in the country. It would be quite appropriate to
take into account these trends in order to have a better view of the scenario.

Most important of such trends is the emergence of free media in the country. Needless to say, the
freedom of media is linked with the growth of democracy. Both depend on each other for their healthy
growth. Not only has media won its freedom, but it also has realized its true rule to promote the true
spirit of democracy in Pakistan. The active participation of media in the political culture of the country is
also favourable for the evolution of democracy in its true spirit.

Not only has media won its freedom, so has done the judiciary. In the past, the judiciary was always led
by dictatorial regimes as a tool to legitimate their rule. They used it as a puppet to serve their
undemocratic designs. But now the situation has changed altogether. After a long period of drowsiness,
judiciary has at last awakened to play its true rule. It has resolved not to allow any steps which could
mar its independent spirit. The Supreme Court is often seen taking suo motu notice of different issues
arising due to the negligence of the government. Above all, the removal of Nawaz Sharif from the office
in the wake of Panama Leaks by the apex court is a sign of independence of judiciary in the country.
Undoubtedly, this sign will go a long way to promote the development of democracy in this country.
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Recently, it has been seen that the civil society has also raised its voice in favour of democracy. Lawyers,
doctors and different social organisations, and human rights, activists are usually seen protesting
against the undemocratic behaviour of the government. Lawyers’ movement for the independence of
judiciary some years ago is, no doubt, an indication of emergence of civil society. Thus, the awakening
of the civil society is a healthy sign which is quite conducive to the development of democracy in this
country.

There has also been seen a massive change in the attitude of intelligentsia. They are no longer willing to
welcome undemocratic regime. The columnists, writers, etc. have come to the forefront in order to
maximize the elements which can contribute greatly to making the prospects of democratic system
bright in this country. To be sure, the role of integentsia in the formulation of the public opinion cannot
be denied. Change in the patience of intelligentsia means change in public opinion. No doubt, such
change will lead to the creation of environment quite productive for the growth of democracy.

The rapid growth of urbanization is equally a healthy change. Urbanization and awareness of democracy
mostly run parallel to each other. Rapid growth in urbanization anses to rapid increase in the awareness
of democratic system. With increase in urbanization, there will be increase in the employment
opportunities, media access and her rights awareness. This all will create an environment quite
conducive to the greit of democracy. Last but not the least, emergence of professional approach on
behalf of the military is an indication of bright change in military’s approach towards politics.
Recognizing its parameters, military has decided to promote the democratic system. Military’s
comitment to eliminate the militant outfits, and appearance of current army chief in the Serate to brief
the senators about the development of ongoing security operations in the coentry are the signs which
point to the bright future of democracy in Pakistan.

Conclusion
All the discussion drives us to the conclusion that despite the lapse of seven decades, the democratic
system has failed to take strong roots in the country. Its evolution has been jeopardized by many
factors. Most prominent among them are strained civilmilitary relations, complex inter-mingling of
religion and politics along with presence of deep-rooted religious extremism, rampant poverty and
illiteracy, lack of integrity among the politicians and the dynastic political system. Needless to say, these
factors have made the country falter on road to viable democracy and sustained political development.
However, the situation is not out of control yet. If measures like massive investment in the education
sector, initiation of development projects in the poverty-stricken areas, elimination of irritants hindering
gender parity in the society, and above all unflinching political commitment on the part of politicians to
promote democratic norms and practices in the country coupled with the promotion of ruthless and
non-selective accountability culture reinforcing rule of law are taken with dedication, undoubtedly they
will go a long way to make Pakistan a successful democratic country in the world.
 Future of democracy in Pakistan

Outline

• Democracy and Pakistan – Present, Past and Future

• Importance of democracy

• Threats to democracy

1. Weak political institutions

2. Influence of Military
3. Economic difficulties
4. Social Norms
5. Illiteracy – lack of political of awareness
6. Unemployment and poverty
7. Image of political leadership
8. Power politics
9. Foreign interference
10. Unbridled media
11. Feudalism and racism
12. Grievances of small provinces
13. Relation with India
14. Terrorism and extremism

• Suggestions to meet the challenges

1. Strengthing of political parties and political culture

2. Sovereignty of parliament and other statuary
3. Independence of judiciary
4. Eradication of illiteracy
5. Political awareness
6. Democratic norms
7. Economic uplift
8. Emergence of new leadership
9. Participation of youth in political process
10. Mature and tolerant politics
11. Independence of media
12. Accountability

