CHEMISTRY LAB REPORT

MUIDS

Titration of Hydrochloric Acid

with Sodium Hydroxide

BY
KANTICHA PUTHONGKUM
SALIN HATAKAROON
THANAKRIT MALEESUT
1105
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………..........1

INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………....2

EXPERIMENT………………………………………………………........3-4
CHEMICAL……………………………………………………................
INSTRUMENT /GLASSWARE………………………………
FLOW CHART………………………………………………….............

RESULTS…………………………………………………………...............5-6
PRE-LAB QUESTION……………………………………………....
RESULTS………………………………………………………..................

DISCUSSION………………………………………………………..........7-9
POST-LAB QUESTION……………………………………………..

CONCLUSION………………………………………………………........10

SUGGESTION / ERROR…………………………………………............11

REFERENCES……………………………………………………….........12

WORK LOG…………………………………………………………...........13
 ABSTRACT

The experiment examined the titration of Hydrochloric acid

with Sodium Hydroxide. Titration is process in which one solution is
added to another solution such that it reacts under conditions in which
the added volume may be accurately measured (ThoughtCo, 2019). It is the
process of adding a standard solution of known concentration to a known
volume of unknown concentration until neutralization reaction occurs
which can be seen by a color change. This experiment is done for a
purpose of determining an unknown concentration, calculating the molarity
based on titration and describing the difference of an endpoint
equivalence point. During the experiment, the two indicators are used to
see the changes of color at the equivalence point. We repeated the
process of each indicator for two times in case there are errors
occurred. For the results of both solution, we got 4 solutions in total
which 2 of them are from the phenolphthalein and another 2 are from
bromophenol blue. By doing this experiment, we are able to determine the
equivalence point, the pH value, and how to calculate the molarity by
using the data recorded of this experiment.

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 INTRODUCTION

For the Titration lab, the neutralization reaction gets

involved since it is the reaction between H+ ion of an acid and OH- ion
of a base that combine to form water and a salt solution. The acid of
this experiment is Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and the base in this case is
the Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH).
Since this is the titration lab, the technique of titration
will be the importance of the experiment. To explain briefly, it is done
by filling the burette with distilled water, using a pipette to transfer
liquid into the flask, using indicators to identify the reaction, and
calculating the unknown concentration at the end. The indicators that
are being used are the Phenolphthalein and the Bromophenol blue. These
two indicators will give the different colors that indicate the
different pH value. Moreover, the objectives of this lab are to learn
the basic technique of titration, to be able to calculate the molarity,
to determine an unknown concentration and to understand the difference
between an endpoint equivalence point in the acid-base titration.

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 EXPERIMENT

Chemical
>> 2 indicators:
1) Phenolphthalein 2) Bromophenol blue
Instrument / Glassware
1) Burette
2) Pipette
3) Conical flask
4) Rubber bulb

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 EXPERIMENT

Flowchart

4
 RESULTS

Pre-lab Questions
1. How will you know when your titration is finished?
The solution (with the indicator) changes its colour.
2. Label the pH scale below with acid, base, and neutral, indicating
numbers for each.
Acid : pH > 7.0
Neutral : pH = 7.0
Base : pH < 7.0

3. On the scale above, use an arrow to show where your equivalence point
is located.

pH = 7.0(Neutral) = Equivalence

4. Write the neutralization reaction that occurs between hydrobromic acid

(HBr) and lithium hydroxide (LiOH).
LiOH + HBr LiBr + H2O
5. What is the concentration of 10.00 mL of HBr if it takes 16.73 mL of a
0.253 M LiOH solution to neutralize it?
10.00mL = 0.01L M = mol/L M = mol/L
16.73mL = 0.01673L 0.253 = mol/0.01673 M = (4.23269x10^-3)/0.01
mol = 4.23269x10^-3 M = 0.423269

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 RESULTS

Data Results Concentration of sodium hydroxide :

0.0498 M

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 DISCUSSION

POST-LAB QUESTIONS
1. How would it affect your results if you used a beaker with residual
water in it to measure out your standardized sodium hydroxide
solution?

The concentration of sodium hydroxide solution will change, and the

result of experiment will flaw.

2. How would it affect your results if you used a wet Erlenmeyer flask
instead of a dry one when transferring your acid solution from the
volumetric pipette?

The concentration will change, we can not know the actual result.

3. How do you tell if you have exceeded the equivalence point in your
titration?
The color of the solution will get darker after over-tritatated.
According to our experiment, the pink colour of hydrobromic acid was
too dark after dropped too much bromophenol.

