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Instrumentation and Control Systems [Book Review]

Article  in  IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine · December 2005

DOI: 10.1109/MEI.2005.1541498 · Source: IEEE Xplore

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ticles. Each method contains detailed
chemistry of reactions, synthesis, materi-
als, and some relevant measured proper-
ties. There are also chapters covering ap-
plications of these materials in
magnetoptic and other optical properties
obtained from these materials. The text
has sufficient detail and technical depth
to be used as a way to reproduce the struc-
tures described. This would greatly ben-
efit those working in the laboratory syn-
thesizing these materials and developing
new materials or methods of production.
Researchers working in the field of
polymer nanocomposite synthesis will
find this a fascinating, very useful, and
timely reference text loaded with practi-
cal information designed to advance the
state of the art in nanocomposite technol-
ogy.
Transformers
Edited by T.K. Ganguli,
M.V. Prabhakar, S.K. Gupta,
R.K. Singh, and K. Gopal Krishan
McGraw-Hill
Two Penn Plaza
New York, NY 10121-2298
ISBN# 0-07-144785-7
Phone +877 833 5524
Fax +614 759 3749
http://www.books.mcgraw-hill.com
630 pp.-$115.00 (Hardcover), 2005
This book, written by the collective ef-
forts of engineers and designers at Bharat
Heavy Electrical Limited (BHEL) in In-
dia, describes all of the major aspects re-
lated to power transformer design, with the
focus on transformers up to around a few
100 MVA and up to 400 kV. Because it
contains the fundamentals of power trans-
former design, manufacturing technology,
materials, and various intricate details
needed to design high power transform-
ers, it would be a very useful and practical
book for engineers involved with design,
manufacturing, testing, or operation and
maintenance of power transformers.
It begins with the basic fundamentals,
common to all transformers, but then
quickly gets into a description of the ma-
terials used in power transformers (oils,
insulation, windings, grain-oriented steels,
etc). It continues by detailing the design
aspects of the magnetic circuit, windings
November/December 2005 — Vol. 21, No. 6
and insulation, and cooling methods.
These include a chapter showing how to
calculate the electromagnetic forces
present during a fault, failure modes of
windings, and methods for strengthening
the windings. The chapter on winding in-
sulation mainly focuses on insulation de-
sign and winding patterns. It shows the
effects of surge voltage behavior and elec-
tric field patterns on various winding ge-
ometries and methods for reducing field
stresses in windings with emphasis on ge-
ometry. There is little detail, however, on
specific types of insulation materials used
and the physical and electrical properties
of the insulation. After detailing these in-
dividual aspects of the transformer, the
next chapter is dedicated to illustrating
the design procedures and considerations
that go into designing a power transformer.
This makes for a good design checklist to
ensure that all aspects of the design are
covered. Also covered are the manufac-
turing considerations, including tank de-
sign and manufacturing for assembly
considerations. These factors can deter-
mine the cost and reliability of the design.
Other aspects in the design include oil
maintenance, drying, and impregnation.
The remainder of the book details test-
ing, loading and lifetime, fault protection
and specific design types, and some
worked-out examples. There are graphs
showing heat rise in various parts of the
transformer under various loads and load
transitions. Specific applications cover the
unique requirements for reactors, traction
and rectifier transformers; converter trans-
formers for HVDC systems; and descrip-
tions of high-voltage condenser bushings.
There are also descriptions of the proce-
dures and types of gases analyzed using
gas chromatography for residual gas
analysis in the oil.
Because this book contains a blend of
useful design equations, relevant up-to-
date designs, practical considerations, and
applications, it would be a useful book for
engineers involved with design, manufac-
turing, testing, or operation and mainte-
nance of power transformers as well as
power engineering students.
Instrumentation and Control
Systems
W. Bolton
Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann
Linacre House, Jordan Hill
Oxford OX2 8DP, UK
ISBN# 0-7506-6432-0
Phone +44 0 1865 853333
Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann
200 Wheeler Road
Burlington, MA 01803
Phone +800 545 2522
Fax + 800 568 5136
www.books.elsevier.com
350 pp.-$34.99 (Softcover), 2004
The controls and instrumentation de-
scribed in this book deal primarily with
industrial instrumentation and control en-
gineering. Some examples would be in
controlling the position of a drill for CNC
(computer numerical control) machining,
feedback systems using temperature as
inputs on a process, controlling the speed
of a mixer for plastics, and twin-screw ex-
truder controls. There are more and more
industrial processes that use some form of
closed- or open-loop control to maintain
optimum processing conditions or control
of an electro-mechanical device. The text
describes the fundamental operation of
measurement and control systems using
real world examples and clearly lays out
the basic theory behind control systems.
The author has done a great job in con-
densing fundamental control theory into
a practical text suitable for undergraduate
studies in engineering.
The first half details sensors, data ac-
quisition systems, control systems, correc-
tion elements, and PLC systems. Some of
the types of sensors described and their
implementation are displacement, speed,
fluid flow, level, and temperature. The
practical implementation of these sensors
is illustrated by using many basic but in-
sightful drawings of the principles. This
is carried throughout the entire book and
is especially helpful in explaining con-
trol theory. There are basics on PID con-