• Our strengths

1. Presence of pro-democracy leadership

2. Active Civil Society
3. Independent Media
4. Determined and dedicated nation
5. Pakistani Youth

• Conclusion

Essay

In this possibly terminal phase of human existence, freedom and democracy are just more then ideals to be
followed rather its necessary for survival. Noam Chomsky

Pakistan was the result of a political and democratic struggle but democracy could not flourish during 62 years
of its existence. The founder of Pakistan was a great democratic statesman who envisioned a democratic and
progressive Pakistan. Unfortunately his illness couldn’t let him to contribute much for democracy. His death
was a fine blow to the political stability of Pakistan. Liaquat Ali Khan, a devoted prime-minister elected from
Eastern Pakistan was unacceptable to the ruling elite of West Pakistan and was subsequently eliminated from
the political scene in 1951. These initial problems of Pakistan gave him little time to focus his attention on
democratic and constitutional development of newly born state. His sudden death proved a serious blow to the
nation. His successors dedicated their efforts to perpetuate their rule showing little concern to democratic
development. The early years were marked with conspiracies, unethical and undemocratic tactics in power
corridors of the country. This situation provided opportunity to military to intervene in politics and Ayub Khan
imposed first Marshal Law in 1958. After this, army became a stakeholder in power game and ruled the country
four times through coups.

The recent government has assumed power through an electoral process but after 9 years of military rule. It
has not completed even two years of its formation and threats have surfaced to its existence. The current
democracy is facing multifaceted challenges on economic, social, political and international fronts. This needs a
sagacious approach to ensure continuance of democratic rule in Pakistan.

Today the respect of a nation in the international community is directly linked to prevalence of democracy.
Pakistan has to strengthen democracy in order to earn a respectable place in the world and head towards the
road of progress and prosperity.

The clouds of uncertainty are hovering over the democratic set-up in Pakistan. The major threat is absence of
sound political infrastructure. Frequent Military interventions prevented growth of political culture. Political
parties could not be established on modern and democratic lines. Political parities are nursuries of democracy.
In Pakistan these parties are plagued with outside influence, short term goals, one man show and family
politics. Political culture cannot flourish until political parties start functioning in democratic manner.

Military has emerged as a stakeholder in political process that is against the very spirit of democracy. Where it
is permanent threat hanging over the government on one hand, it encourages the undemocratic forces to
destabilize democracy on the other hand.

Economic difficulties are the barriers to Govt performance causing public discontent. Pakistan government is
facing financial difficulties. Its economy is under developed characterized by huge trade deficit, heavy debt
burden and deteriorating currency. Government lacks the requisite economic resources for public uplift.
Consequently common men remain indifferent to national politics and democracy that induce undemocratic
forces to intervene.

The democratic system derives its strength from people. As former American President, Abraham Lincoln, had
said,

“Democracy is Govt of the people, by the people, for the people.”

Where half of the Pakistani population is illiterate and stands unaware to democratic concepts, even the major
chunk of educated people remains also indifferent to political developments in the country. This allures
undemocratic forces to assume the power and to their pleasure they are accorded warm welcome by the nation
when they assumed the charge. Political unawareness amongst the masses poses serious threat to democracy.
Democracy can flourish only if public at large get involved in the political process.

The image of political leadership has been rotten over the time. Common men tend to dislike the political
personalities. They are held responsible for all the afflictions Pakistan facing today. There are deficiencies in
politicians, but these are projected to the public with exaggeration of some facts along with certain myths. This
mistrust of public prevents them to concern about the political process. Political instability along with economic
difficulties pushed the country towards foreign dependence. Resultantly, the international powers, in pursuance
of their own goals, care little to the democratic stability of the country. All the military rulers enjoyed foreign
support. 75% of financial aid by USA was received during the military regime. Purportedly, these foreign
players intrigue to destabilize the political set up, when their interest require doing so.

Media independence is vital to democratic stability but it must be subjected to some ethics, rules and
regulations. Unfortunately, media scarcely follows the ethical and legal limits. Commercialism some time allures
it to pursue yellow journalism putting aside the national interest. In order to catch public opinion, media
manipulate the facts and mis-represent it to the public where constructive criticism play a positive role, undue
castigation arouse public wrath for the sitting government. Consequently people start desiring change whether
democratic or undemocratic.

Feudalism is negation of equality and freedom. Democracy is not just happening of electoral exercise, it is set
of principles based on the concept of freedom, liberty, equality and tolerance. Elections are just one of the
manifestations of democracy. While feudalism does not hinder the electoral process, it put curbs on the
people’s right of freedom. Masses are restrained to freely participate in the democratic process. Feudalism is
still prevailing in Pakistan and people falling under its jurisdiction are treated like subjects. They can never
become the active participants of political process.