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 DISCUSSION

POST-LAB QUESTIONS
4. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid (CH3COOH) in water. For
quality control purposes, it can be titrated using sodium hydroxide to
assure a specific % composition. If 25.00 mL of acetic acid is
titrated with 9.08 mL of a standardized 2.293 M sodium hydroxide
solution, what is the molarity of the vinegar?
CH3COOH + NaOH 25 --> H2O + CH3COONa
25mL 9.08mL
M=? 2.293M
M = mol/L ---> 2.293=mol/ 0.00908
mol = 0.02082044
M = 0.02082044/0.025
ANS: Vinegar molarity = 0.8328176 M
DISCUSSION
As a result for the experiment, the pH of the solution
tested by phenolphthalein is 8.75, while the pH of the solution tested
by bromophenol blue is 7.05. In the experiment, our pH on the
phenolphthalein differs to the theory (pH = 9) by 0.25, but pH on the
Bromophenol blue is different by 4.05. The color might not be the same
as the theory, because of the human errors and accuracy. The reason
that Bromophenol blue is very different from the theory might be that
we determine the pH by the color of solution until we think it is
neutral and measure the pH.

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 DISCUSSION

If we want the accurate color and pH, we have measure pH all the time
to get similar the color to the theory.
Another point of view, the different in average concentration of
bromophenol blue and phenolphthalein. Both of them did not have the
same average concentration, even though, the unknown solution are
exactly the same, this might due to the the unit of the instruments we
used because the unit of the concentration is very small and we can
measure only one decimal place, while the different is only 0.0048. If
we round decimal to the nearest thousand, the concentration will be
equal.

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 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the purpose of this lab is to find the

concentration and pH of the unknown solution, which is HCL. The method
used to achieve the objective of this experiment is titration. Where
indicators including phenolphthalein and bromophenol blue are added to
the unknown solution. After the solution reached the endpoint of the
titration, it will change its color according to the indicator’s
property.
As a result, the level of NaOH in the burette tested by
phenolphthalein changed by 10.4 and 9.9. The color of the solution
changed from colorless to mild pink when the endpoint is reached and the
pH of the solution is 8.75. The concentration of HCL is 0.0506 M.
Moreover, the level of NaOH in the burette tested by
bromophenol blue change by 10 and 8.4. The color of the solution changed
from yellow to greenish blue when the endpoint is reached and the pH of
the solution is 7.05. The concentration of HCL is 0.0458 M.
To sum up, this experiment was considered as successful, and
the objective of the experiment was achieved. Although, there was
multiple error than can be pointed out and fixed.

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 SUGGESTION/ERROR

There are multiple errors occurred during the process of

experimentation. The results may have changed slightly due to both
systematic error and random error.
In the former, systematic errors developed due to human
errors. Incomplete Definition errors makes the measurement unprecise.
For instances, multiple person measuring the same product will result in
slight difference in the data, even the instrument is accurate. The
suggestion is to use a proper instrument, and let one person to measure
all datas. Moreover, Parallax errors also affect the results. Viewing
the measurement from different angles affects the value. For example,
viewing the solution level in the graduated cylinder from an upper or
lower angles causes the drift in the the results. The suggestion is to
make sure the the observer’s eyes are aligned in the same level as the
scale. Titration errors resulted in significant changes in the data. The
solution with indicator will change its color after titration. There is
no exact measurement of the color, it all depends on the observer’s
perceptions. The suggestion is to have accurate color scale for
comparison.
In the latter, random errors may cause insignificant shift
in data and these errors are uncontrollable. Environmental Factor error
occurs unpredictably. In particular, vibrations, temperature, or effects
by nearby apparatus.

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 REFERENCES

Helmenstine, A. M. (2019, January 30). What Is Titration? Retrieved

from https://www.thoughtco.com/titration-definition-602128

Arrhenius Acid-Base Theory. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Chemical/acid2.html

Titration of A Strong Acid With A Strong Base. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Demos%2C_Techniques%2
C_and_Experiments/General_Lab_Techniques/Titration/Titration_Of_A_Str
ong_Acid_With_A_Strong_Base

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 WORK LOG

Date Work Members

15 Feb Finished the Flowchart Ploy, Putt, Ming

18 Feb Lab Training Day Ploy, Putt, Ming

20 Feb Titration Lab Day!! Ploy, Putt, Ming

Dividing the work Ploy, Putt, Ming
22 Feb
Start doing Lab Report
02-04 Mar Continue doing Lab Report Ploy, Putt, Ming

07 Mar Finished up the Lab Report Ploy, Putt, Ming

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