Welcome to

DA500A 7.5 hp
Introduction to Computer Science
Lecture 1

Eric Chen
044-203175
Eric.Chen@hkr.se

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Welcome to DSY, HDI/HDT !
• Computer Sweden 2010.08.17
http://csjobb.idg.se/2.9741/1.334171
– Statistics 2009
– Officials in the IT industry has the highest average
salaries
– IT staff also have the highest median salary, 31 300
kronor

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Topics in this lecture

About the course DA500A

Some practical information

Computer basics (Chapter 1)

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About the course

• Course syllabus found on course page

• It is a 7.5 hp ( higher educations credits)
– 1 credit = 25--30 hours of work
• Lectures/exercises, labs, assignment, self-reading
• Divided into two parts
– Introduction to university studies (4 hp)
• Common part in DA500A, MV500A and DT500A
– Introduction to computer science (3.5 hp)

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About the course

• Introduction to university studies (4 hp)

– Presentation technique
– Group dynamics (work in groups)
– Information handling

– Examination
• Labs 2hp (U/G)
• Assignments 2hp (U/3-4-5)
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About the course
• Introduction to university studies (4 hp)
– Teacher(s)
• Eric Chen
– Using Moodle
• Fredrik Jönsson
– Search for information and Study Technique
• Torvald Bennäs
– Presentation Technique, Writing
• Martin Persson
– Group Dynamics, and Conflict Management
– Oral Presentation Technique
• Montathar Faraon
– Web Based Presentation Techniqes

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About the grading systems

• U/G
– U: failed
– G: passed
• U/3-4-5
– U: failed
– 3, 4, 5: passed, good, excellent
• F, FX, E—A
– F, FX: failed
– E, D, C, B, A: passed

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About the course

• Introduction to computer science (3.5 hp)

– Fundamental concepts in computer science
• Computer systems
• Operating systems (OS)
• Computer history
• Binary system
• Programming languages
• Internet and web
– Examination
• Labs 1 hp (U/G)
• Close book exam 2.5 hp (U/3-4-5) 2010.10.20

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About the course

• Textbook
– David Reed, A balanced introduction to
computer science, 2nd ed., Prentice Hall.
(380 pages). ISBN 978-0-13-601722-6
• Chapters 1, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 for 2nd part
– Other materials available on course page

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Some practical information (0)

• Academic hours
– 45 minutes + 15 minutes break
• For examples,
– 8:00—10:00  8:15 – 10:00
• 8:15 – 9:00
• 9:15 – 10:00
• Or 8:15 – 9:45
– 13:00—15:00  13:15 – 15:00
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 Some practical information (1)
• Some activities are mandatory (attendance control)
– Labs, project presentation, some guest lectures
• Cheating in the labs, projects, exams
– Disciplinnämnd (disciplinary committee )
http://hkr.se/templates/Page____1569.aspx
• Do not copy-and-paste !!
• Be on time when coming to the lectures, labs
• Do not chat (messaging), play games, watch videos in
the lectures
• Turn off the sound from your mobile phone in the
lectures

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Some practical information (2)

Ask for help ??

• You have many ways to contact your teachers
for help
– Email firstname.familyname@hkr.se
– Telephone
– Physical meeting
• Secretary Torvald is on the 1st floor (H8A)
• We all have the offices on the 3rd floor (H8B)
• Check the availability on the whiteboard before pushing ring
button !

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 Some practical information (3)
• Laptop computer ??
• You borrow the computer during your 3 years study.
– If you interrupt your study, you have to return it.
– Buy home insurance
• There is a computer room on the 3rd floor in H8-S83.
– Check the schedule if the room is available.
• You can access Norra Station WLAN (need
username/password too)

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Some practical information (4)
• Access the HKr network
• Access Internet from school
• You need username/password
– You get it from Torvald

• Wireless LAN at Hässleholm

– SSID is hkrwlan
– No WEP encryption
– Automatic IP allocation

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 Some practical information (5)
Internet access ??
• Read carefully the page ( rule/policy)
http://www.hkr.se/upload/INFRA/doc/it_regler/form_rul
es_eng.pdf
• You access the Internet via HKr wireless local area
networks (need username/password)
• You can access Norra Station WLAN (need
username/password too)
• Technical Contact
– HKr: Andreas Adamsson 044-203163, 3rd floor
– Norra Station: Thomas Blixt(0451-76 20 12 ) and Anders
Bengtsson(0451-76 20 14 )

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Some Practical information (6)

• Have a good email address

– name@163.com or many Chinese email
addresses do not work well in Europe
– Have an email address from
• yahoo.se not yahoo.com.cn or yahoo.cn
• gmail.com
• hotmail.com
• When writing mails, remember telling
who you are (name, and class)
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Some Practical information (7)

• Check the real-time schedule

– http://schema.hkr.se/ and select language
• Programme:
• Signature:
• course:

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Some Practical information (8)
• student info on www.hkr.se
– School web site http://www.hkr.se
• Select the language on the upper right corner
• Click Student link on the left pane to find most
info related to students
– Programme, courses
– Examination
• Find teachers at HKr
– Point to the start page
– Fill in the name on the left panel, click the search
icon.

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 Some Practical information (9)

• Find the course Syllabus

– http://www.hkr.se/templates/EducationPag
e____3154.aspx?epslanguage=EN
– You can then search for the course to find
its syllabus
• It also lists the textbooks

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 Where to get textbooks ?
• Be sure to have the textbooks if you want to
successfully complete the course
• It is expensive to buy books in Sweden. But as
a student, what else is more important than
textbooks ?!
• Some popular online sites to buy books
– Bokus http://www.bokus.com
– Libris http://www.libris.se/
– Lycknis http://bokshopen.lycknis.se/
• You may borrow books from HKr library, and
Hässleholm/Kristianstad libraries
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 Some Practical information (10)

• Train/bus information in Skåne

http://www.skanetrafiken.se
– On the left, you find the reseplaneraren(trip
planning)
• Från (From)
• Till ( To )
• Avgångstid ( departure time ) and date
• Sök resa ( search )

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Some Practical information (11)
• Moodle e-learning platform
http://moodle.tec.hkr.se/
– The platform to make your study easier
– Go to the page to create an account yourself
• Give your real first name, surname name in English,
phone number, photo
– You can choose the language you like on the
upper right corner
– Activate your account
– Login

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Some Practical information (12)
• Moodle e-learning platform
http://moodle.tec.hkr.se/
– Enrolment key (different courses, different
keys) for this course
• dsyint10 for DSY international students
• dsysv10 for DSY Swedish students
• hdi10 for HDI students
• hdt10 for HDT students

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Some Practical information (13)
• Online translation
– Between English and Swedish http://tyda.se/
– Google translation
• Some utility programs
– 7-Zip http://www.7-zip.org/
– A simple screen capture program capture.zip
– Another screen capture program MWSnap
• http://www.mirekw.com/winfreeware/mwsnap.html

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Some Practical information (14)

• Learn to type
– Use both hands
– Type quickly and correctly
• Importance of being a good typist
– You type every day when using computers
• Chatting,
• write messages,
• write lab/project reports
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Some Practical information (14)

• Learn to type
– http://www.rapidtyping.com/typing-instructions.html
– http://www.sense-lang.org/typing/
• Spend time to practice the typing
• Test your typing speed
• http://www.rapidtyping.com/online-typing-test.html
• http://www.learntotype.org/
• http://www.sense-
lang.org/typing/test/index.php?lang=EN

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Some Practical information (15)

• For Chinese students

– Do not install the Chinese operating system
• You will get no support or little support
• You miss the time/opportunity to practice English
– Find the Chinese input systems
• Install the Chinese language package
• Use 搜狗拼音输入法 (pinyin.sogou.com)
– Avoid ChineseEnglish translation service

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More Practical information ??

• Questions ?

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Computer Basics

What is a computer ?

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What is a Computer?
•a programmable machine that receives input, stores and
manipulates data/information, and provides output in a useful format.
•Different types of computers have different characteristics
– supercomputers: powerful but expensive; used for complex computations
(e.g., weather forecasting, engineering design and modeling)
– desktop computers: less powerful but affordable; used for a variety of user
applications (e.g., email, Web browsing, document processing)
– laptop computers: similar functionality to desktops, but mobile
– palmtop computers: portable, but limited applications and screen size

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 Desktop Specifications
• purchasing a computer can be confusing
– sales materials contain highly technical information and computer jargon
• the following specs describe two computer systems for sale in
January, 2007
– Desktop 1 is a low-end system, inexpensive but with limited features
– Desktop 2 is a high-end system, uses the latest technology so
expensive

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Hardware vs. Software
• the term hardware refers to the physical components of a
computer system
– e.g., monitor, keyboard, mouse, hard drive
• the term software refers to the programs that execute on the
computer
– e.g., word processing program, Web browser

hardware
components

software
components
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Common Desktop Hardware

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Inside the main box ?

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motherboard

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CPU (Central Processing Unit)

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Main Memory

• Used to store
– programs
– data

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Hard Disk Drive (secondary storage)

• Used to keep files (data, programs)

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von Neumann Architecture
• Although specific components may vary,
virtually all modern computers have the
same underlying structure
– known as the von Neumann architecture
– named after computer pioneer, John von
Neumann, who popularized the design in the
early 1950's
• Read more about him at
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_von_Neumann

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von Neumann Architecture
• the von Neumann architecture identifies 3 essential
components
1. Input/Output Devices (I/O) allow the user to interact with the
computer
2. Memory stores information to be processed as well as programs
(instructions specifying the steps necessary to complete specific
tasks)
3. Central Processing Unit (CPU) carries out the instructions to
process information

