information about a business enterprise to meet the information needs of the decision-makers. Financial statements prepared by a business enterprise in the corporate sector are published and are available to the decision-makers. These statements provide financial data which require analysis, comparison and interpretation for taking decision by the external as well as internal users of accounting information. This act is termed as financial statement analysis. It is regarded as an integral and important part of accounting. As indicated in the previous chapter, the most commonly used techniques of financial statements analysis are comparative statements, common size LEARNING OBJECTIVES statements, trend analysis, accounting ratios and After studying this chapter, you will be able to : cash flow analysis. The first three have been • explain the meaning, discussed in detail in the previous chapter. This objectives and limitations chapter covers the technique of accounting ratios of accounting ratios; for analysing the information contained in financial • identify the various statements for assessing the solvency, efficiency and types of ratios commonly profitability of the enterprises. used ; • calculate various ratios 5.1 Meaning of Accounting Ratios to assess solvency, liquidity, efficiency and As stated earlier, accounting ratios are an important profitability of the firm; tool of financial statements analysis. A ratio is a • interpret the various mathematical number calculated as a reference to ratios calculated for relationship of two or more numbers and can be intra-firm and inter- expressed as a fraction, proportion, percentage and firm comparisons. a number of times. When the number is calculated by referring to two accounting numbers derived from
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