ZOOLOGY 120

Activities of Autonomic Nervous System

Effect of Sympathetic Effect of

Visceral Effector Receptor Stimulation Parasympathetic
Stimulation
Eye
Radial muscle of  Contraction that results in No known functional
iris dilation of pupil (mydriasis) innervation
Sphincter muscle  No known functional Contraction that results in
of iris innervation constriction of pupil
(miosis).
Ciliary muscle  Relaxation that results in Contraction that results in
far vision. near vision.
Glands
Sweat  Stimulates local secretion. Stimulates generalized
secretion.
Lacrimar (tear) __ No known functional Secretion.
innervation.
Salivary  Vasoconstriction, which Stimulates secretion and
decreases secretion. vasodilation.
Gastric __ Vasoconstriction, which Stimulates secretion.
inhibits secretion.
Intestinal __ Vasoconstriction, which Stimulates secretion.
inhibits secretion.
Adrenal medulla __ Promotes epinephrine and No known functional
norepinephrine innervation.
Fat cells  Promotes lipolysis. No known functional
innervation.
Lungs (bronchial  Dilation. Constriction.
muscle)
Heart  Increases rate and strength Decreases rate and
of contraction; constricts strength of contraction;
coronary vessels that dilates coronary vessels.
supply blood to heart
muscle cells.
Arterioles
Skin and mucosa  Constriction. No known functional
innervation for most.
Skeletal muscle  Constriction or dilation. No known functional
innervation.
Abdominal viscera  Constriction. No known functional
innervation for most.
Cerebral  Slight constriction. No known functional
innervation.
Systemic veins  Constriction and dilation No known functional
innervation.
Liver  Promotes glycogenolysis Promotes glycogenolysis
and gluconeogenesis; and gluconeogenesis;
decreases bile secretion. increases bile secretion.
Gallbladder and __ Relaxation. Contraction.
ducts
Stomach  Decreases motility and Increases motility and
tone; contracts sphincters. tone; relaxes sphincters.
Intestines  Decreases motility and
tone; contracts sphincters.
Kidney  Constriction of blood
vessels that results in
decreased urine volume;
secretion of renin.
Ureter  Increases motility.
Pancreas  Inhibits secretion of
enzymes and insulin;
promotes secretion of
glucagon.
Spleen __ Contraction and discharge
of stored blood into general
circulation.
Urinary bladder  Relaxation of muscular
wall; contraction of internal
sphincter.
Arrector pili of  Contraction that results in
hair follicles erection of hairs.
Uterus  Inhibits contraction if
nonpregnant, stimulates
contraction if pregnant.
Sex organs  In male, vasoconstriction of
ductus (vas) deferens,
seminal vesicle, prostate;
results in ejaculation. In
female, reverse uterine
peristalsis.
Increases motility and
tone; relaxes sphincters.
No known functional
innervation.
Decreases motility.
Promotes secretion of
enzymes and insulin.
No known functional
innervation.
Contraction of muscular
wall; relaxation of internal
sphincter
No known functional
innervation.
Minimal effect.
Vasodilation and erection
in both sexes; secretion in
females.