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Central Processing Unit (CPU)
•The CPU is the "brains" of the computer, responsible for
controlling its inner workings
– made of circuitry – electronic components wired together to control
the flow of electrical signals
– the circuitry is embedded in a small silicon chip, 1-2 inches square
– despite its small size, the CPU is the most complex part of a
computer ((CPU circuitry can have 100's of millions of
individual components)
– commercial examples: Intel Core 2 Duo, AMD Athlon, Motorola
PowerPC G4

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CPU (cont.)
• the CPU repeatedly fetches a program instruction
from memory and executing that instruction
– individual instructions are very simple (e.g., add two
numbers, or copy this data)
– complex behavior results from incredible speed
• a 2.53 GHz Celeron D processor can execute 2.53 billion
instructions per second
• a 2.93 GHz Core 2 Duo processor can execute 2.93 billion
instructions per second

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Memory
• memory is the part of the computer that stores data and
programs
• modern computers are digital devices, meaning they store and
process information as binary digits (bits)
– bits are commonly represented as either 0 or 1
– bits are the building block of digital memory
by grouping bits together, large ranges of values can be
represented

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Memory (cont.)
• memory capacity is usually specified in bytes
– a byte is a collection of 8 bits – so can represent a
range of 28 = 256 values
– large collections of bytes can be specified using
prefixes

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Memory (cont.)
•Modern computers use a combination of memory types, each with its own
performance and cost characteristics
•Main memory (or primary memory) is fast and expensive
– data is stored as electric signals in circuitry, used to store active data
– memory is volatile – data is lost when the computer is turned off
– examples: Random Access Memory (RAM), cache
•Secondary memory is slower but cheaper
– use different technologies (magnetic signals on hard disk, reflective spots
on CD)
– memory is permanent – useful for storing long-term data
– examples: hard disk, floppy disk, compact disk (CD), flash drive

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Memory (cont.)
• higher-end computers tend to have
– more main memory to allow for quick access to more data
and programs
– more secondary memory to allow for storing more long-term
data

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Input/Output (I/O)
• input devices allow the computer to receive data and
instructions from external sources
– examples: keyboard, mouse, track pad, microphone, scanner
• output devices allow the computer to display or broadcast its
results
– examples: monitor, speaker, printer

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A video clip on Computer Hardware

• computer-hardware-components.flv
available on the course page

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Software
• hardware refers to the physical components of computers
• software refers to the programs that execute on the hardware
• a software program is a sequence of instructions for the computer
(more specifically, for the CPU) to carry out in order to complete
some task
– e.g., word processing (Microsoft Word, Corel WordPerfect)
– e.g., image processing (Adobe Photoshop, Macromedia Flash)
– e.g., Web browsing (Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox)

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Operating Systems
•the Operating System(OS) is a collection of programs that controls
how the CPU, memory, and I/O devices work together
– it controls how data and instructions are loaded and executed by the
CPU
– it organizes and manages files and directories
– it coordinates the CPU, memory, and I/O devices
• most modern OS's utilize a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to make
interacting with the computer easy
• GUI's utilize windows, icons, menus, and pointers

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Quick Net & Web Overview
• the Internet is a vast, international network of
computers
– the physical connections between computers vary,
but the overall effect is that computers around the
world can communicate and share resources
– the Internet traces its roots back to 1969, when the
U.S. government sponsored the first long-distance
computer network
– starting with only 4 computers, the network would
eventually evolve into today's Internet

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 Universal Service and Virtual Network

You are going to learn more about computer networks and Internet in
the course “operating systems and Computer Communications”

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web
• the World Wide Web is a collection of software that spans the
Internet and enables the interlinking of documents and
resources
– the basic idea for the Web was proposed by Tim Berners-Lee in
1989
– his system interlinked documents (including multimedia elements
such as images and sound clips) over the Internet
– through the use of well-defined rules, or protocols, that define how
they are formatted, documents could be shared across networks on
various types of computers

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Internet ≠ World Wide Web

•the Internet could exist without the Web

– and did, in fact, for many years (applications included email and
news groups)
•the Web couldn't exist without the Internet
– the Internet is the hardware that stores and executes the Web
software
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Viewing a Web Page
•a Web page is a text document that contains additional formatting
information in a language called HTML (HyperText Markup
Language)
•a Web browser is a program that accesses a Web page, interprets
its content, and displays the page

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Web Addresses
•a Web server is an Internet-enabled computer that stores Web
pages and executes software for providing access to the pages
– when you request a Web page, the browser sends a request over
the Internet to the appropriate server
– the server locates the specified page and sends it back to your
computer
•Web pages require uniform names to locate and identify them
uniquely
– each page is assigned a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
– URL's are commonly referred to as Web addresses
– the different parts of the Web address provide information for
locating the page

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Viewing Local Web Pages
•a Web browser can be used to view pages stored on the same
computer
– can go through the File menu to select the local page, or
– can enter the File location in the address box (without the http
prefix)
•this feature is handy when developing Web pages
– can create a Web page and view it in the browser before uploading
to a server

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Read yourself
• Chapter 1 Computer Basics
• Wikipedia on Computer
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer

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Review questions
• Page 16—17 on the textbook
• online quiz

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