Lab #1 Equipment, Documentation, and

Lab Familiarization

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Bench #
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 1. SUMMRY
The Purpose of this LAB is to get familiarize with Lab Equipment’s, Tools, Power
supplies, oscilloscope & function generators, DMM & analog discovery their proper
operations. To check connections of breadboard & notice fuses of DMM to measure
voltages, current, resistance & frequency. And to learn about safety precautions while
performing lab experiments in safe mode etc.
2. OBJECTIVE
The Objective of this LAB are
o Cable and accessories verification.
o The breadboard
o The Digital Multimeters (DMM).
o To become reacquainted with the oscilloscope.
o DC power supply
o Lab notebook verification.
o To become familiarized with the lab documentation, including test equipment manuals

3. TEST EQUIPMENT USED

Equipment Type Details

Make: Gw INSTEK
 DC Power
Model: GPD-3303S
Supply
Serial Number: EM823353
Make: Agilent Technologies
 Oscilloscope Model: DSO-X 2004A
Serial Number: MY52161212
Make: Keithley
 Digital Multimeter
Model: 2110 5 ½ Digital Multimeter
Hand Held
Serial Number: 8001860
 Analog Discovery
 Breadboard N/A
 Bench Shoebox

4. INTRODUCTION
The introduction of this lab, is to get familiarize with lab equipment will be used in this
semester. We are provided all equipment’s like a bunch of necessary cables for lab, digital
multimeter bench top, breadboard, power supplies and the analog discovery equipment. We get
the physical condition and the connections of red, green and black posts of the breadboard.
Further, Fuses of digital multimeter were checked according to the given instructions and basic
measuring principles of the multimeter were learnt by the document provided on the
Blackboard. Power supply was also used to set to set some voltage and current settings and the
values were measured using hand held digital multimeter, bench-top multimeter and the analog
discovery. Different waveforms were generated and observed using analog discovery.
According to given Instruction the oscilloscope probes were compensated before and after
generating a sinusoidal waveform, and they were perfectly compensated. There was very small
difference between the results of both sinusoidal waveform & analog discovery.
The Analog Discovery contain function generator with High-Z-Mode or High Impedance
Mode.

I. FUNCTION GENERATOR-HIGH-Z MODE

The function generator is a versatile instrument capable of generating sine, square, and other
waveforms over a wide range of frequencies. The amplitude and offset of these waveforms
may be controlled easily. In addition, it can supply a positive or negative dc voltage, which
will be useful in many of our labs.
Normally output resistance of function generator is 50Ω or high-Z. For 50 Ω output resistance
it acts like an ideal internal voltage source with a 50-Ω resistor in series.

Where Vin(t) & Vext(t) are input & output voltages of function generator. Function generator
with output load connected given below

In above circuit for calculating Vext(t) voltage divider rule will use to calculate output
voltages across connected load.
 When RL is 50Ω then above equation would become

In case of mosfet Input resistance are infinite so above equation would be

-It is often useful to use the function generator to generate a constant dc voltage. In order to set
the instrument to dc output mode, again, consult the user’s manual.

II. DIGITAL MULTIMETER (DMM)

Manufacturer Model No Serial No
Keithley 2110 5 ½ Digital Multimeter 8001860

A digital multimeter (DMM) is a test device used to measure electrical values like voltage
(volts), current (amps) and resistance (ohms). It is called standard diagnostic tool for
technicians in the electrical/electronic industries. It combine the testing capabilities of single-
task meters the voltmeter (for measuring volts), ammeter (amps) and ohmmeter (ohms). Often
they include a number of additional specialized features or advanced options. The face of a
digital multimeter typically includes four components:

o Display: It shows readout Measurements in digital figures.

o Buttons: Used for choosing desired functions; the options vary by model.
o Dial (or rotary switch): Used for choosing initial measurement values like (volts, amps,
ohms).
o Input jacks: Where test leads are inserted.
Fuse checking:
3A 7.0 Ω
10A 0.062Ω

Table 1. Measurements of Voltages

Measured Using Measured Using Measured using
Power Supply, V
DMM bench (V) DMM hand held (V) Analog Discovery, (V)