trollers and PLC systems to provide an un-
derstanding of how these systems operate.
The book is interesting because the au-
thor not only details the fundamentals
behind the operation but also shows how
these devices are used in real applications.
43
 The second half of the book describes
the system and control theory used to de-
sign these systems. This includes transfer
functions, system models, Laplace trans-
forms, system response, frequency re-
sponse, and Nyquist criteria. The authors’
presentation of Laplace transforms and
partial fractions can help explain this
theory to anyone struggling with these
concepts. The theory covered is neces-
sary to develop system controllers.
The book is suitable for undergraduate
study in control engineering, as it also has
questions and answers at the end of each
chapter. The appendices cover error in
measurements, differential equations, and
more Laplace transforms.
Surface Engineering 2004
Fundamentals and
Applications, vol. 843
Edited by S.N. Basu, J.E. Kranowski,
J. Patscheider, and Y. Gogotsi
Materials Research Society (MRS)
506 Keystone Drive
Warrendale, PA 15086
ISBN# 1-55899-791-1
Phone +724 779 3003
Fax +724 779 8313
www.mrs.org
375 pp.-$89 (member), $102 (nonmem-
ber), $117 (non US) (Hardcover), 2005
This volume consists of papers from the
2004 MRS fall meeting held in Boston,
Massachusetts. The book covers a broad
range of topics of recent interest on sur-
face engineering. These included the ef-
fects of coating nano-structures on har-
ness, new super low friction coatings, con-
trolling stresses in film coatings and sur-
faces during modification, modification of
surfaces using ion beams and lasers, and
new methods for synthesizing and charac-
terizing surfaces and coatings. Here are
some specific papers that may be of inter-
est to our readers.
· A paper on subcritical CO2-assisted
modification of polymer surfaces by
embedding nanoparticles into polymer
surfaces using CO2 at specific tempera-
tures and pressures. This would lower
the glass transition temperature of the
polymer surface and allow for the bond-
ing and sealing of various polymers in
nano-fluid chip applications.
44
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· Those of us interested in contact ero-
sion or spark gap design would find the
paper on the erosion of material sur-
faces caused by electrical plasma dis-
charge interesting. It discusses the cra-
ter formation in RuAl cathodes pro-
duced by three different processing
methods. These results show the effects
of processing on the erosion properties
of the spark gap material, and there are
also some interesting 3-D views, mea-
sured using a confocal microscope, of
the craters formed. They also discuss
the influence of oxide layer formation
on the crater formation.
· “Structural Nanocomposite Bonding
Reinforced by Graphite Nanofibers with
Surface Treatments,” details carbon
nano-fibers in epoxy that is used as a
bonding agent for aluminum and
PMMA. However, the results did not
look promising.
· There was also another paper that was a
good review on the fundamentals of
hardness testing. It reviewed the theory
on material hardness for various types
of materials.
Rating of Electric Power
Cables in Unfavorable
Thermal Environment
G.J. Anders
John Wiley & Sons
111 River Street
Hoboken, NJ 07030
ISBN# 0-471-67909-7
Phone +877 762 2974
Fax +800 597 3299
http://www.wiley.com
340 pp.-$110.00 (Hardcover), 2005
The subject of this book is the calcula-
tion of the current carrying capabilities of
cables in unfavorable thermal environ-
ments. For instance, cables buried in the
ground, crossing other cables, in conduit
or cable trays, or crossing steam pipes. Also
considered is the thermal transient over-
loading during heavy load demands that
affects thermal loading of cables. Gener-
ally, the types of cables being discussed
include transmission and distribution and
multiple bundled cables in aircraft and
telecommunications.
The author has included, as the first
chapter, a comprehensive review of the
rating methods for standard cable instal-
lation methods. This chapter is a con-
densed version of the significant results
from the author’s earlier book, Rating of
Electric Power Cables: Ampacity Compu-
tations for Transmission, Distribution and
Industrial Applications. These are the stan-
dard equations used to design power
cables for open air. The remainder of this
book focuses on how to calculate the ther-
mal capacity of various types of cables
that encounter conditions that require ther-
mal derating. Topics cover cables cross-
ing heat sources, high ambient soil tem-
peratures, soil dry-out conditions, thermal
backfill, deeply buried cables, oil circu-
lating, and bundled cables. One excellent
aspect of this book is that the author shows
how the thermal equations are derived
from a model of the cable. He uses an elec-
trical analogy to set up the thermal heat
transfer equations to develop the thermal
models that can be used as a computa-
tional model under various current load-
ing conditions, even transient conditions.
Once this technique is mastered, the reader
can apply it to other cable problems. There
are also six model cables described, five
transmission and one distribution, to fa-
cilitate computational tasks. The appen-
dix also contains soil moisture calculation
graphs to determine soil thermal resistiv-
ity. IEC standards are generally used
throughout the book; however, the equa-
tions derived are universal and can be used
to any standard.
This reference book should be on the
bookshelf of power engineers or applica-
tion engineers who design, develop, or in-
stall power cables. Engineers will find it
to be a very practical and excellent re-
source for determining the thermal capac-
ity of cables, especially in unfavorable
thermal environments.
Programming the PIC
Microcontroller with MBasic
J.R. Smith
Elsevier Inc.
30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400
Burlington, MA 01803
ISBN# 0-7506-7946-8
Phone +800 545 2522
Fax +800 568 5136
Linacre House, Jordan Hill
Oxford OX2 8DP, UK
IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine