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CLASS TUTORIAL
B.E Semester - V
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajkot 2
FLUID POWER ENGINEERING (2151903)
CLASS TUTORIAL
B.E Semester - V
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajkot 1
FLUID POWER ENGINEERING (2151903)
CLASS TUTORIAL
discharge at the outlet of the turbine is radial. Draw the inlet and outlet velocity
triangles and determine:
i. The absolute velocity of water at inlet of runner (V1 = 10.365 m/s)
ii. The velocity of whirl at inlet (Vw1 = 10.207 m/s)
iii. The relative velocity at inlet (Vr1 = 1.963 m/s)
iv. The runner blade angles (θ = 66.48 and Φ = 20.9)
v. Width of the runner at outlet (B2 = 0.4m)
vi. Mass of water flowing through the runner per second (m = 1017.8 kg/s)
vii. Head at the inlet of the turbine (H = 9.97m)
viii. Power developed & hydraulic efficiency of the turbine. (97.9KW, 98.34%)
[18.15; R. K. Bansal]
6. The runner of the Francis turbine has an outer diameter 500mm and the inner
diameter 350mm. It works under a head of 60m. The width at the inlet is 75mm. The
angle of the blades at the inlet and outlet are 93˚ and 30˚ respectively. The flow
enters the vanes at an angle of 23˚. Mechanical losses are 6% and the area taken by
the vanes is 7% of the total area, hydraulic efficiency is 90% and the flow velocity is
constant. Find the speed of the runner so that entry of water into runner is shock
less. Find power produced by the turbine.
[19; R. N. Patel][Answer: P = 526.23KW, N = 888 rpm]
7. A Kaplan turbine develops 24647.6kW power at an average head of 39m. Assuming
a speed ratio of 2, flow ratio of 0.6, diameter of the boss equals to 0.35 times the
diameter of the runner and an overall efficiency of 90%. Calculate the diameter,
speed and specific speed of the turbine.
[18.28; R. K. Bansal][Answer: 2.5m, 422.61rpm, 680.76rpm]
8. A conical draft turbine tube having inlet and outlet diameter 1.2m and 1.8m
discharges water at outlet with a velocity of 3m/s. The total length of draft tube is
7.2 m and 1.44 m of the length of draft tube immersed in water. If the atmospheric
pressure head is 10.3 m of water and loss of head due to friction in draft tube is
equal to 0.2 x velocity head at outlet of tube determine:
a. Pressure head at inlet and
b. Efficiency of draft tube. [May-2013] [Reference: 18.35; R. K. Bansal]
B.E Semester - V
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajkot 2
FLUID POWER ENGINEERING (2151903)
CLASS TUTORIAL
1. Find the power required to drive a centrifugal pump which delivers 0.04 m3/s of
water to a height of 20 m through a 15 cm diameter pipe and 100 m long. The overall
efficiency of the pump is 70 % and co-efficient of friction f = 0.015 in the formulae