Small provinces have lost their confidence on federation. Military rulers suppressed their demands. They were
denied the genuine legal and constitutional rights. Though the present democratic government sought apology
from Balouchs, no substantial efforts has been evinced yet to redress their woes, their anti-centre feelings, if
not addressed aptly would aggravate in the days ahead.

Pakistan unfriendly relations with India overpower its domestic and international policies. Both the countries
remained at logger heads since their inception. Pakistan, in order to counter the menace of Indian adventures,
had to allocate major chunk of her resources for military development at the cost of negating other socio-
economic sectors of the country. She has to maintain a large army in spite of having limited economic
resources. Pakistan annually allocates 33% of her budget to defense on average. If relations with India are
normalized, these resources may be better spent on public uplift, social welfare, education and health. If it
happens it would bring prosperity that strengthens the democratic foundations of the country.

Terrorism is one of the biggest threats to survival of entire humanity. The entire world is intimidated of this
menace and making efforts to counter it. Its afflictions are pervasive and engulfing the peace and prosperity of
the nation. The multiple challenges lingering on democracy thus requires a multipronged struggle to counter
them.
Political parties are the primary institutions of democracy in order to provide a solid foundation to edifice of
democracy. Political parties have to re-organize and function on democratic lines. These have to establish their
roots at gross root level and develop them like institutions open to public. Only political parties can ensure
public participation in political process and inculcate the democratic values. A dedicated involvement of people
at large would provide a solid base to democracy in Pakistan.

Parliament is representative institution of public. Executives must be accountable before the parliament. If all
decisions are made through the parliament, it would strengthen democracy.

Judiciary is a foremost pillar of state. An independent and efficient Judiciary ensure prevalence of social justice
in the society. It provides a plat-form to aggrieved citizens to seek redressal of their griveneces. If people get
legal way to their redressal, it reduces the likelihood of illegal adventures. So independence of judiciary is key
to strong democracy.

Educational uplift of the society makes its members well conversant to the concepts of freedom, liberty and
democracy. People learn the blessings of public rule. It enhances their commitment to democracy and they can
stand against the efforts to derail the political process.

Ironically, a considerable majority of educated people lack awareness to democracy. This issue must be
addressed through transformation of syllabus on modern lines. Democracy, its need and its blessings must be
incorporated as part of the syllabus at all levels of education. Besides this, government must join hands with
media, civil society and other pressure groups to inculcate the values of freedom, liberty, human rights and
democracy amongst the masses.

Political players must set good norms to strengthen democracy. Power thrust, intolerance and corruption have
plagued the politics of Pakistan. Time has come to stop the old practices and follow the democratic values
prevailed in developed societies. Political parties need revision regarding their structure as they lack
democracy.

Economic growth brings prosperity in the life of common. A prosper society is more likely to adopt democracy
and actively engage in political process. Leadership provides new direction to society and led them to the
destination. Pakistan desperately needs trustworthy leadership that people follow dedicatedly.
Our youth constitute 30% of the society they are representative of new generation. Their participation may
ensure structural improvements in national paradigm. It has been witnessed that during Pakisan movement
youth played vital role in opinion formation and mass awareness and so is the time now. There is a need to
guide our youth to take the responsibility of our tomorrow. Its the high time when youth is active and willing to
welcome the dawn of democracy and it should be utilized to its fullest.

An impartial system of accountability enhances public trust on the political system. It provides enormous
strength to democratic process. Moreover, it compels thousand who are charged with governance, to
transparently discharge their official responsibilities. It ensures good governance and strengthens the political
set up. Inspite of facing innumerable challenges and showing unsatisfactory performance, Pakistanis has the
capability to emerge as a democratic and progressive nation. Pakistan can road to democracy with dedication,
determination, commitment, courage and patriotism of its political leaders. If they are aptly inculcated with the
true spirit of democracy, they are potent enough to change the destiny.

There is no second opinion that democracy is pre-requisite for Pakistan to earn a respectable place in the
international community. Its track record during 62 years of existence portrays a gloomy picture. The current
challenges and threats further aggravate the scene. But this does no imply there is no room for improvement.
A glance at the history reveals that difficulties always appear in the life of surviving nations. But these
adversities are proved blessing in disguise when these are faced gallantly. This moment becomes starting point
in their journey towards success. It has all the potential to overcome the mountainous challenges; the required
is unity, faith, discipline and guidance.