1 0.99 1 0.979
2 1.98 2.03 1.966
3 2.978 3.05 2.964
4 3.97 4.00V 3.988
5 4.98 5.01 4.979

Table 2. Measurement of Current

Measured Using
Measured Using Measured Using
Current(A) Analog Discovery
DMM bench(A) DMM hand held(A)
(A)
0.1 0.091 0.11 0.1
0.15 0.149 0.151 0.147
0.20 0.197 0.20 0.195
0.25 0.24 0.245 0.249
0.30 0.296 0.298 0.31

Table 3. Measurements of Capacitance

Capacitance Actual Value Capacitance Measured value % Difference
5 μF 4.79 μF 4.2
10 μF 9.94 μF 0.6
50 μF 48.95 μF 2.1
100 μF 96.53 μF 3.47
 III. FUNCTION GENERATOR (AFG1022)
The function generator is a versatile instrument capable of generating sine, square, and other
waveforms over a wide range of frequencies. The amplitude and offset of these waveforms
may be controlled easily. In addition, it can supply a positive or negative dc voltage, which
will be useful in many of our labs.

Sine waveform with 1-kHz frequency & 4.5 Vp-p:

Square waveform with 2-kHz frequency & 4.0 Vp-p:

IV. POWER SUPPLY

Manufacturer Model No Serial No
Gw INSTEK GPD-3303S EM823353

A power supply is a component that supplies power to at least one electric load. Typically, it
converts one type of electrical power to another, but it may also convert a different form of
energy – such as solar, mechanical, or chemical - into electrical energy.A power supply
provides components with electric power. The term usually pertains to devices integrated
within the component being powered. For example, computer power supplies convert AC
current to DC current and are generally located at the rear of the computer case, along with at
least one fan. A power supply is also known as a power supply unit, power brick or power
adapter.

Figure. Power Supply

V. OSCILLOSCOPE
Manufacturer Model No Serial No
Agilent Technologies DSO-X 2004A MY52161212

DESCRIPTION: An oscilloscope enables waveforms to be seen and in this way makes it very
much easier to see any problems occurring in an electronics circuit. An oscilloscope is to be
able to display waveforms on some form of display. In the normal mode of operation time is
displayed along the X-axis (horizontal axis) and amplitude is displayed along the Y axis
(vertical axis). In this way it is possible to see an electronic waveform on an oscilloscope as it
may be envisaged. The waveform could be likened to that of the ripples on travelling along the
surface of a pond when a stone is dropped into it. By seeing a waveform in this manner it is
possible to see analyse the operation of the circuit and discover why any problems may exist.

Measurements:

Figure: Generated Sine Wave

-1) According to above Graph waveform parameter values are given below

 -Frequency = 1 kHz

 -Time Period = 1ms

 Vp-p = 4.5V

 -Max peak Voltages = 2.55

 -Minimum Peak Voltages = 2.35

 -Average Voltages = 2.52V

2)-Probe Compensation:

The waveform results before compensation of oscilloscope probes

- After compensating the probes, we got a better square wave as shown in the figure:

Figure. After probe Compensation

 After probes compensation, a sinusoidal waveform was displayed on the oscilloscope.
Probes were perfectly compensated after that sinusoidal waveform.
 Using the manual of oscilloscope, required ‘Labs’ were done and screenshots were
captured.
 Labs: These labs were done according to the instructions given on the oscilloscope
manual provided on the Blackboard. Screenshots were captured for each lab result
and shown in the figures below:

Figure: Part m. using cursors and Automatic Parametric Measurements

Figure: Using zoom display to perform gated measurements

Figure 11. Measurements

Figure: Part n Using Math waveforms

Figure: FFT math function

 Figure: Using peak detect acquisition mode

5. CONCLUSION
By performing this experiment I get familiar with lab Instrument I Used them all perfectly, I
get satisfactory result using combination of oscilloscope & function generator. I successfully
calculate all waveforms parameters & draw oscilloscope display results as per manual
requirements. I observe both analog discovery and oscilloscope results for observations and
measurements. In amplitude, there was 2% difference and in frequency, there was a difference
of 3-4%. I successfully get matched results theoretically as well as practically etc.
6. REFERENCES
[1]. Fluke 45 Multimeter User's Manual. Basic EE Lab II manual. UML: Spring 2017.

[2]. DSO1000 Oscilloscope Educator’s Training Resources. Basic EE Lab II manual. UML:

Spring 2017.