hf = 4flv2/2gd. GTU Dec 2010
2. A centrifugal pump raises the head of water through 4 m and delivers 1.5 m3/sec.
The speed of the impeller is 180 rpm. The impeller diameter at the outlet is 1.3 m
and area at the periphery is 0.3 m2. The ratio of the outlet at the inlet diameter is 2 m
and vane angle at the outlet is 30°. Determine (i) the hydraulic efficiency, (ii) power
required and (iii) minimum starting speed. GTU June 2011
3. A centrifugal pump has impeller of 25 cm diameter at inlet and 50 cm diameter at
outlet and runs at 1600 rpm. The vanes are set back at an angle of 300 to the outer
rim if velocity of flow through impeller is constant at 3 m/s and entry to the impeller
is radial. Calculate (i) the vane angle at inlet and (ii) work done on the wheel per kg
of water. GTU Nov 2011
4. A centrifugal pump running at 900 rpm is working against head of 18 m. The outlet
diameter of impeller is 380 mm and outlet width is 40 mm. If outlet blade angle is
280 and manometric efficiency is 78 %. Find discharge of the pump. GTU Jan 2013
5. The impeller of centrifugal pump is 1 m in diameter and rotates at 1500 rpm. The
blades are curved backward and make an angle of 30° to the tangent at the
periphery. Calculate (i) the power required if the velocity of flow at outlet is 20 m/s,
and (ii) the head to which water can be lifted when a diffuser casing reduces the
outlet velocity to 60%. GTU May 2013
6. Find the rise in pressure in the impeller of a centrifugal pump through water is
flowing at the rate of 15 liters/second. The internal and the external diameters of
the impeller are 0.20 m and 0.40 m respectively. The width of the impeller at inlet
and outlet are 1.6 cm and 0.6 cm. The pump is running at 1200 rpm. The water
enters the impellers radially at inlet and impeller vane angle at outlet is 30°. Neglect
losses through the impeller. GTU June 2014
B.E Semester - V
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajkot 1
FLUID POWER ENGINEERING (2151903)
CLASS TUTORIAL
7. A centrifugal pump impeller has internal and external diameter 480 mm and 240
mm respectively. It is running at 1000 rpm. The rate of flow through the pump is
0.0576 m3/s and velocity of flow is constant and is equal to 2.4 m/s. The diameter of
suction and delivery pipes are 180 mm and 120 mm respectively and suction and
delivery heads are 6.2 m (abs) and 30.2 m of water respectively. If the power
required to drive the pump is 23.3 KW and the outlet vane angle is 450. Find (i) Inlet
vane angle (ii) Overall efficiency (iii) Manometric efficiency. GTU Dec 2014
8. During a test on a centrifugal pump the following readings were obtained Pressure
gauge reading = 1.32 bar; Vacuum gauge reading = 300 mm of Hg; Effective height
between gauges = 0.45 m; Power of electric motor = 22 kW; Discharge of pump = 85
ltrs/sec; Diameter of delivery pipe = 150 mm; Diameter of suction pipe = 200 mm
Determine overall efficiency of pump. GTU Dec 2013
9. A centrifugal pump impeller runs at 80 rpm and has an outlet vane angle is of 600.
The velocity of flow is 2.5 m/s throughout and diameter of the impeller at exit is
twice that at inlet. If manometric head is 20 m and manometric efficiency is 75%,
Calculate: 1) Diameter of impeller at exit; 2) Inlet vane angle and; 3) Tangential
velocity of impeller at inlet. GTU Nov 2016
10. The impeller of a centrifugal pump has an external diameter of 450 mm and internal
diameter of 200 mm and it runs at 1440 rpm. Assuming a constant flow velocity
through the impeller at 2.5 m/s and that the vanes at the exit are set back at angle of
250. Determine (i) Inlet vane angle (ii) The angle, absolute velocity of water makes
with the tangent at the exit and (iii) The work done per unit weight of water.
GTU Dec 2015
11. Model power P = 30 kW, Head H = 8 m and speed N = 1000 rpm. If the prototype
pump has to work against a head of 25 m, Calculate (i) the speed, (ii) the power
required and (iii) ratio of flow rates handled by the two pumps. Take Model to
prototype scale ratio is 1/5. GTU Dec 2015
12. The inner and outer diameters of an impeller of a centrifugal pump are 0.2 m and 0.4
m respectively. The vane angle and velocity of flow at outlet are 60° and 1.4 m/s
respectively. Determine minimum speed required to start the flow if manometric
efficiency is 76%. GTU Nov 2016
B.E Semester - V
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajkot 2
FLUID POWER ENGINEERING (2151903)
CLASS TUTORIAL
B.E Semester – V
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajkot 1
FLUID POWER ENGINEERING (2151903)
CLASS TUTORIAL
Examples
3. Atmospheric air at 1 bar and 200C is taken into a simple compressor having zero
clearance. It is compressed according to law PV1.2=constant to the constant discharge
pressure of 4 bar. The discharge is taken through a regulating valve into a closed vessel
of 3 m3 capacity. Here the initial conditions were 1 bar and 200C and after charging for
4.2 minutes were 3.5 bar and 250C. Calculate neglecting clearance of compressor (i)
The volume of air taken per minute if measured at atmospheric conditions, (ii) The
indicated power required to drive the machine. GTU Dec-14
4. Air at 1 bar and 200C is compressed to a pressure of 55 bar in a two stage reciprocating
air compressor. Intercooler cools the air to a temperature of 400C at 10 bar. The
diameter of low pressure cylinder is 175 mm and both the cylinders have 225 mm
stroke. If the compression follows the law pV1.2=C, find the indicated power of
compressor if it runs at 150 rpm. GTU Nov- 11
5. A two stage air compressor takes in 3.0 m3 of air per minute at a pressure of 1.0 bar and
temperature of 25°C. It delivers the air at 9.0 bar. The compression is carried out in
B.E Semester - V
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajkot 1
FLUID POWER ENGINEERING (2151903)
CLASS TUTORIAL
each cylinder according to law PV1.25 = constant. The air is cooled to its initial
temperature in intercooler. Find the minimum power required to drive the compressor
neglecting the clearance volume. GTU June-14
6. Two stage single acting reciprocating air compressor takes in air at 1 bar and 300 K.
The delivery pressure is 12 bar. The intermediate pressure is ideal for minimum work
and the intercooling is perfect. The index of compression is 1.3. The flow rate air
through the compressor is 0.30 kg/s. Determine (1) The power required to drive the
compressor (2) Isothermal efficiency (3) Saving in power as compared to single stage.
GTU May-16
7. In a three stage compressor, air is compressed from 98 Pa to 20 KPa . Calculate for 1
m3 of air per second, (1) Work under ideal condition for n=1.3 (2) Isothermal work (3)
Saving in work due to multi-staging (4) Isothermal efficiency. GTU June-11
8. A three stage single acting reciprocating compressor has perfect intercooling. The
pressure and temperature at the end of suction stroke in L.P cylinder is 1.013 bar and
15°C respectively. If 8.4 m3 of free air is delivered by the compressor at 70 bar per
minute and work done is minimum, calculate 1. L.P. and I. P. delivery pressure 2. Ratio
of cylinder volume 3. Total indicated power, assume n=1.2. GTU May-15
B.E Semester - V
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajkot 2
FLUID POWER ENGINEERING (2151903)
CLASS TUTORIAL
Examples
1. A centrifugal compressor running at 1440 rpm, handles air at 101 KPa and 20°C and
compress it to a pressure of 6 bar isentropically. The inner and outer diameters of
the impeller are 14 cm and 25 cm, respectively. The width of the blade at the inlet is
2.5 cm. The blade angles are 16° and 40° at entry and exit. Calculate (i) the mass
flow rate of the air, (ii) degree of reaction, (iii) power input and (iv) width of the
blades at outlet. GTU June 2011
2. A centrifugal compressor (ηc = 0.85) runs at 14000 rpm inducting air at 200C, the
work done by the impeller is 160 kJ/kgK, Guide vanes at inlet gives the air a pre-
whirl at 250, Mean eye diameter is 225 mm, the absolute air velocity at inlet is 130
m/s. At the exit the blades are radial and the slip factor is 0.75. Calculate (i) the
pressure ratio, and (ii) impeller tip diameter. GTU Nov 2011
3. A centrifugal air compressor has a pressure ratio of 4:1 with an isentropic efficiency
88% when running at 14000 rpm and including air at 25°C. Curved vanes at inlet
give the air a pre-whirl of 18° to axial direction at all radii and the mean diameter of
eye is 245 mm. The absolute air velocity at inlet is 120 m/s. Impeller tip diameter is
580 mm. Calculate slip factor. GTU June 2012
4. A centrifugal air compressor draws in air at temperature of 270C running at 18000
rpm. The outer diameter of blade tip is 550 mm, slip factor is 0.82, isentropic total
head efficiency is 0.76. Calculate (i) The temperature rise of air passing through the
compressor, (ii) The static pressure ratio. Assume the velocities of air at inlet and
outlet are same. Take Cp = 1.005 KJ/kg K. GTU June 2016
5. A centrifugal compressor delivers free air at 18 kg/min, air is sucked at static states
of 1 bar, 27°C with inlet velocity of 50 m/s. The total head pressure ratio is 4 and
isentropic efficiency of compressor is 75%, mechanical efficiency of motor attached
to it is 90%. Determine total head temperature of air at exit of compressor and
brake power required to drive the compressor. GTU Dec 2015
B.E Semester – V
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajkot 1
FLUID POWER ENGINEERING (2151903)
CLASS TUTORIAL
6. Free air delivered by a centrifugal compressor is 20 kg/min. The inlet conditions are
1 bar and 200C static. The velocity of air at inlet is 60 m/s. The isentropic efficiency
of the compressor is 0.7. The total head pressure ratio is 3. Calculate a) The total
head temperature at exit and, b) Power required by the compressor if mechanical
efficiency is 95%. GTU Nov 2016
7. A centrifugal compressor running at 12000 rpm delivers 1.3 m3/s of free air. The
pressure and temperature at inlet are 1 bar and 250C. The compression ratio is 5,
blades are radial at outlet, the velocity of flow is 58 m/s and is constant throughout.
Assume slip factor is 0.9 and isentropic efficiency is 84%. Determine (i) temperature
of air at outlet, (ii) impeller diameter (iii) blade angle at inlet and (iv) power
required. Assume inlet diameter of impeller half of outlet diameter of impeller.
GTU Dec 2015
B.E Semester – V
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajkot 1
FLUID POWER ENGINEERING (2151903)
CLASS TUTORIAL
Examples
1. An axial flow air compressor stage has a mean diameter of 60 cm. and runs at 15000
rpm if the actual temperature rise and pressure ratio developed are 30°C and 1.35
respectively. Determine: (i) Power required to drive the compressor while
delivering 57 kg/s of air, if the mechanical efficiency is 86% and inlet temperature
rise is 35°C, (ii) The stage loading coefficient, (iii) The degree of reaction if the
temperature at the rotor exit is 55°C. GTU Dec 2010
2. In an axial flow compressor, overall stagnation pressure achieved is 4 and overall
stagnation isentropic efficiency 85%. The inlet stagnation pressure and temperature
are 1 bar and 300 K respectively. The mean blade velocity is 180 m/s, degree of
reaction 50% at mean radius with relative air angles of 12° and 32° at rotor inlet
and outlet respectively, the work done factor is 0.9. Calculate (i) Stagnation
polytropic efficiency (ii) Inlet temperature and pressure (iii) Number of stages (iv)
Blade height in first stage, if ratio of hub to tip diameter is 0.42 , mass flow rate is
19.5 Kg/s. GTU May 2013
3. An axial flow compressor, with compression ratio as 5 draws air at 20°C and
delivers it at 50°C. Assuming 50% degree of reaction, find the velocity of flow if the
blade velocity is 100 m/s, also find number of stages. Take work factor = 0.85,
α = 10°, β = 40° and Cp = 1 k J/kg K. GTU May 2015
4. The mass flow rate of multi stage axial flow compressor is 20 kg/s of air. The stage
efficiency is 0.9. The inlet conditions are 1 bar and 300 K. The stage pressure ratio is
constant and the temperature rise in the first stage is 200C. The temperature at the
end of isentropic compression is 500 K. Calculate (i) The delivery pressure at the
end of last stage, (ii) The total pressure ratio and (iii) The number of stages.
GTU Nov 2016
B.E Semester – V
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Darshan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajkot 1